Post on 17-Dec-2015
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• Differences in language development in the child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)a. Joint attention
• b. Verbal development• c. Non-verbal language development• d. Theory of mind• e. Pro-social communication• f. Conversational skills• g. Early differences in development in a child with ASD• h. Differences in brain development• i. Dyspraxia• j. Theory of mind difficulties• k. How the combination of verbal, non-verbal communication and
motor planning difficulties impacts social communication.• How to take a language sample
Autism Spectrum Disorders• Problems with socialization• Problems with
communication• Unusual behaviors
• It’s more than height and weight• Observing how children play, learn, speak
and act• Different areas of development
– Social, communication, cognitive, gross motor, fine motor, adaptive
• Monitoring milestones can offer early signs of delay including signs of autism spectrum disorders
Child Development
• Accurate diagnosis of autism required significant knowledge of typical development in the following areas: social, communication, cognitive skills, and play skills.
• Understanding developmental profiles: must know what is typical for development and atypical for development at any age.
Autism is a Developmental Disorder
Methodological Approaches to Studying Emergence of Autism
• Retrospective studies of affected children – Parental report– Video diaries analysis
• Prospective studies of infant siblings at risk for ASD– Recurrence risk for autism: 5-10%– High risk for other developmental
problems:• Language or cognitive delays• Broader Autism Phenotype, BAP
Potential Areas of Dysfunction in the 1st Year
1. Typical Development– 0 to 3 months:
• Sensitivity to and preference for face-like stimuli and speech-like sound
– 3 to 6 months: • Emergence of dyadic social interactions
– 6 to 9 months: • Development of face processing skills (identity, affect, gender)• Response to name• Anticipatory social games
– 9 to 12 months: • Social monitoring and imitation• Social referencing• Joint attention
2. Many skills affected in toddlers with ASD emerge typically in the first year
Patterns of Onset
• Early onset (1st year): – “Inborn autistic disturbances of affective
contact” (Kanner, 1943)
• Later onset (2nd year):– Regression (15-27% of cases) (Eisenberg &
Kanner, 1955; Dawson et al., 2006; Landa et al., 2007)
– Plateau (Ozonoff et al., 2008; Hansen et al., 2008)
Age of Onset: Parental Perception
• Average age at first concern: – 15 months
(SD=6.5)
• Primary concerns: – Social difficulties– Speech delays
• Why such a variability?
0
5
10
15
20
25
0-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-18 19-20 21-22 23-24
Age (monhts)
Perc
ent
Chawarska, Paul, Klin et al., 2007, JADD.
Recent study by CDC indicated most children with an ASD diagnosis had signs of a developmental problem before the age of 3, but average age of diagnosis was 5 years.
Parental Concerns (Wiggins, Baio, Rice, 2006)