Atoms, Elements, Compounds, and Ions

• Atom

• basic building block of all matter

• Element

•Substance that consists of only one type of atom.

•Molecule has two different atoms.

• Compound

• substance that consists of more than one type of

element.

• Ion

• substance that has a positive or negative charge

Atoms have:

• A nucleus• small, heavy part of the atom

•An electron cloud• large, lightweight part of the atom

Nucleus Electron Cloud

Nucleus of an AtomNucleus of an Atom

• Nucleus contains:

N

• Protons

• Have a positive charge• All atoms are distinguished by the number of protons it has (atomic number)

• Neutrons

• Have no charge• Have same mass as protons

N

N

e-

e-

Electron Cloud of an AtomElectron Cloud of an Atom

An electron cloud contains:

• Electrons

• determine bonding properties of substance

• have a very small mass compared to protons and neutrons

• orbit the nucleus of the atom

• are contained within shells of the electron cloud

• have a negative charge

Atom Structure

+1

-1

Electron

Proton

Neutron

+1

-1

ElementsElementsElements contain one or more of the same type of atom!

Examples include:

Oxygen – 8 protons per atomOxygen – 8 protons per atom

Copper – 29 protons per atomCopper – 29 protons per atom

Gold – 79 protons per atomGold – 79 protons per atom

Carbon – 6 protons per atomCarbon – 6 protons per atom

Hydrogen – 1 proton per atomHydrogen – 1 proton per atom

Compounds contain more than one type of atom!Example of organic compound (a compound with carbon atoms):

Example of inorganic compound (a compound with no carbon atoms):

Carbon Dioxide – CO2 (1 atom of carbon and two atoms of oxygen)

Water – H2O (2 atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen)

+ -

An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge!!

A particle with a neutral charge has the same number of protons and electrons.

An ion does not have the same number of electrons and protons.

• He+ - A helium atom that is missing one electron. The atom has one more proton than electron, and must have a positive charge.

•CO32- - Carbonate has two more electrons than protons

Examples of ions:

Lets take a look deep inside

Lets take a look deep inside

Lets take a look deep inside

Lets take a look deep inside

This is a Proton.

Positive Charge weighs ONE

Tells what type of atom it is

GIRL

This is a Proton.

Positive Charge weighs ONE

Tells what type of atom it is

GIRL

This is a Proton.

Positive Charge weighs ONE

Tells what type of atom it is

GIRL

This is a Proton.

Positive Charge weighs ONE

Tells what type of atom it is

GIRL

This is a Neutron No Charge, Weighs One

NUN (does not date)

This is a Proton.

Positive Charge weighs ONE

Tells what type of atom it is

GIRL

This is a Neutron No Charge, Weighs ONE

NUN (does not date)

This is an Electron No Weight Negative charge BOY

Element Guide

Element Guide

2

Element Guide

2

Element Guide

2

Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)

Element Guide

2

Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)

He

Element Guide

2

Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)

He

Element Guide

2

Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)

HeExplains name of the element.

Element Guide

2

Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)

HeExplains name of the element.

4

Element Guide

2

Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)

HeExplains name of the element.

4

Element Guide

2

Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)

HeExplains name of the element.

4Explains the total atomic weight-The number of protons PLUS the number of neutrons.

Element Guide

2

Proton Number-tells what element it is. (also the atomic number)

HeExplains name of the element.

4Explains the total atomic weight-The number of protons PLUS the number of neutrons.