Post on 24-Jul-2020
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Advanced Infrastructure Systems
Depart. of Civil and Environ. Eng.Carnegie Mellon University
Automated tracking of and capturing information related to Engineered-to-order products using RFID and GPS
Burcu Akinci (bakinci@cmu.edu), Anu Pradhan, Esin Ergen
2Advanced Infrastructure Systems
Automated tracking of Engineered-to-order products and information using RFID and GPS
• Problem: – Product history information is needed for better operations and
maintenance. Current paper-based approach is inefficient and ineffective.
– Current barcode-based and manual material tracking is ineffective and inefficient.
• Opportunity: – Providing “level 1 intelligence” on facility components using RFID
tags.Has a unique identification,Is capable of communicating its status (form, composition, location, key features) effectively with its environment,Is capable of storing data about itself (current and historical data
– Combining GPS and RFID for automated material tracking.
• Targeting all phases: manufacturing, construction, operations and maintenance
3Advanced Infrastructure Systems
Arrival to site
Construction site
Storage Installation5
3, 4, 55, 6
Information Items that are transferred
1. Manufacturing info
2. Storage & handling manual
3. Inspection info
4. Storage & location info
5. Status info
6. Final location at the structure
7. Maintenance info
Operations & maintenance
3, 7
Info
Maintenance
Manufacturing
Storage at plant
Shipping to site
Reader & GPS
Manufacturing Plant Reader
RFID tag is attached
1, 2, 3, 5, 6
4, 5
5
Research Vision – Level 1 intelligence
4Advanced Infrastructure Systems
Field tests were conducted in a double-tee storage yard
~15 ft.~40 ft.
~20 ft.At most 5 pieces in a stack
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Antenna Option 2
Antenna Option 1
Connection cable
Active system from Identec Solutions
IQ tag(RW)
ID tag (RO)
Two RFID systems : Passive & active UHF systemPassive system from Venture Research
RFID reader
RFID reader
Cross-over ethernet cable
2 antennas
Encapsulated tag (RO)
Label tags with insulation (RO and RW)
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Passive RFID testsAntennas placed at two elevations with two different orientations
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Reader is connected to the antennas and to the laptop placed in the driver’s cabinet
Ethernet connection to the computer
Antenna connections
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~3-20 ft
Three different types of tags were attached and testedDistance between tags and antennas changed between ~3-20 ft
Antennas
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Antenna Option 2
Antenna Option 1
Connection cable
Active system from Identec Solutions
IQ tag(RW)
ID tag (RO)
Two RFID systems : Passive & active UHF systemPassive system from Venture Research
RFID reader
RFID reader
Cross-over ethernet cable
2 antennas
Encapsulated tag (RO)
Label tags with insulation (RO and RW)
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Implementation at a material supplier
Tag• 1 antenna and reader• Wireless GPS• Active RFID tags
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Results – Material supplier• Active RFID technology
performs well.• Data Cleaning algorithm is
needed.• Not possible to read
through a component: – Tags should be on the
side closer to the antenna.
• Reading range is about 1/5th of the original reading range (20-25 ft).
• Wireless GPS works well on the crane, however better accuracy is needed.
12Advanced Infrastructure Systems
Arrival to site
Construction site
Storage Installation5
3, 4, 55, 6
Information Items that are transferred
1. Manufacturing info
2. Storage & handling manual
3. Inspection info
4. Storage & location info
5. Status info
6. Final location at the structure
7. Maintenance info
Operations & maintenance
3, 7
Info
Maintenance
Manufacturing
Storage at plant
Shipping to site
Reader & GPS
Manufacturing Plant Reader
RFID tag is attached
1, 2, 3, 5, 6
4, 5
5
Research Vision – Level 1 intelligence
13Advanced Infrastructure Systems
How reliable is RFID for distributed data storage and component identification at the field?
Fire valves that are not tagged
Fire valves that are tagged with active tags
Behind a door
Behind a ceiling panel
High power
95% of the time reads in the first attempt. ID reading range is 20-90% of the claimed reading range.Reading/writing time doubles as the size of the file doubles.It takes longer to write then to read.
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How reliable is RFID for distributed data storage and component identification at the field?
Tag 8
Tag 7
Tag 1 Tag 2Tag 3
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
Tag 5 Tag 6 Tag 4
10 m.10 ft.
Tag 8
Tag 7
Tag 1 Tag 2Tag 3
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
Tag 5 Tag 6 Tag 4
10 m.10 ft.
Tag 8
Tag 7
Tag 1 Tag 2Tag 3
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
NT
Tag 5 Tag 6 Tag 4
10 m.10 ft.
-80
-78
-76
-74
-72
-70
-68
-66
-64
-62
-60
-580 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42
Order of reading
Cum
ulat
ive
Ave
rage
(dB
M)
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Day 10 Day 11 Day 12Day 13 Day 14 Day 15 Day 16
X X X X X X X X X X
X X
X X
X X
X X
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Practical Implications for utilizing RFID through a life cycle of a component
• Level 1 Intelligence
• More accurate (semi-automated) data collection.
• Effective data communication through the supply chain and life cycle of infrastructure systems.
• Effective tracking of components throughout their life-cycles.
• Correct identification of components in the field and access of corresponding historical data.
Advanced Infrastructure Systems
Depart. of Civil and Environ. Eng.Carnegie Mellon University
Automated tracking of and capturing information related to Engineered-to-order products using RFID and GPS
Burcu Akinci (bakinci@cmu.edu), Anu Pradhan, Esin Ergen
17Advanced Infrastructure Systems
Active UHF system components• i-Q tag: Active, UHF
– Reading range: • 100 feet in open air (regular)• 300 feet in open air (high-power)
– 32 KB data memory (5KB for demo version),– Temperature logging (optional)– ~6-year battery life time (not replaceable)– LED– Operating temperature (–40ºF to +185ºF). – ~$60/ piece.
• i-D tag: Active, UHF– Reading range: 20 feet, – 64-byte data memory,– ~6-year battery life time (not replaceable) – LED– Operating temperature (–40ºF to +158ºF) – $19/ piece.
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Active UHF system components (2)• i-reader: $1,400
– Has drivers for Windows and Linux– Inserted into PCMCIA slot in the computer – Can be connected to 1 antenna
• Antennas
$350
Linear sensitive to orientation of tags Circular insensitivereduced read. range
No gain 3 dB better reading range
7.5 dB much better reading range
$35$100