Avian Flu Virus

Compiled by: Marvin, Grace and Carleen

Preview Outbreak-The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported an outbreak

of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in birds affecting a number of countries in Asia, the Middle East, Europe and Africa. Avian influenza is a contagious viral infection that can affect all.

Transmission-Avian influenza viruses (of which there are 15 types) infect wild bird populations, particularly water birds, typically without causing symptoms. The virus spreads through bird faeces and contaminated water or dust. When avian influenza spreads to poultry or other birds, it can cause more severe disease.

Treatment- Amantadine Rimantadine Oseltamivir Tami Flu (United States)

Avian Infection Map

Lee, Mak, Saw. Public Health and Epidemiology Bulletin. 1999;8:1-7.

Influenza Type A (H5N1)

First appeared in humans in Hong Kong, 1997

Primarily associated with avian species Fatal epidemic among Hong Kong

poultry in 1997 18 total confirmed cases, with 6 deaths

Implications of H5N1 Infection

Potential for pandemic infection by little-known pathogen

Morbidity and mortality in both young and old No previous human exposure; no vaccine Signals need for

Pandemic readiness plan Rapid detection and diagnosis of new viral strains Veterinary surveillance Continuing research for new antiviral agents

D. Release B. Entering Cell C. ReplicationA. Binding

Infection Process

Nasopharynx

Trachea

Infection Pathway

Signs and Symptoms Abrupt onset of symptoms Fever, usually over 100°F Nonproductive cough Chills and/or sweats Headache Myalgia Sore throat Potentially severe, persistent malaise Substernal soreness, photophobia, and ocular

problems

.

Risk Factors for Influenza Complications (CDC)

Age 50 yrs

Residence in nursing home/chronic care facilities

Chronic pulmonary disease (e.g., asthma, COPD)

Chronic cardiovascular disease

Chronic metabolic diseases, renal dysfunction, hemoglobinopathy

Immunosuppression

Long-term aspirin therapy (ages 6 mos-18 yrs)

Second or third trimester pregnancy

Tamiflu™ (oseltamivir phosphate)Contraindications and Precautions

Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to components

Efficacy in the treatment of patients with chronic cardiac disease and/or respiratory disease has not been established

No evidence of efficacy in non-influenza illness Safety and incidence of repeated treatment or

prophylaxis courses not studied

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Oseltamivir

Prodrug Conversion of Tamiflu™ (oseltamivir phosphate)

NH2

O

HN

O

OH

O

Oseltamivir carboxylate

EsterHydrolysi s

Oseltamivir phosphate

NH2 • H3PO4

O

HN

O

O

O

Antivirals in the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Pediatric Influenza (Cont’d)

Inhibits viral neuraminidase Efficacious against influenza A and B Approved for treatment in patients 1 year of

age Approved for prophylaxis in adult patients and

adolescents 13 years and older Orally administered by liquid or capsule

Tamiflu™ (oseltamivir phosphate)Tamiflu™ (oseltamivir phosphate)

Multimedia Presentation?

Questions:1. Will there be a pandemic?2. Are we prepared?3. How long before this happens?4. Do we have enough vaccines?5. Will the virus mutate?6. Who will survive it?7. Will the drugs be expensive?8. Is the U.S.A doing enough?9. Is it a form of biological weaponry?10. Can we become immune to it?

Antivirals in the Treatment and Prophylaxis of Pediatric Influenza (Cont’d)

Inhibits viral neuraminidase Efficacious against influenza A and B Approved for treatment in patients 7

years of age Not indicated for prophylaxis Administered by inhalation only

Zanamivir (Relenza®)Zanamivir (Relenza®)

SummaryEssay HighlightsContagiousRespiratory illnessCan result in deathYoung and old susceptibleMainly among birds Risk to humans lowNot normal flu virusH5N1 is sensitive to heatNo effective vaccineTami Flu available Ethyl Ester Inhibits neuraminidaseHas potential to become pandemic

PowerPoint HighlightsFirst human case was ChinaAffects respiratory systemInfection Path Binding Entrance Replication Release

Pandemic possibility still debatableTami Flu is available in the U.S.AMainly Asian countries affectedW.H.O declares the situation grave

Flu Find A Word

Wordsbirds CDC

culling pandemic Tami flu

WHO

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P A N D  E  M  I  C  AC U C U  L  L  I  N  G

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Good Luck

THE ENDCenter For Disease Control

Carleen

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Grace

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Marvin