Post on 14-Feb-2020
transcript
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis
socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakulteti
nino yuloSvili
qarTul diasporebTan dakavSirebuli problematika
nacionalur da diasporul presaSi
(1977-2010 wlebi)
Jurnalistikis doqtoris akademiuri xarisxis
mosapoveblad
d i s e r t a c i a
naSromi Sesrulebulia iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi
samecniero xelmZRvanelebi: prof. nodar tabiZe
prof. Tamaz jologua
Tbilisi 2013
1
avtoris stili daculia
S e s a v a l i
globalizaciis fonze migraciuli dinebebi siaxles ar warmoadgens.
ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi Cveni Tanamemamuleebi, Tumca adgilsamyofel
qveynebSi integrirebulni arian, sakuTari TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebas
cdiloben. maTs sazogadoebebSi funqciobs saTvistomo organizaciebi,
sakvirao saswavleblebi (sazafxulo da sajaro skolebi, enis
Semswavleli kursebi...), mediasaSualebebi, folkloruli ansamblebi,
nacionaluri samzareulo; garda saqarTvelos istoriul teritoriebze
arsebuli qarTuli taZrebisa, sazRvargareT arsebobs qarTvel
marTlmadidebelTa samrevloebi (ix. www.patriarchate.ge).
termini `diaspora~ berZnuli warmoSobisaa da niSnavs `gabnevas~
(leqsikoni 1973: 129), rac SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos iZulebiTi
gadasaxlebiT, genocidis safrTxiT, ekonomikuri da geografiuli
faqtorebis zemoqmedebiT...
Tavdapirvelad termin `diasporas~ iyenebdnen palestinis gareT
mcxovrebi ebraelebis mimarT. isini samSoblodan gandevnes: jer
babilonis mefe nabuqodonosor meorem (Zv. w. VI s.), Semdeg ki _
romaelebma ax. w. I-II ss-Si. mogvianebiT igi gavrcelda sxva eTnikuri (mag.:
somxebi, irlandielebi, Cinelebi) da religiuri (mag.: pirveli
qristianebi) erTobebis mimarTac.
Tanamedrove politikur mecnierebaSi cneba `diaspora~ aRniSnavs
eTnikuri umciresobis jgufs, romelic gadasaxlda, cxovrobs da
moRvaweobs mimReb qveyanaSi, amasTan, aqvs emociuri da materialuri
kavSirebi warmoSobis qveyanasTan.
"Национальную диаспору можно определить как устойчивую совокупность людей
единого этнического происхождения, живущую в иноэтническом окружении за пределами
своей исторической родины (или своего этноса) и имеющую социальные институты для
развития и функционирования" (Чаптыкова 1997: 5).
akademiur kvlevebs diasporis sakiTxze safuZveli Caeyara XX
saukunis meore naxevarSi da, ZiriTadad, exeboda im droisaTvis cnobil
2
istoriul movlenebs. maT ricxvs miekuTvneboda ebrauli diaspora:
israelis saxelmwifos Seqmnis Semdeg misi teritoriis gareT darCenili
ebrauli mosaxleoba. afrikuli diaspora: afrikis kontinentidan
gayvanili monebis STamomavalni. irlandiuri diaspora: politikuri
Seviwroebisa Tu ekonomikuri pirobebis gamo irlandiidan milionobiT
devnili.
XX saukunis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebeli iyo eTnikur
devnilTa masobrivi talRebi omebis, ekonomikuri krizisebis, Sovinizmisa
da rasizmis pirobebSi. imave saukunis pirvel naxevarSi aseTi moZraobebi
iyo evropaSi, aziasa da CrdiloeT afrikaSi. devnilTa didma nawilma
amerikis kontinents Seafara Tavi, riTac saTave daudo Tanamedrove
diasporebis warmoqmnas. im xalxebs Soris, romelTac es procesi yvelaze
metad Seexo, aRsaniSnavia:
1. somxebi _ 1880-1910 wlebSi somxebiT dasaxlebul teritoriebze
osmaleTis imperiis mier gatarebuli genocidis politikis gamo;
2. ebraelebi da boSebi _ meore msoflio omis wlebSi maT
winaaRmdeg ganxorcielebuli genocidis politikis gamo;
3. ruseTis imperiis xalxebi _ ruseTis revoluciebisa da stalinis
epoqis masobrivi migraciis gamo;
4. germanelebi _ meore msoflio omis Semdeg yofili germaniis
imperiis ganapira regionebidan maTi gadasaxlebis gamo;
5. polonelebi _ meore msoflio omis Semdeg kerzonis xazis
farglebSi poloneTis saxelmwifos formirebis gamo;
6. samxreT-aRmosavleT azielebi _ meore msoflio omisa da vietnamis
omis Sedegad am regionidan gandevnili mosaxleoba;
7. palestinelebi _ 1948 wels arabul-ebrauli omis Sedegad
gandevnili mosaxleoba.
e. w. civi omis epoqaSi grZeldeboda xalxTa masobrivi migraciebi
konfliqtebis zonebidan, gansakuTrebiT, mesame samyarodan, romelic
3
moicavda afrikas, samxreT da centralur amerikas, axlo aRmosavleTsa
da samxreT azias.
komunisturi sistemis rRvevam da ssrk-is daSlam, rasac Tan mohyva
socialur-ekonomiuri pirobebis sagrZnobi gauareseba, gamoiwvia
migraciebis axali talRa, romelTa Soris qarTvelebic arian.
istoriis mixedviT, saqarTvelodan migraciis procesebi
ganpirobebuli iyo kulturuli, politikuri, socialuri da sxv.
mizezebiT.
e. w. kulturuli emigracia dakavSirebuli iyo qarTveli xalxis
kulturul-saganmanaTleblo da religiur moRvaweobasTan qveynis
farglebs gareT: palestinaSi, siriaSi, saberZneTSi, bulgareTSi da
sxvagan. am emigraciis Sedegad aRmocenda qarTuli kulturis uZvelesi
kerebi sazRvargareT.
politikuri emigracia dakavSirebuli iyo saqarTvelos, rogorc
saxelmwifos, tragediasTan da igi ramdenime talRas moicavs:
pirveli mravalricxovani emigracia, rodesac saqarTvelo
inteleqtualurad TiTqmis daicala, iyo vaxtang VI-is dros, 1724 wels.
vaxtang VI 1000-kaciani amaliT wavida samSoblodan (maT Soris iyvnen:
sulxan-saba orbeliani, vaxuSti batoniSvili da mravali sxv.) da arc
erTi maTgani ukan ar dabrunebula.
meore emigracia 1801 wels ukavSirdeba, rodesac qarTl-kaxeTis
samefo gaauqma aleqsandre pirvelma da gasca brZaneba, rom bagrationTa
samefo ojaxis arc erTi wevri ar darCeniliyo saqarTveloSi, raTa
monarqiis aRdgena SeuZlebeli yofiliyo. amitom aleqsandre
batoniSvili sparseTSi gadaixvewa da iqve gardaicvala. sparseTSive
gadaixvewa Teimuraz bagrationic, magram Semdeg igi iZulebuli gaxda,
rusebs Cabareboda, ris Semdegac peterburgSi gadaasaxles. cnobilia,
rom solomon II 1811 wels trapizonSi gadaixvewa da iqve gardaicvala da
sxv.
4
mesame didi politikuri emigracia 1921 wlis Teberval-martSi
ganxorcielda. damoukidebeli saqarTvelos mTavroba baTumSi Cavida da
iqedan gasulma gemma gaiyvana rogorc politikosebi, aseve mecnierebi,
mwerlebi da sxv. devnilma politikosebma ZiriTadad safrangeTs
(nawilobriv ingliss) Seafares Tavi, generalitetma da samxedro pirebma
_ poloneTs.
meoTxe politikuri emigracia 1991-1992 wlebSi ganviTarebuli
movlenebis Sedegad kanonieri xelisuflebis samxedro gadatrialebis
gziT damxobam gamoiwvia. amgvarad aRmoCndnen saqarTvelos pirveli
prezidentis, zviad gamsaxurdias, xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi
sxvadasxva qveyanaSi: ruseTSi (maT Soris, CeCneTSi), ukrainaSi, fineTSi,
germaniaSi, poloneTSi, safrangeTSi, holandiaSi, aSS-Si. maTma
mniSvnelovanma nawilma am qveynebSi politikuri TavSesafari miiRo.
ukanasknel aTwleulSi ganxorcielebul emigracias ufro metad
socialuri xasiaTi hqonda, risi mizezic gaxda saqarTveloSi
politikuri krizisi, eTnokonfliqtebTan da gardamaval etapTan
dakavSirebuli socialur-ekonomikuri problemebi. oficialuri
statistikis Tanaxmad, ssrk-is daSlis win qarTvelTa 97% Tavis
samSobloSi cxovrobda da, amdenad, msoflioSi erT-erT yvelaze
„konsolidirebul“ erad iTvleboda. XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi
emigraciuli dineba saqarTvelodan yvelaze Zlieri iyo. mwerali da
publicisti jemal qarCxaZe aRniSnuli procesis Sesaxeb werda:
`emigracia rom sul ufro masobriv xasiaTs iRebs, es upatrono qveynis
tragediaa da am tragediaSi yvelaze nakleb is aris damnaSave, vinc
emigraciaSi midis~ (qarCxaZe 2005: 159). sxvadasxva monacemiT, am periodSi
qveynidan gavida naxevari milionidan milionamde Cveni Tanamemamule
(http://ka.wikipedia.org/) da, unda iTqvas, rom globalizaciis fonze es
procesi Seuqcevadia.
sabWoTa sistemis ngrevis Sedegad e. w. N`nacionaluri diaspora~
Tavdapirvelad postsabWoTa sivrcis qveynebSi gaCnda: "Объединенные ранее
5
единым институтом советского гражданства в настоящее время диаспоры самими
реалиями суверенного развития независимых стран поставлены перед необходимостью
найти собственную нишу в социокультурной среде принявшего государства, осознать
себя меньшинством по сравнению с коренным этносом, пройти нелегкие стадии
социальной эмансипации для того, чтобы противостоять ассимиляции и сохранить связи с
исторической родиной и приверженность национальной самобытности.
Одновременно национальная диаспора становится естественным мостом в
строительстве международных отношений нового уровня, поскольку именно она
выступает важнейшим объектом и активно действующим субъектом контактов стран -
родителей и их культур" (Чаптыкова 1997: 21).
dReisaTvis msoflios mraval qveyanaSi arsebobs qarTuli diaspora.
ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis didi nawili aqtiurad aris CarTuli
mimRebi qveynis sazogadoebriv da politikur cxovrebaSi, amave dros,
iRvwis qarTuli kulturis ganviTarebisaTvis.
aRsaniSnavia e. w. istoriuli diasporebi: azerbaijanis respublikaSi
_ ingiloebi; iranis islamur respublikaSi _ fereidnelebi; TurqeTis
respublikaSi _ gurjebi, lazebi, qarTveli muhajirebis STamomavlebi.
aRniSnuli eTnikuri jgufebi ZiriTadad sakuTar istoriul
teritoriaze cxovroben (garda fereidnelebisa), swored amitom
vuwodebT maT istoriul diasporas da ara _ emigrants (anu pirs,
`romelic tovebs Tavisi moqalaqeobis an mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgilis
qveyanas da sacxovreblad miemgzavreba sxva saxelmwifoSi~ _ leqsikoni
1973: 178)
gaeros 1948 wlis adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia (27-e
muxli) da 1966 wlis saerTaSoriso paqti samoqalaqo da politikur
uflebaTa Sesaxeb (me-12 muxli, me-2 punqti) aRiarebs ,,yoveli adamianis
uflebas, datovos nebismieri qveyana, maT Soris, sakuTaric“. es ufleba
kanonis safuZvelze SeiZleba SeizRudos imisaTvis, rom dacul iqnes
saxelmwifo saidumloeba da usafrTxoeba, sazogadoebrivi wesrigi,
mosaxleobis janmrTeloba da zneoba an sxva uflebebi da
Tavisuflebebi.
6
mizanSewonilad migvaCnia SevexoT `tolerantobis~ sakiTxsac,
ramdenadac ucxo garemoSi Tavad socio-kulturuli Tvisobriobis
matarebeli sazRvargareT myofi adamiani sakmarisi safuZvelia imisaTvis,
rom arsebobdes `konfliqti~ _ (laT. tolerantia _ moTmena, Sewynareba, atana,
daSveba). xSir SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli terminis qarTuli Sesatyvisebi
adamianis an sociumis romelime uaryofiT gamovlenasa da mxares exeba,
romelsac iTmenen aucileblobis gamo, iwyaleben, patioben an nebas
rTaven: "Способность живого организма воспринимать, положительно реагируя, какой-
либо препарат. И потому нередко в толкованиях феномена эамечается недопустимое
сблжение его смысла с понятием плюрализма. Между тем плюрализм в сфере политики
представляет собой только лишь фундамент толерантного мышления" (Корконосенко
2004: 132-133).
,,tolerantobis principebis deklaraciiT~ (romelsac 1995 wlis 16
noembers parizSi iuneskos wevri 185 saxelmwifos mier moewera xeli) _
tolerantoba niSnavs: `Cveni samyaros mdidari kulturuli
mravaferovnebis, TviTgamoxatvis formebisa da adamianuri
individualobis gamovlenis SesaZleblobebis pativiscemas, miRebasa da
marTebul gagebas. mas esaWiroeba codna, Riaoba, urTierToba, azris,
sindisisa da rwmenis Tavisufleba. tolerantoba _ esaa Tavisufleba
mravalferovnebaSi. igi ara mxolod moraluri movaleobaa, aramed
politikuri da samarTlebrivi moTxovnac. tolerantoba _ SesaZlebels
xdis mSvidobas da SeuZlia Secvalos omis kultura mSvidobis
kulturiT~. qarTveli filosofosi merab mamardaSvili Tavis erT-erT
gamosvlaSi saubrobs vnebaTa donis Taobaze, romelic, misi TqmiT,
istoriul simboloTa donea. igi am doneze ganixilavs sityva `afxazeTs~,
romelic `saqarTvelos~ sinonimia: `es aris sinonimi, vimeoreb, im
simbolikis farglebSi, romelSic ers axsovs Tavisi warmoSoba, axsovs
pirobebi, roca iqmneboda saxelmwifoebrioba da roca, mTeli rigi
istoriuli mizezebis gamo, is, vinc Tavis Tavs afxazs uwodebda,
qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis Senebis erT-erTi monawile iyo. amasTan,
7
qarTulenovani monawile... amitomac, uTxra qarTvels, rom afxazeTs
SeuZlia gavides saqarTvelodan (me ganvmartav vnebis struqturas da ara
realobas) _ es daaxloebiT igivea, rom uTxra: saqarTvelo gavides
Tavisi Tavidan. an vityvi kidev ufro mkveTrad: es igivea, rom xars
cxvirwin ufrialebde wiTel naWers, mere ki gikvirdes, rom xari aseTi
arademokratiulia~ (mamardaSvili 2007: 24). migvaCnia, rom am konteqstiT
saubari zogadad diasporis adgilsamyofel qveynebSi dominant
mosaxleobasTan adaptaciis procesis Sesaxebac SeiZleba.
ucxo sityvaTa leqsikonSi termini „konfliqti“ ganmartebulia
rogorc „mopirdapire ZalTa, sawinaaRmdego interesTa, SexedulebaTa
Sexla-Semoxla, seriozuli uTanxmoeba, ganxeTqileba. saerTaSoriso
urTierTobaTa gamwvaveba, rasac zogjer mosdevs SeiaraRebuli Setakeba“
(leqsikoni 1973: 254).
sazogadoeba erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli da erTmaneTze
damokidebuli nawilebisagan Sedgeba. is, rac funqciuria sistemis erTi
nawilisaTvis, disfunqciuria meorisaTvis da piriqiT. zogadad, eTnikuri
jgufis ucxo garemoSi sruli integracia, _ an Tundac asimilacia, _
marcxiT sruldeba, radgan individualizmisa da TviTmyofadobis
SenarCunebisaTvis aucilebeli piroba aris winaaRmdegoba, Sesabamisad,
„konfliqts“ mxolod uaryofiTi datvirTva ar aqvs, aramed jgufis
Semkvrelis funqciac akisria.
`diaspora~ TavisdaTavad ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi Cveni Tanamemamulis
fsiqologiur tips gulisxmobs. ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi
Tanamemamuleebisagan samSoblos dakargva/samSoblodan Sors yofna
meobisa da adamianobis dakargvad aRiqmeba; e. w. hibriduli identobebi,
transnacionalizmi, liminaruli (sasazRvro) kultura sociologiur
faqtorad ukve iqca (asociacia 2009: 22). diaspora, masTan dakavSirebuli
markerebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ZiriTadad adamianTa kulturul identobas
aRwevs.
8
`identoba~ laTinuri warmoSobis terminia da niSnavs igiveobas
(leqsikoni 1973: 187). qarTvel filosofoss, merab mamardaSvils, miaCnda,
rom `adamiani iwyeba Rirsebidan da mas mxolod sakuTari Rirsebis
gavliT SeuZlia WeSmaritad gaacnobieros Tavi ama Tu im eris Svilad!
qarTveloba ar aris biologiuri mocemuloba – es aris neba, iyo
qarTveli, neba ki rainduli Rirsebis fenomenia da me Tu ara maqvs is,
ramdenic ar unda inebos erma Tu berma, me verc kaci viqnebi da verc
qarTveli!~ (mamardaSvili 1998: ).
samSoblo, imavdroulad, dReisaTvis identobis CamoyalibebaSi
garkveulwilad warmoadgens politikur-samarTlebriv faqtorsac.
samSoblo aris sivrce, romlis farglebSic moqmedebs arsebuli
saxelmwifos suvereniteti: konstitucia da sxvadasxva tipis
sakanonmdeblo aqtebi, romlebic saerTo da savaldebuloa yvela im
adamianisTvis, romelic saqarTvelos moqalaqea. Sesabamisad, maT
uCndebaT garkveuli gansakuTrebuli grZnoba da valdebuleba, romlebic
mxolod konkretul sivrceSi aris gavrcelebuli. am kuTxiT sainteresoa
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo politika, romelic samarTlebrivad aerTianebs
msoflios sxvadasxva qveyanaSi mcxovreb sakuTar moqalaqeebs da maT
saxelmwifosTan identifikaciis saSualebas aZlevs (ormagi
moqalaqeobisa da ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi TanamemamuleebisaTvis statusis
gansazRvris sakiTxi), enobrivi TvalsazrisiT gaerTianeba (sakvirao
skolebis funqcionirebisa da erTiani erovnuli saswavlo programis
Tema), religiuri faqtori (samrevloebi), ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT
(sazRvargareT moRvawe Tanamemamule biznesmenebi adgilsamyofel
qveynebSi saqarTvelos savaWro-samrewvelo palatis sapatio
warmomadgenlebi arian) da sxv.
entoni duglas smiTi 2007 wels gamocemul naSromSi `nacionaluri
identoba~ ganixilavs, Tu ras warmoadgens mTlianobaSi es sakiTxi da
asaxelebs Semdeg komponentebs: istoriuli teritoria anu samSoblo;
saerTo miTebi da istoriuli mexsiereba; saerTo sazogadoebrivi
9
maskultura; yvela wevrisaTvis saerTo samarTlebrivi
uflebamovaleobani; saerTo ekonomika mis wevrTaTvis teritoriuli
mobilurobis uzrunvelyofiT. ukanaskneli ori elementi mniSvnelovania
nacionaluri identobis, ufro zustad, samoqalaqo/dasavluri identobis
CamoyalibebaSi. smiTi erTmaneTisagan ganasxvavebs dasavlur da
aRmosavlur nacionalur identobebs; dasavlur da aRmosavlur
nacionalzms gamohyofs, rogorc samoqalaqosa da eTnikurs (smiTi 2007:
15). aRniSnuli kvlevis mixedviT, qarTuli nacionaluri identoba
aRmosavluri nacionalizmis maxasiaTlebs Seicavs, Tumca, saxelmwifos
mxridan SeiniSneba dasavluri/samoqalaqo tendenciebis gaRvivebis
mcdeloba.
diaspora sakuTar TavSi gulisxmobs patriotizms, Tumca aqve unda
aRvniSnoT, rom sazogadoebis Sexeduleba diasporis warmomadgenelTa
`mtkice patriotizmis~ Taobaze araerTgvarovania. erTni miiCneven, rom
zogadad diasporis warmomadgeneli sazogadoebis gaorebuli, aramyari,
arasando, arasaimedo nawilia saxelmwifoebrivi poziciisaTvis
(igulisxmeba rogorc warmoSobis, ise mimRebi qveyana). ilia WavWavaZis
SexedulebiT, `Tu adamians Tavisi vinaoba ararad miaCnia, maSin im
adamianSi adamianuri raRaa? dro gamoicvleba, dro mova, roca Tavisis
vinaobidan gadamdgari kaci yvelasagan Serisxuli iqneba, rogorc
uRirsi, TiTon imaTganac ki, vinc axla sixaruliT amisTana kacs
Seikedlebs xolme da uloloebs. dro mova, roca yvelasaTvis cxadi
iqneba, rogorc orjer-ori, rom Tu kaci Tavisas gaudga, sxvisas ver
uerTgulebs. es WeSmariteba dRes cotam icis da xvale bevrs ecodineba,
da maSin vai Tavis vinaobazed gulacruebuls, gulgrils da
xelaRebuls!~ (WavWavaZe 1991: amonaridi 1882 wlis martis `Sinauri
mimoxilvidan~).
sazogadoebis dinamikuri ganviTareba pasuxismgeblobasac
gulisxmobs. xSir SemTxvevaSi, pirovnebis Rirebulebebi zewolas ver
uZlebs da adamiani marginalizaciis safrTxis winaSe dgas. swored am
10
dros sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania eTnikuri identifikacia rogorc
individualizmis SenarCunebis saSualeba. ucxo garemoSi myofi
adamianisaTvis TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebis saqmeSi „maSveli rgolis“
funqcias e. w. eTno-saidentifikacio atributebi _ saTvistomo, religia,
folkloruli jgufebi, sakvirao skolebi, mediasaSualebebi,
nacionaluri samzareulo _ asrulebs. aseTis ararsebobis pirobebSi
gvxvdeba monaTesave eTnosaidentifikacio atributebiT sargeblobis
SemTxvevebic (regionaluri asocireba; mag., qarTveli _ kavkasia).
ucxo garemoSi myof migrants sakuTar eTnikur jgufSi Tavis
damkvidrebis Semdeg sxva erovnul umciresobebTan urTierTobis survili
uCndeba. Semdgom etapze adamianis nacionaluri imuniteti gaZlierebulia
da dominant eTnosTan kavSirsac ar ufrTxis. zog SemTxvevaSi
adgilsamyofeli saxelmwifo eTnikur umciresobebTan erTad
integraciis procesSia (mag., estoneTi postsabWoTa qveyana iyo, xolo
amJamad evrokavSiris wevria _ evrointegraciis procesi). sakuTari
identobis dadgenisas zogierTi adamiani individualuri Tavisuflebis
ideiT gamoirCeva da Sereuli ojaxis sakiTxsac dadebiTad afasebs.
Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi adamianis nacionaluri TviTaRiareba
safuZvelia Tavisi eTnikuri warmomavlobis Sesaxeb msjelobisa e. w. Free
Choice. adamianis cnobiereba nacionaluri mikuTvnilobisaTvis
ganmsazRvreli xdeba.
demokratiuli qveynebi adamianis nacionaluri TviTgamorkvevis
uflebas aRiareben da eTnikur umciresobebs socialur uflebebs
aniWeben, rac samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebis sawindaria. aq
eTnikuri TviTidentifikaciis sakiTxebis regulacias adamianis uflebaTa
sayovelTao deklaraciiT gansazRvruli wesebiT aRweven.
(TviTregulaciis SemTxvevebi evropis qveynebSic gvxvdeba: mag., estoneTis
respublikis mosaxleobis 28% erovnebiT rusia. aRniSnuli erovnuli
umciresoba saxelmwifoSi nacionalur aqtivobebs avlens da erTgvar
11
safrTxes qmnis, Sesabamisad, estoneTSi kanoniT mxolod finelebisa da
Svedebis kulturul avtonomias aRiareben).
samoqalaqo integraciis politika gulisxmobs iseTi garemos Seqmnas,
romelSic eTnikuri jgufebis warmomadgenlebi aqtiurad da Tavisuflad
monawileoben sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, saxelmwifos marTvaSi,
materialuri da kulturuli faseulobebis SeqmnaSi; romelSic eTnikuri
jgufis warmomadgeneli aris sazogadoebis srulfasovani wevri,
daculia misi erovnuli identobis, TviTgamorkvevis ufleba. aRniSnulis
sawinaaRmdego qmedeba iwvevs nacionalisturi, qsenofobiuri,
Sovinisturi garemos Seqmnas da aferxebs sazogadoebis ganviTarebas.
monoeTnikuri qveynebis damokidebuleba nacionaluri jgufebis
mimarT asimilaciur xasiaTs atarebs, rac xSirad istoriis
mizanmimarTul gayalbebasac gulisxmobs. mag., zogierTi azerbaijaneli
mecnieri cdilobs, sakuTar teritoriaze mcxovreb eTnikur qarTvelebsa
da iq arsebul qarTul xuroTmoZRvrul Zeglebs albanuri warmomavloba
mouZebnos; iranisa da TurqeTis SemTxveva, rodesac saxelmwifo
politika zRudavs eTnikuri identobis kvlevas da aRiarebs mxolod
religiur identifikacias.
demokratiul da arademokratiul qveynebSi gansxvavebulia
nacionaluri identobis sakiTxisadmi midgoma:
demokratiuli qveynebi aRiareben adamianis nacionaluri
TviTgamorkvevis uflebas, cdiloben eTnikuri identifikaciis e. w.
`atributebis~ (saTvistomo, eklesia, folkloruli jgufebi, sakvirao
skolebi, mediasaSualebebi, nacionaluri samzareulo) gamoyenebiT,
sakuTar qveyanaSi mcxovreb diasporebs SeunarCunon TviTmyofadoba da
sazogadoebaSi maTi integracia moaxdinon. saxelmwifo zrunavs,
eTnikur umciresobebs mianiWos socialuri uflebebi, rac,
upirvelesad, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebas ukavSirdeba.
adamiani sazogadoebis srulfasovan wevrad rom Camoyalibdes, daculi
unda iyos misi erovnuli identobis, TviTgamorkvevis ufleba,
12
winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, vimeorebT, yalibdeba nacionalisturi,
qsenofobiuri, Sovinisturi garemo, romelic sazogadoebis
ganviTarebas aferxebs.
samwuxarod, monoeTnikuri mimarTulebis mqone, arademokratiuli
qveynebi aqcents kvlavac asimilaciaze akeTeben.
eTnikuri identobis Sesaxeb saubrisas mxedvelobaSi unda viqonioT
„marginaluri“ adamiani, romlis faseulobebi da qcevis wesebi ar
Tavsdeba romelime sivrceSi da sxvadasxva kulturas Soris gardamaval
safexurs warmoadgens.
istoriuli diasporis istoriul da oficialur samSoblosTan
gaucxoeba rTul, xelovnuri TviTidentifikaciis formebs iZens. mag., 1989
wlis mosaxleobis saerTo-sakavSiro aRwerisas azerbaijanSi, belaqansa
da zaqaTalas raionebSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis 95% eTnikur jguf
„ingilod“ Caewera. TurqeTSi lazebi Tavs individualur eTnikur
jgufad miiCneven...
azerbaijansa da TurqeTis respublikaSi Cveni Tanamemamuleebi,
ZiriTadad, sasazRvro zolSi kompaqturad mosaxleoben anu
warmomavlobis qveynis, Tanamemamule eTnosis uSualo mezoblebi arian.
sakuTar istoriul teritoriaze cxovroben, mikroregionis avtoxtonur
mosaxleobas warmoadgenen da aq dominirebulni arian. isini saxelmwifos
saerTo mosaxleobis arcTu umniSvnelo nawils warmoadgenen,
SenarCunebuli aqvT tradiciebi, kultura, ena, TviTSegneba, TviTwodeba
(qarTveli) da sxvaTawodeba (ingilo). zog SemTxvevaSi regionis
mmarTveloba eTnikurobiT ganisazRvreba. swored am niSnebiT Cveni
Tanamemamuleebi iredentistul/inoeTnikur sazogadoebas warmoadgenen,
rac sakuTar TavSi iredentistuli xasiaTis konfliqts gulisxmobs
(iredentistuli konfliqti _ eTnikurad monaTesave mosaxleobisa da
sasazRvro teritoriis gaerTianebis survili. mag., samaCablos
konfliqti). amgvari konfliqtis gaRvivebis nebismier gamovlinebas
saxelmwifoebi gansakuTrebuli sifrTxiliT ekidebian. adgilsamyofeli
13
saxelmwifoebi, xSir SemTxvevaSi, istoriuli diasporis xelovnur
migraciul procesebs _ qveynis SigniT Tu istoriul samSobloSi _ xels
uwyoben. bunebrivia, muslimur qveynebSi religiur faqtors
gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs.
saxelmwifo usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT, rogorc istoriul, ise
oficialur samSobloSi istoriuli diasporis warmomadgenlebi
gaorebul, gaucxoebul, arasando elementebad miiCnevian.
fereidneli qarTvelebi iranis islamur respublikaSi eTno-
kulturul jgufs warmoadgenen. maTi kavSiri saqarTvelosTan istoriul
maxsovrobasa da mSobliur enazea dafuZnebuli.
samSoblosTan mimarTebaSi istoriuli diasporis warmomadgenelTa
fsiqikuri struqtura msgavsia, rac gansakuTrebuli damokidebulebiT,
mZafri nostalgiiT, adgilsamyofel qveynebSi dominant eTnosTan
fsiqologiuri winaaRmdegobiT, izolaciiT (mag., eTnikur jgufSi Sida
qorwineba) xasiaTdeba.
aRniSnuli diasporebi eTnosSorisi urTierTobis Camoyalibebis
istoriis nawilad rCeba. maTi aqtivoba erovnul-kulturul moZraobebs
ar scildeba. es nacionaluri jgufebi mezobel qveynebs Soris
dambalansebel, saxalxo diplomatiis wyaros warmoadgenen.
dRes migraciuli procesebis dinamikuroba bi-kulturis matarebel
individs ukve aRar gulisxmobs; esaa sam, oTx kulturas naziarevi
adamiani multikulturuli cnobierebiT. evropasa da aSS-Si migraciaSi
myofi adamianisaTvis individualuri Tavisuflebis idea araxalia.
mecnierebi varaudoben, rom saukunis SuaxanebSi did evropul qveynebSi
warmoSobiT ucxouri mosaxleoba iqneba mTeli mosaxleobis 20-32%.
gansakuTrebiT sagangaSod aRiqmeba Sereuli ojaxebis sakiTxi. „2050
wlisTvis holandielTa 29%-is, sul mcire, erTi mSobeli ucxoeTSi
iqneba dabadebuli. zogi maTgani evropuli qveynebidan iqneba mosuli,
magram umravlesoba, daaxloebiT 2,8 milioni anu holandiis
mosaxleobis 17%, warmoSobiT aradasavleli iqneba“, _ wers frangi
14
mkvlevari, bernard liuisi. Sereuli ojaxebis sakiTxi gansakuTrebiT
mcire erebis demografiuli mdgomareobisTvisaa saxifaTo.
saqarTvelodan evropasa da aSS-Si migraciis axali talRa gasuli
saukunis 90-ian wlebs ukavSirdeba. sabWoTa sistemis ngrevam da,
Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSi Seqmnilma ekonomikurma, politikurma krizisma
mosaxleobis umravlesoba SromiT migrantad aqcia; saqarTvelodan
gavida e. w. inteleqtualuri resursi. bunebrivia, migraciis procesi
rTuli iyo...
mkvlevrebi individis ucxo garemoSi damkvidrebis rTul process
„identifikaciis krizisad“ moixsenieben. esaa fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba
_ SiSi sakuTari Tavis Semecnebis SesaZleblobis dakargvis, axal
garemoebasTan Seguebis, axali moTxovnebisaTvis fexis awyobis, Zveli
Sexedulebebis cvlilebis gamo. adamianis SemecnebaSi msoflios suraTi
maqsimalurad transformirdeba. TandaTan SeuZlebeli xdeba, icxovros
sazogadoebaSi da iyos sazogadoebisagan Tavisufali. sulierad
gadarCenisTvis mTavaria, adamianma SeZlos adaptacia da Semdeg
integracia. integrirebul adamians fsiqologebi xSirad Homo Perfectus-
adac moixsenieben. adaptacia individualizmis SenarCunebasac
gulisxmobs. am dros sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania sulieri kavSirebis
gaRrmaveba warmoSobis qveyanasTan, rasac zemoxsenebuli eTno-
saidentifikacio atributebi axorcielebs.
migraciuli procesebis kvlevisas ikveTeba ramdenime tipis
fsiqologiuri problema, romelsac adamiani ucxoobaSi ganicdis:
• migracia, rogorc negatiuri cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba.
emigraciis procesis ganmapirobebeli mizezebi, samSoblos datovebis
procesi, xSir SemTxvevaSi, negatiur gamocdilebad yalibdeba.
• Sexvedra axal kulturasTan.
gansxvavebuli kultura migrants aiZulebs, cxovrebis axali wesiT
icxovros, miiRos sxva socialuri normebi, wesebi da qcevis
regulaciebi. am process socio-kulturul adaptacias uwodeben. icvleba
15
yvelaferi: buneba, klimati, tansacmeli, sakvebi, socialuri, ekonomikuri,
fsiqologiuri urTierTobebi, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania enis,
wesebis, tradiciebis, ritualebis, normebisa da Rirebulebebis
cvlileba.
• hipoTeza kulturuli Sokis Sesaxeb.
amerikeli anTropologi k. obergi emigrantebis ucxo qveyanaSi axali
kulturis gacnobis process „kulturul Soks“ uwodebs, radgan
nebismieri adamianisTvis axali kulturis nawilad yofna pirovnebis
dezorganizaciis mizezs warmoadgens.
• „akulturaciis“ stresi.
klinikuri TvalsazrisiT, Rirebulebebisa da normebis dakargva
depresiis formad ganixileba, romelsac depresiuli, paranoiduli da
sxva sagangaSo movlena sdevs Tan.
• migracia, rogorc izolaciis gancda.
am SemTxvevaSi migrantis ganwyobebi da mdgomareoba metwilad
damokidebulia im qveynis xalxze, migraciul politikaze, romelSic
adamiani aris emigrirebuli.
garkveuli drois Semdeg ucxo garemoSi myofi adamianis e. w.
samSoblosTan mijaWvulobis sistemis rRveva iwyeba da yalibdeba e. w.
travmuli mijaWvuloba socialuri sinamdvilis subieqtTan. warmoSobis
qveyanasTan, TanamemamuleebTan gaucxoebuli adamiani sakuTar Tavs
xSirad kosmopolits _ „msoflios moqalaqes“ _ uwodebs.
rodesac diasporuli cnobierebis fsiqologiur aspeqtebze
vsaubrobT, mxedvelobaSi unda gvqondes sakiTxis individualuri gancda,
pirovnebis Camoyalibebis sxva faqtorebi, ganaTleba, socio-kulturuli
warmomavloba, rac safuZvlad edeba emigrantuli cxovrebis aRqmas,
samSoblosTan Sors myofobis gancdas (gansakuTrebuli ganxilvis
sagania iZulebiTi migracia, politikuri devniloba, migracia saomari
moqmedebebis mxare qveyanaSi; aseve, samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdgomi
16
dezorganizeba _ sakuTari niSis dakargvis problema, ucxoobaSi
dabadebuli bavSvebis fsiqologia da sxv.).
dRes diasporis Tema saqarTvelos saxelmwifo politikis
ganuyofeli nawilia. 2007 wels 27 maisi qarTuli diasporis dRed
gamocxadda. diasporis sakiTxebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministris
aparati 2008 wlis 8 Tebervals Seiqmna. unda iTqvas, rom manamde
aRniSnul mimarTulebas iTavsebda ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis,
ucxoeTSi mcxovreb TanamemamuleTa saministro. aRmasrulebeli
xelisuflebis gverdiT saqarTvelos meSvide mowvevis parlamentSi
Seiqmna ucxoeTSi mcxovreb TanamemamuleebTan urTierTobis komiteti
(amJamad _ diasporisa da kavkasiis sakiTxTa komiteti), rac kidev erTxel
adasturebs qarTuli saxelmwifos prioritetTa Soris diasporebTan
urTierTobis mowesrigebisa da gaZlierebis strategias.
saerTaSoriso urTierTobaSi politikosebi diasporis
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iTvaliswineben. isini diasporas
ganixilaven rogorc diplomatiuri balansis saSualebas. aRsaniSnavia,
rom Seswavlil qveynebTan TanamSromlobaSi qarTuli diaspora
mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs.
sadoqtoro naSromSi azerbaijanis, TurqeTis, iranisa da estoneTis
qarTvelebis problemebi Seswavlilia maT mier 1977-2010 wlebSi
gamocemuli periodikisa da nacionaluri mediis safuZvelze.
naSromis geografiuli areali azerbaijans, TurqeTs, iransa da
estoneTs moicavs, paralelisTvis ki, inglisisa da germaniis
qarTvelebis perioduli gamocemebic SeviswavleT. gansaxilveli
periodisTvis aTvlis wertilad istoriuli diasporis _ TurqeTis
qarTvelebis pirveli Jurnalis, `Cveneburis~, gamosvlis TariRi 1977 weli
SevarCieT da 2010 wlamde diasporis mediaaqtivobebi, maT Sesaxeb
momzadebuli publikaciebi ganvixileT. kvleva aRniSnul geografiul
arealsa da periodSi Tanamemamuleebis aqtivobebis, problemebis
sistemuri saxiT Seswavlis pirvel cdas warmoadgens.
17
aRsaniSnavia, rom sadisertacio naSromze muSaobisas enobrivi
barieri gamoikveTa. konkretulad, TurqeTis qarTvelebis mier
gamocemuli perioduli organoebi an Turqulenovania, an orenovani _
Turqul-qarTuli. garda amisa, gasaTvaliswinebelia aRmosavleTis
qveynebis specifika, romelic TavisTavad arTulebs iq zogadad
ucxoenovani, miT umetes, eTnikuri interesebis gamRvivebeli gamocemebis
arsebobas.
naSromSi Tanamemamuleebis mier gamocemuli perioduli organoebis
paralelurad ganxilulia qarTul beWdviT mediaSi gamoqveynebuli
publikaciebi, romlebic zemoaRniSnul qveynebSi mcxovrebi Cveni
Tanamemamuleebis yofa-cxovrebas exeba.
sadisertacio naSromSi sakvlevi qveynebi Seswavlilia
geopolitikur WrilSi, warmodgenilia Tanamemamuleebis problemebi da,
SesaZleblobis farglebSi, am problemebis mogvarebis gzebic isaxeba.
Seswavlilia Semdegi perioduli gamocemebi:
azerbaijani: gazeTi `moambe~, adgilobrivi orenovani gazeTi
`Selale~, `gzajvaredini~, `kaxi~, `sarkmeli~; paralelisaTvis
Seswavlilia gazeTebi: `saqarTvelos respublika~, `axali epoqa~, `Cveni
mwerloba~, `Кавказский Акцент~, `axali hereTi~ da Jurnali `omega~ (2002-
2003); gazeTi `iavnana~, `axali hereTi~ da radio `hereTi~; eleqtronuli
mediasaSualebebi: http://saingilo.ucoz.com/; http://www.infohereti.ge/ .
TurqeTi: Jurnalebi: `Cveneburi~, `firosmani~, `mamuli~, `ogni/ sqani
nena~ (lazuri); gavecaniT eleqtronul media saSualebebs; paralelisa-
Tvis: gazeTi `kviris palitra~, gazeTi `xidi~ da Jurnali `axali xidi~.
irani: `iranis qarTvelebis pirveli sazogadoebriv-kulturuli
Jurnali~, qarTuli radio iranis islamur respublikaSi; paralelisTvis:
saqarTvelo-iranis samecniero kulturul urTierTobaTa TanamSrom-
lobis sazogadoebis mier gamocemuli gazeTi `megobrobis macne~, `kviris
palitra~; informaciis saxiT: saqarTvelos Sesaxeb an fereidneli
18
qarTvelebis mier iranis islamur respublikaSi gamoqveynebuli
literatura; gavecaniT eleqtronul mediasaSualebebs - www.fereidani.ge;
estoneTi _ Jurnali `mamuli~, www.etnoweb.ee da www.lyra.ee.
inglisi _ Jurnali `Tanamemamule~.
germania _ gazeTi `axali iveria~.
yuradReba mivaqcieT radiomauwyeblobasa da internet-gverdebsac.
kvlevis meTodebze saubrisas unda aRvniSnoT, rom naSroms
safuZvlad udevs sakvlev qveynebSi mcxovreb qarTul diasporebTan
mravalwliani muSaoba; Tanamemamuleebis problemebze vmuSaobdi rogorc
praqtikosi Jurnalisti, saxelmwifo moxele, mkvlevari.
ra miznebs emsaxureba sadisertacio naSromi?
• daainteresos saxelmwifo struqturebi saerTaSoriso
TanamSromlobis doneze kvlevis Sedegad qarTul diasporebSi
gamovlenili problematikis mogvarebiT;
• naSromSi Seswavlili Tanamemamuleebis problemebis warmodgena
erTgvari prevenciaa saerTaSoriso urTierTobebSi eTnikuri
uTanxmoebebis Tavidan asarideblad (gansakuTrebiT mezobel
saxelmwifoebTan urTierTobisas);
• gaaaqtiuros saqarTvelos saxelmwifos damokidebuleba qarTuli
diasporuli mediis, rogorc `meoTxe xelisuflebis~ nawilis,
ganviTarebis mimarT;
• moupovos TanamemamuleTa mediaaqtivobebs saxelmwifosgan
mxardaWera;
• aqcios erT-erT mniSnelovan sakiTxad qarTuli nacionaluri
mediisaTvis Tanamemamuleebis, rogorc erTiani erovnuli sivrcis
nawilis, Tema;
• xeli Seuwyos umaRles saswavleblebSi qarTuli diasporuli
Jurnalistikis, rogorc qarTuli Jurnalistikis nawilis, saswavlo
sagnad Setanas.
19
Jurnalistikis istoriis mkvlevrebisaTvis ucxo ar aris diasporis
perioduli gamocemebis Seswavlis tradicia.
ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi moqceuli saqarTvelos gamoxsnisa
da erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis kidev ufro gaZlierebisaTvis
sazRvargareT, kerZod, dasavleT evropaSi (parizi, Jeneva, berlini)
qarTuli Jurnal-gazeTebi gamoicemoda. ase Seiqmna da Camoyalibda e. w.
`revoluciamdeli~ (1873-1918) qarTuli emigrantuli Jurnalistika (gazeTi
`droSa~, redaqtori _ n. nikolaZe, parizi (1873-1874); gazeTi `saqarTvelo~,
redaqtorebi: a. jorjaZe, g. lasxiSvili, T. saxokia. gamomcemeli _ g.
dekanoziSvili; (1903-1905; gamodioda franguladac `La Georgia~); Jurnali
`Tavisufali saqarTvelo~ (1913-1914) Jeneva; `qarTuli gazeTi~ (1916-1918),
redaqtorebi:l. kereseliZe, g. kereseliZe. berlini).
1921 wlis Teberval-martSi bolSevikuri ruseTis mier saqarTvelos
okupaciis Sedegad damoukidebeli saqarTvelos erovnuli mTavroba da
qarTuli politikuri partiebi (social-demokratebi, socialist-
federalistebi, erovnul-demokratebi) iZulebulni gaxdnen, emigraciaSi
wasuliyvnen, sadac gaagrZeles aqtiuri politikuri moRvaweoba
dakarguli damoukideblobis aRsadgenad. Sesabamisad, arseboba ar
Seuwyvetia qarTul emigrantul Jurnalistikasac, romelic saqarTveloSi
gamefebuli samocdaaTwliani komunisturi diqtaturis gamo sruliad
ucnobi iyo qarTveli sazogadoebisaTvis (SaraZe 2001: 103). aRniSnuli
mimarTulebis saxelmZRvanelo gamocemad SeiZleba CaiTvalos guram
SaraZis „qarTuli emigrantuli Jurnalistikis istoria~ (mravaltomeuli)
da sxv.; Tumca istoriuli diasporis mier momzadebuli perioduli
gamocemebi Seswavlili dRemde ar yofila. Cveni Sroma warmoadgens am
sferoSi arsebuli sicarielis Sevsebis cdas. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom
istoriuli diasporis warmomadgenlebi aqtiurad TanamSromlobdnen
saqarTveloSi gamomaval gazeTebTan, aseve xSirad ibeWdeboda
publikaciebi, romlebic exeboda Tanamemamuleebis yofa-cxovrebas
(`iveria~, `droeba~ da sxv.).
20
sazRvargareT mcxovreb qarTvelebSi, eTnikuri identifikaciis
TvalsazrisiT, mediaaqtivobebs gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba.
diasporuli mediaaqtivobebi dinamikurobiT xasiaTdeba _ bolo wlebSi
perioduli gamocemebis nawili saqarTvelos saxelmwifosagan
mxardaWeris molodinSi daixura (mag.: 2008 weli _ gazeTi `axali iveria~,
germania, redaqtori jimSer bedianaSvili; 2010 wlamde iarseba Jurnalma
`Tanamemamulem~, inglisi, redaqtori zaza mesxi; 2010 weli - Jurnali
`firosmani~, TurqeTi, redaqtori fahreTin CiloRlu (farna-beqa
CilaSvili). rasakvirvelia, qarTuli diasporis ZalisxmeviT amJamad
msoflios mraval qveyanaSi arsebobs perioduli gamocemebi: gazeTi
„elada“, saberZneTi, redaqtori ana yurSaviSvili; gazeTi „iveria“,
somxeTi, redaqtori naira WoveliZe; gazeTi `mamuli~, aSS, redaqtor-
gamomcemeli manuCar kaWaxiZe; Jurnali „qarTuli~, germania, mTavari
redaqtori nino xabelaSvili; Jurnali „saqarTvelo~, ukraina, beso
Samugia; „qarTuli gazeTi“, saberZneTi, nino lursmanaSvili,
eleqtronuli gazeTi „britaneTi“, nodar duglaZe da sxv.; amasTanave,
SeiniSneba diasporis aqtivoba eleqtronul mediaSi.
rogoria saqarTvelos saxelmwifo politika diasporuli mediis
mimarT da gulisxmobs Tu ara diasporaSi masobrivi komunikaciis
saSualebebis xelSewyobas?
2008-2009 wlebSi diasporis sakiTxebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo
ministris aparatma Jurnalebis _ „Tanamemamule“ (inglisi), „Ein blick
Georgian“ (germania) da sxv. _ ramdenime nomeri daafinansa. aRniSnul
periods emTxveva aparatis veb-gverdis _ www.diaspora.gov.ge _
srulyofisaTvis mimarTuli muSaoba. aparatis iniciativiT momzadda
eleqtronuli Jurnali „diasporis macne“ (sul oTxi nomeri).
2010 wels diasporis sakiTxebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministris
aparatma internet teqnologiebze SeaCera yuradReba, kerZod, aparatma
internetteleviziasTan www.itv.ge TanamSromlobis memorandumi gaaforma.
aparatis iniciativiT Seiqmna TanamemamuleebisTvis socialuri qseli
21
www.iamgeorgian.com. Seicvala aparatis oficialuri veb-gverdis
struqtura.
2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Sedegad xelisuflebaSi opozicia
movida. jerjerobiT rTulia visaubroT diasporisa da, kerZod, diaspo-
ruli mediis mimarT axali xelisuflebis damokidebulebis Sesaxeb.
qarTuli diasporuli mediis ganviTarebis koncefcia
qarTuli diasporuli media, rogorc erTiani erovnuli sivrcis
Semadgeneli, rogorc eTno-saidentifikacio atributi, rogorc `meoTxe
xelisuflebis~ sazRvargareTuli nawili, rogorc sazRvargareT mimobne-
uli Tanamemamuleebis Semkvreli da ideologiuri mimarTulebis mimcemi,
aucileblad unda iyos mxardaWerili saqarTvelos saxelmwifosgan.
aRniSnuli kuTxiT mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia:
• qarTuli diasporuli media ganviTardes erTiani erovnuli mediis
farglebSi, moeqces erovnul sainformacio qselSi, diasporis Sesaxeb
momzadebuli gadacemebisaTvis sainformacio badeSi gamoiyos dro. mks-s
daematos specialuri diasporuli CanarTebi, moxdes TanamSromlobis
sistematizacia da optimizacia.
• saqarTveloSi Seiqmnas diasporuli mediis kvlevis centri,
qarTuli diasporuli gamocemebis ruka. mniSvnelovania TanamSromloba
migraciis kvleviT adgilobriv da saerTaSoriso jgufebTan,
personaliebTan, akademiuri wreebis warmomadgenlebTan. √
• gaviziaroT estoneTis gamocdileba da qarTuli diasporisaTvis
momzaddes (mag., www.etnoweb.ee-s msgavsi) erTiani eleqtronuli gverdi,
sadac Tanamemamuleebi Tavad gaaSuqeben saTvistomoebis RonisZiebebs.
mediaaqtivobebiT dainteresebul Tanamemamuleebs SevTavazoT
Jurnalistikis samoqalaqo (optimaluri) kursi.
SeniSvna: istoriul diasporaSi, aseve im qveynebSi, sadac SromiTi
migrantebi gvyavs, saxelmwifom beWdviT gamocemebs gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba unda miaqcios, radgan socialuri ganviTarebis done aseT
sazogadoebebSi ZiriTadad dabalia da Cveni Tanamemamuleebi
22
globalizaciis miRwevebs (informaciuli teqnologiebis ganviTareba)
fexs ver uwyoben an xSir SemTxvevaSi eleqtronuli saSualebebi
dablokilia (iranis islamuri respublika). sasurvelia, muslimur
garemocvaSi myofi qarTvelebis eTnikuri identifikacia kulturis,
ganaTlebisa da sazogadoebriv sferoebSi mainc moxdes. samwuxaroa, rom
amJamad arc iranSi, arc azerbaijansa da TurqeTSi qarTvelebis
perioduli gamocemebi realurad ar funqciobs.
ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis perioduli gamocemebis konteqstSi
saubari ZiriTadad eTnikuri narativis Sesaxeb SeiZleba.
ras niSnavs eTnikuri narativi?
is, rac pirovnebisaTvis (avto)biografiaa, faqtobrivad, igivea
eTnikuri jgufisTvis eTnikuri narativi, romelsac presis saSualebiT
ayalibeben amave sazogadoebis warmomadgenlebi. e. w. `konceptualuri
markeri~ diasporul gamocemebSi gulisxmobs: eTnikuri identobisaTvis
brZolas, kulturuli TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebaze zrunvas,
adgilsamyofel qveynebSi sakuTari kulturis wardgenasa da uflebebis
dacvas. bunebrivia, istoriuli diasporis adgilsamyofel qveynebSi es
yovelive rTulad miiRweva, Tumca miiCneva, rom moqmedeba, procesis
mimdinareoba mniSvnelovania.
yvela Taoba sakuTar Jurnalistikas qmnis, Sesabamisad, gamocemebis
organizatorTa aqtivobis xarisxi cvladia, diasporebis ganwyobilebebi
cvalebadia erTi da imave sakiTxebis mimarT, icvleba periodul
organoTa Tematuri Tu formobrivi saxec. aRsaniSnavia, rom Cven mier
ganxiluli organoebi, ZiriTadad, qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiTaa
gamocemuli da paralelis gavleba rTuldeba, magram cxadi xdeba, rom
problemuri sakiTxebis mimarT damokidebuleba, gamocdilebidan
gamomdinare, sustdeba an sulac qreba. azerbaijanSi mcxovrebi
qarTvelebis gamocemebSi, romelTa umravlesoba saqarTveloSi
ibeWdeboda, gasaTvaliswinebelia politikuri arealic _ postsabWoTa
sivrce, ikveTeba pretenziebi adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mimarT, rac ar
23
gvxvdeba iranis islamur respublikasa da TurqeTis qarTvelebis
gamocemebSi. aRniSnul qveynebSi qarTveloba ZiriTadad kulturul
identifikacias axdens, publikaciebi Tu gamocemebic Sesabamisia.
qarTuli saxelmwifo unda iTvaliswinebdes, rom saerTaSoriso
urTierTobebSi istoriuli diaspora (zogadad diaspora) dambalansebel
Zalad rCeba da mniSvnelovania misi kulturuli ganviTarebisaTvis
zrunva. Nnacionaluri diaspora gansakuTrebuli emociuri muxtis
matarebelia da misdami midgoma politikuri koreqtulobis maRali
xarisxiT unda xdebodes.
globalizaciis epoqaSi diaspora gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens;
diaspora _ xidi msofliosTan _ kulturaTa daaxloebis SesaZleblobas
iZleva. qarTuli saxelmwifos mxardaWeriT diaspora qveynis miznebis
ganxorcielebas gaaiolebs.
24
nawili I
hereTi
istoriuli eqskursi
yofili sabWoTa kavSiris xelisuflebis politikam kavkasiaSi
erTa Soris urTierToba gaamwvava da dasabami misca konfliqturi
kerebis warmoSobas. aseTi situaciebi ZiriTadad SeiniSneba
saxelmwifos sasazRvro zolSi. iq, sadac kompaqturad cxovroben
aradominanti eTnosis warmomadgenlebi _ erovnuli umciresoba,
romelic erovnuli SemadgenlobiT enaTesaveba am teritoriis
mosazRvre saxelmwifos mosaxleobas.
eTnikur-teritoriulma winaaRmdegobebma da konfliqtebma,
romlebic amierkavkasiaSi arsebobda meoce saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi
da romelTagan zogierTi bolSevikebma `daakonserves~, zogierTi ki,
piriqiT, kidev ufro gaamwvaves, rTuli formiT wamoyves Tavi sabWoTa
kavSiris daSlis Semdeg. saqarTvelos mier damoukideblobis
mopovebisTanave mis teritoriaze ramdenime cxeli wertili warmoiSva.
ori maTgani (samaCablo da afxazeTi) male SeiaraRebul konfliqtSi
gadaizarda; 2008 wels ki es yvelaferi uSualod ruseT-saqarTvelos
agvistos omiT `dagvirgvinda~. ruseTi interesdeba kavkasiis zogierTi
provinciiT, rac aZlevs modificirebuli imperiis Seqmnis
SesaZleblobas. amave dros, `sust~ eTnoumciresobebs (rogorsac e. w.
`ingiloebi~ warmoadgenen) ar eyrdnoba.
saqarTvelos istoriuli kuTxe _ hereTi _ sabWoTa kavSiris
daSlis Semdeg azerbaijanis respublikis teritoriul
SemadgenlobaSi aRmoCnda. 1921 wels qarTveli moRvaweebi pavle
ingoroyva (ingoroyva 1990; javaxiSvili... 1989; papuaSvili 2008) da
hereTis mcxovrebi giorgi gamxaraSvili Sexvdnen maSindeli revkomis
Tavmjdomares _ sergo orjonikiZes.
moTxovna iyo hereTis istoriul sazRvrebSi dabruneba.
25
orjonikiZis pasuxi: sabWoTa socialisturi respublikebis
kavSiris damyarebiT damkvidrdeba saerTo sazRvrebi, ena da erovneba...
rac Seexeba iuridiul safuZvels, 1921 wlis 5 ivliss q. TbilisSi
Catarda saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanis ssr warmomadgenelTa
konferencia, romelzec garda sasazRvro xazis, yaraiazisa da
eldaris velisa, zaqaTalis olqis sakiTxic ganixiles. dadgenilebis
mixedviT, saqarTvelos ssr uars ambobda pretenziaze zaqaTalas
olqSi. Sesabamis deklaracias xels awerdnen saqarTvelosa da
azerbaijanis revkomTa Tavmjdomareebi filipe maxaraZe da nariman
narimanovi.
aRniSnuli sakiTxi TbilisSi kvlav ganixiles 1921 wlis 8
noembersa da 5 ivlisis gadawyvetileba ZalaSi datoves.
azerbaijanis saxelmwifo statistikis komitetis monacemebiT 1999
wlisaTvis baqoSi, belaqanis, zaqaTalisa da kaxis raionebSi
cxovrobda 14 877 qarTveli. amJamad es ricxvi mniSvnelovnad
Semcirebulia. Semcirebis tendencia gamoiwvia eTnikuri qarTvelebis
socialurma mdgomareobam, romelic gansazRvravs maT SromiT
migracias sazRvargareTis qveynebSi, upirvelesad ki _ saqarTveloSi.
meore mxriv, azerbaijanis statistikis komitetis yvela monacemi am
sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi eWvs badebs, radgan ar Seicavs saingilos
gamahmadianebuli herebis raodenobriv maCvenebels (daaxloebiT 30 000
adamiani), Sesabamisad, qarTvelebis saerTo raodenoba qveynis
mosaxleobis 0,2%-s warmoadgens, riTac jgufi eTnikuri umciresobis
aRmniSvnel zRvars ver laxavs... anu azerbaijans eTnikuri umciresoba
_ qarTveli _ ar hyavs da maTi uflebebis dacvas qveynis xelisufalT
veravin daavaldebulebs.
dRevandeli saingilo saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis sasazRvro sam
raions _ belaqani, zaqaTala, kaxi _ moicavs. istoriuli hereTi Seqis
(igive nuxa) da elises maRalmTian regionsac swvdeboda.
26
herebi iseTive qarTvelebi arian, rogorc kaxeli, qarTleli,
megreli da a.S. istoriul procesebSi herebs `ingilo~ Searqves.
qarTveli moRvawe, hereTis warmomadgeneli mose janaSvili ar
eTanxmeba gavrcelebul mosazrebas, rom `ingilo~ xelaxla moqceuls
niSnavs da igi miaCnia ingirad e. i. egriselad. istorikos m. dumbaZis
versiiT ki, `ingilo~ ewoda lekTa mier damorCilebul-dabegril
qarTvel glexs, amitom is ufro socialuri Sinaarsis terminia, vidre
eTnikuri (dumbaZe 1953) .
asimilaciis tendenciebi dResac aSkarad vlideba... kerZod,
belaqani-zaqaTalas qarTvelebma, romelTac 1959 wels CamoarTves
pasportebi da xuTi Tvis Semdeg daubrunes azerbaijanuli gvarebiT,
gamoTqves survili, aRedginaT mamapapiseuli gvarebi.
2002 wels saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavmjdomare nino burjanaZe
aRniSnul sakiTxze esaubra geidar alievs, romelmac pirad
kontrolze aiyvana problema, gasca gankargulebebi, Tumca
adgilobrivTa mcdeloba uSedego aRmoCnda. oficialur uwyebebSi
aborigen qarTvelebs ganumartes, rom prezidentis gadawyvetilebas
maleve mohyva `cirkularuli werili~, romelmac saqme sawyis
mdgomareobas daubruna. amasTan, problemas qveynebis socialuri
mdgomareobac gansazRvravs, ris gamoc arqivebSi winaparTa gvar-
saxelis moZieba ioli ar aris. yovelives isic erTvis, rom realuri
qmedebisaTvis am saqmis iniciatorTa, gvar-saxelis dabrunebis
momxreTa mtkice gadawyvetilebaa saWiro.
religiur dapirispirebas vxvdebiT ara marto azerbaijanelebTan
mimarTebaSi, aramed TviT qarTvelebSic. belaqani-zaqaTalაs raionებSi
mahmadiani qarTvelebi cxovroben, xolo kaxis raionSi _ qristiani
(marTlmadidebeli) qarTvelebi.
ingilours gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia qarTuli enis
dialeqtTa Soris. ingilouri or kilokavad iyofa: kakurad da
27
aliabadurad. kaxis raionis qarTveloba kakur kilokavze saubrobs,
xolo belaqani-zaqaTalis mcxovrebni _ aliabadurad.
zemoT CamoTvlil gansxvavebaTa gamo kakeli ver hguobs `ingilos~
da Tavs herad miiCnevs.
1989 wlis saerTo-sakavSiro mosaxleobis aRwerisas belaqanisa da
zaqaTalis gamahmadianebul qarTvelTa 95% eTnikur jguf `ingilod~
Caewera (qarTvelebadac Caewernen, magram ara masobrivad). aRniSnul
wamowyebas dResac hyavs momxreni, or ukiduresobas Soris saukeTeso
gamosavlad adgilobrivi qarTvelis `ingilod~ Cawera rom miaCnia.
radgan `ingilo~ socialur terminadaa miCneuli mkvlevrebisagan, is
ar SeiZleba erovnebis aRmniSvneli iyos. xelovnuri
`TviTidentifikacia~ ki mxolod axal problemebs daudebs saTaves.
qveynis dominant mosaxleobasTan religiuri niSniT dapirispireba
vlindeba qurmuxis wm. giorgis saxelobis eklesiis dReobaze _
qurmuxobas, yovel giorgobas, roca albanuri fesvebis maZiebeli
azerbaijanelebi moqalaqeobrivi valis mosaxdelad qristianebTan
erTad modian taZarSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom Zeglis aRdgena-restavracia
2005 wels dasrulda. sxvaTa Soris, azerbaijanis ZeglTa dacvis
komiteti, adgilobrivTa daJinebuli moTxovniT, saqarTvelos
sapatriarqos mier damtkicebuli proeqtiT xelmZRvanelobda.
ramdenime aTeuli welia, zogierTi azerbaijaneli mecnieri
qveynis dasavleTiT mcxovreb eTnikur qarTvelebs istoriuli
albanebis STamomavlebad acxadebs... qarTvelTa xeliT nageb
marTlmadideblur Zeglebs ki albanebis qristianobas ukavSirebs.
marTalia, postsabWour kavkasiaSi sakuTrebis gansazRvris sakiTxi
gadaudebel saqmed iqca da sabWoTa imperiis damgegmavTa politika
regionis konfliqtebiT dasustebas iTvaliswinebda, magram davebis
eTnikur aqcentze gaTvlil strategias kulturis, aRmsareblobis
gayalbebis taqtika Tu mohyveboda, es veravis warmoedgina.
28
hereTis qarTuli marTlmadidebluri Zeglebis Seswavla ramdenime
qarTveli mecnieris: mose janaSvilis, ilia adamias, giorgi
marjaniSvilis (marjaniSvili 2005) saxels ukavSirdeba. miuxedavad
imisa, rom kuTxeSi mimobneuli uamravi religiuri Zegli an
nasaydrali saqarTvelos sapatriarqos ar eqvemdebareba (garda erTisa
_ kaxis wm. giorgis saxelobis mamaTa moqmedi monastrisa),
ganusazRvrelia am uwyebis roli herebs Soris marTlmadideblobis
SenarCunebaSi. hereTis qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis nimuSebis
Tanamedrove fiqsacia ar momxdara, rac arsebul fonze, vfiqrobT,
gangaSis safuZveli unda gaxdes. saxelmwifoTa aRmasrulebel
uwyebebSi es sakiTxi dRis wesrigSi ar dgas da, rogorc Cans, arc
aranairi perspeqtiva uCans. azerbaijanis mier warmoebul politikas
aTvalsaCinoebs bolo periodSi qarTuli kulturis Zeglebze
gaCenili abrebi. TiTqmis yvela Zegls adgilobrivi mecnierebis nawili
I-V saukuneebiT aTariRebs. cxadia, erTi mizniT, V saukunis II
naxevarSi vaxtang gorgasalma sabolood SeierTa dasavleT albaneTis
iberiasTan momijnave sadavo teritoria, istoriuli hereTi. qarTveli
mecnierebi kolegebis mxriv TariRTa mTeli xuTi saukuniT
`daZvelebas~ araprofesionalurs uwodeben. azerbaijanel mkvlevrebs
erTi mniSvnelovani detali gamorCeniaT, kavkasiaSi qristianobis
damkvidreba IV saukunidan iwyeba da manamde qristianuli Zeglis
arseboba warmoudgenelia, miT umetes, im tipisa, rac hereTis
teritoriaze gvxvdeba da, amdenad, maTi `kompetencia~ veraviTar
kritikas ver uZlebs.
azerbaijanis respublikis teritoriaze arsebobs 12 skola,
romlebSic qarTul enaze mimdinareobs swavleba: belaqani _ 1
(Sereuli), zaqaTala _ 4 (oTxive Sereuli), kaxis raioni _ 7 (erTi
Sereuli da erTi cxraklasiani).
saingilos qarTul skolebSi saqarTvelos istoriis, geografiisa
da bunebis swavleba 2001 wlis oqtombridan fakultaturi saaTebis
29
xarjzec ki aikrZala, radgan amierkavkasiis qveynebis istoria Seicavs
urTierTsawinaaRmdego monacemebs da mSobliuri istoriis swavleba
TiToeulisaTvis aramizanSewoniladaa miCneuli.
orive eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebiT dakompleqtebuli
Sereuli komisia didi xania arsebobs; swored mas evaleba ganaTlebis
sakiTxis mogvareba, axali saxelmZRvanelos SemuSaveba, sadac
mSobliuri da `mamobili~ qveynebis interesebi ar ikveTeba.
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministroSi misaRebad
saingilos qarTuli da qvemo qarTlis azerbaijanuli skolebisaTvis,
istoriis saxelmZRvanelos amgvari formati miaCndaT: gverdigverd
erTi epoqis orive qveynis istoria daibeWdos. kavkasiaSi `kavkasiis
istoriis~ saxelmZRvanelos SemuSavebazec fiqroben, romelic
ZiriTadad eTnikuri problemebis mqone regionebis
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi jer gamoicdeba, Semdeg, rogorc
organizatorebi varaudoben, dainergeba. Cveni azriT, `kavkasiis
istoria~, miuxedavad keTili miznisa _ eTnokonfliqtebis
ganeitraleba _ ver ascdeba gayalbebis gzas... sakiTxis mogvarebamde
saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier
organizebuli RonisZieba, romelic 2004 wlis ivlisis TveSi
ganxorcielda, zemoT miTiTebuli `saWoWmano~ saxelmZRvaneloebis
gareSe Catarda.
aRniSnuli problemebis gamo rTuldeba umaRlesi ganaTlebis
miRebis sakiTxi saingilos kontigentisaTvis. garkveuli SeRavaTebis
miuxedavad, heri studentebi umaRlesi saswavleblebis damTavrebis
Semdeg regionSi ver saqmdebian. Sesabamisad, rogorc vTqviT, iZulebiT
SromiT migraciaSi imyofebian sazRvargareTis qveynebSi, maT Soris,
mSobliur saqarTveloSi. arsebobda iniciativa azerbaijanis umaRlesi
saswavleblis filialis zaqaTalas raionSi gaxsnisa, Tumca
adgilobrivebma es wamowyeba ararealurad miiCnies da masSi safrTxec
ki dainaxes.
30
saqarTvelos ganaTlebis saministro saingilos
zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi Zireul reformebs gegmavda. es ki
kvalificirebuli kadrebis mivlinebis waxalisebas gulisxmobda, rac
xels Seuwyobda ganaTlebis donis amaRlebas; ukanaskneli, Tavis
mxriv, SeRavaTebs, romlebic `daTvur samsaxurad~ karga xania
moinaTla, ufunqcios gaxdida. magaliTad, 2004 wels saministrodan
orgzis gaigzavnen maswavleblebi (trenerebi): lali SaiSmelaSvili,
nino balanCivaZe, lana salayaia, lali mwariaSvili, qeTi botkoveli,
romelTac pedagogiur praqtikaSi danergili siaxleebisa da
gakveTilis wayvanis zogadi meTodebis Sesaxeb codna unda gadaecaT.
sxvaTa Soris, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, maT zaqaTalis raionSi
problemebi SexvdaT; qarTulma mxarem saingilos skolebis
saxelmZRvaneloebiT uzrunvelyofa sakuTar Tavze aiRo; ormxrivi
SeTanxmebis safuZvelze azerbaijanelebma sakuTari saswavlo
programebis mixedviT qarTul enaze saxelmZRvaneloebi moamzades,
saxelmZRvaneloebi _ `garesamyaro da maTematika~ (I klasi) qarTuli
gamomcemloba `inteleqtis~ daxmarebiT daibeWda da sxv.
2005 wlidan abiturientebi saingilodan erTian erovnul
gamocdebSi iReben monawileobas. Sesabamisad, kontigentisaTvis
gaTvaliswinebulma adrindelma SeRavaTebma saxe icvala. gairkva, rom
saxelmwifo grantis mopovebisaTvis arasakmarisi qulebis miRebis
SemTxvevaSi Svidi kategoriis abiturientisaTvis, maT Soris,
azerbaijanis (saingilos) qarTvelobisaTvis (gaTvaliswinebulia
agreTve: kodoris xeobis, cxinvalis regionis (konfliqtis zona),
iranis (fereidani), TurqeTisa da ruseTis qarTvelebi), arsebobs
SeRavaTi, saministros warmomadgenlebi proporciuli wesiT adgenen
kvotas da gascemen saxelmwifo grants.
erTaderTi, rac adgilobriv qarTvelebs rCebaT, kulturuli
TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebaa.
31
saingiloSi oficialurad arsebobs kaxis raionis kulturis
centri, romelic ufunqcioa (2010 wels Senoba daiwva). qarTuli
Teatri, aRiarebis miuxedavad, misi sulisCamdgmelis, anzor
dolenjaSvilis, `daTxovnis~ Semdeg yofna-aryofnis zRvarze aRmoCnda.
2005 wels ianvris TveSi azerbaijanis (saingilos) kaxis raionis
sofel alibeglos i. WavWavaZis saxelobis qarTul saxalxo Teatrs
saxelmwifo statusi saqarTveloSi Tbilisis azerbaijanuli
saxelmwifo dramatuli Teatris daarsebis paralelurad mieniWa.
sakiTxiT dainteresebuli qarTuli sazogadoebis azri Teatris
aRiarebasTan dakavSirebiT erTgvarovania _ moyvaruli msaxiobebiT
Semdgar saingilos qarTul saxalxo Teatrs, swored profesionalTa
deficitis gamo, ar SeiZleba saxelmwifo statusi mieniWos da sxva
qveyanaSi qarTuli kulturis warmoCena daevalos. Tumca kvlav dRis
wesrigSi dgas Teatris asamoqmedeblad Tbilisidan kvalificiuri
kadris gagzavnisa da ramdenimekaciani specialistTa jgufis
momzadebis sakiTxi. swored amitom 2010 wels SoTa rusTavelis
saxelobis Teatrisa da kinos universitetma daaxloebiT aTi
abiturienti miiRo saingilodan.
kuTxis qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da saeklesio galobis
ansambl `lazares~ arsebobas oficialurad arc erTi saxelmwifo ar
aRiarebda, Sesabamisad, ansambli uamrav problemas awydeboda:
`lazares~ sarepertuaro paketis simwire, rac, Tundac, erTi qarTveli
lotbaris saingiloSi garkveuli droiT mivlinebiT mogvardeboda;
adgilobrivi folkloris nimuSebis moZieba-Seswavlis sakiTxi;
samomavlod ansamblis Sesavsebad adgilobrivi kadrebis moZieba,
profesionaluri aRzrda; qarTuli xalxuri sakravebis saWiroeba;
finansuri problemebis aRmosafxvrelad garkveuli tiraJiT `lazares~
audiokasetis gamoSveba urigo ar iqneboda; kuTxeSi (kaxis, agreTve,
belaqani-zaqaTalas raionebis qarTul soflebSi) gasvliTi
RonisZiebebis organizeba damokidebuli iyo adgilobrivi
32
administraciuli organoebis nebarTvaze, transportirebisa da sxva
teqnikuri problemebis mogvarebaze; saxelmwifoebrivi SeTanxmebis
safuZvelze `lazares~ orive qveynis folklorul festivalebSi
CarTva, masTan dakavSirebuli saorganizacio _ iuridiul-finansuri
problemebi; misasalmebeli iqneboda, `lazarem~, rogorc saingilos
qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da saeklesio galobis ansambls
iuridiuli statusiT hqonoda; am problemebis mogvareba mxolod
sasikeTod waadgeba ori megobari qveynis _ azerbaijanisa da
saqarTvelos _ momavals.
`lazare~ kaxis wm. giorgis saxelobis moqmedi eklesiis
mgalobelTa gunds da saingilos `qarTul folklorul jgufsac~
warmoadgenda. ukanasknelis misia farTo iyo: qarTuli simRerebisa da
sagaloblebis mosaxleobisaTvis gacnoba, kuTxis saeklesio,
saistorio matianis Seqmna, arqeologiuri eqsponatebisa Tu
werilobiTi wyaroebis moZieba-Seswavla, eTnografiuli kuTxis
mowyoba, regionSi qarTuli qoreografiuli xelovnebis aRorZineba da
sxv. samwuxarod, xSirad sakuTar Tavze dakisrebul am erovnul misias
saxelmwifo mxardaWeris gareSe ganxorcieleba ar ewera.
qarTveli qvelmoqmedebi folkloruli festivalebis
organizatorebs xSirad axseneben `lazares~ da misi RonisZiebebSi
CarTva mxolod amis Semdeg xerxdeba. samwuxarod, amJamad aRniSnuli
ansambli aRar arsebobs, Tumca arsebobs ramdenime TviTSemoqmedebiTi
qoreografiuli jgufi.
saingiloSi arsebobs problemebi, romelTa individualur doneze
mogvarebac SeuZlebelia. azerbaijanSi mcxovrebi qarTveloba ki,
qveynis xelisufalTagan, rogorc erovnuli umciresoba,
ugulebelyofilia.
saingilos aborigeni qarTveloba da qvemo qarTlSi Casaxlebuli
azerbaijanelebi kavkasiis ori megobari saxelmwifosaTvis
33
dambalansebel Zalad rCeba, TiToeulis mdgomareoba ki orive qveynaSi
arsebuli demokratiis xarisxiT ganisazRvreba (yuloSvili 2004: 20).
34
saingilos qarTvelebis problemebi
saingilos qarTvelebis TviTidentifikaciisaTvis gadaudebeli
aucileblobaa qarTuli kulturis ganviTareba belaqanis, zaqaTalasa
da kaxis raionebSi. amisaTvis saWiroa iq arsebuli SemoqmedebiTi
jgufebisaTvis lotbarisa da qoreografis saqarTvelodan mivlineba.
saWiroa saingiloSi arsebuli ansamblebis repertuaris daxvewa da
gamravalferovneba. belaqanis, zaqaTalisa da kaxis raionebSi, agreTve,
azerbaijanis sxva raionebsa Tu dedaqalaqSi da saqarTveloSi
gastrolebis organizeba.
nawilobriv mogvarebulia ansamblebis qarTuli tradiciuli
tansacmliTa da saWiro inventariT uzrunvelyofis sakiTxi, magram am
kuTxiT arsebuli xarvezebi Sesavsebia.
saWiroa, saqarTvelodan mivlenilma lotbarma da qoreografma
yuradReba miaqcios saingiloSi SemorCenil folklorul nimuSebs,
aRadginos da popularizacia gauwios maT.
aucilebelia, kaxSi arsebuli qarTuli kulturis centris (Senoba
2010 wels daiwva da aRdgenas saWiroebs) amoqmedeba.
saingilos qarTvelebis TviTidentifikaciisaTvis gadaudebeli
aucileblobaa kaxis raionis sof. alibegloSi arsebuli azerbaijanis
qarTuli saxelmwifo Teatris realurad amoqmedeba, saingilos
Teatris msaxiobTa kvalifikaciis amaRleba; cnobil msaxiobebTan
Sexvedra da maTi master-klasebis organizeba. saWiroa, saingilos
qarTuli Teatris damaarseblis, anzor dolenjaSvilis, mier wlebis
ganmavlobaSi momzadebuli repertuaris aRdgena; repertuarSi
azerbaijanuli speqtaklis Setana. aRsaniSnavia, rom ramdenime wlis
win azerbaijanul enaze daidga speqtakli `Ramis stumari~;
aucilebelia, azerbaijanis qarTuli saxelmwifo da saqarTvelos
azerbaijanuli saxelmwifo Teatrebis daaxloeba-damegobreba; a.
dolenjaSvilis mier sofel alibegloSi dawesebuli `iliaobis~
aRdgena; a. dolenjaSvilis pirovnebis reabilitacia da sxv.
35
saingilos qarTvelebis socialuri mdgomareoba mZimea. miuxedavad
imisa, rom saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mxardaWeriT saingilos
kontigenti umaRles ganaTlebas Rebulobs, isini azerbaijanSi
specialobebis mixedviT dausaqmebelni arian. mZime socialuri
mdgomareobis gamo herebis umravlesoba tovebs mSobliur kuTxes,
yidis mamapapiseul miwebs. azerbaijanis xelisufleba herebis am
problemiT sargeblobs da saingilos teritorias turistul centrad
acxadebs. turistuli infrastruqturis ganviTarebaSi saingilos
qarTvelebi, sakiTxis ucodinarobis gamo, ver erTvebian.
azerbaijanelebi qarTvelebis mamapapiseul miwebs maRal fasad
yiduloben, icvleba regionis eTnikur-demografiuli saxe... migraciis
Seferxeba urTulesi sakiTxia, Tumca am rTul viTarebaSi arsebobs
erTi gamosavali: saqarTvelos mxarem, gansakuTrebiT qarTuli
eklesiebis mimdebare teritoriaze, gasayidi miwebi SeiZinos. mag., kaxis
wm. giorgi eklesiis gverdiT arsebuli saxli saqarTvelos mama ioane
(abasaSvilma) saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan SeTanxmebiT SeiZina.
saWiroa saingilos qarTvelebisaTvis iseTi gazeTis gamocema,
romelic gaaerTianebs samive raionis qarTvelobas. gazeTi ingiloTa
problemebs unda aSuqebdes da maTi mogvarebis gzebsac saxavdes, ra
Tqma unda, azerbaijanis kanonmdeblobis gaTvaliswinebiT.
aucilebelia saingilos qarTvelebis ganaTlebis donis amaRleba,
aRkveTa iseTi precendentebisa, rogorsac adgili aqvs gansakuTrebiT
belaqanisa da zaqaTalas raionebSi; qarTuli seqtorebis dawyebiTi
klasebis dakompleqteba adgilobrivi resursebis gamoyenebiT
problemuri sakiTxia.
amasTanave, azerbaijanis respublikaSi qarTvelebis
integraciisaTvis aucilebelia azerbaijanis umaRles saswavleblebSi
ingiloTaTvis gaTvaliswinebuli SeRavaTebiT sargebloba.
36
aucilebelia saingilos kontingentTan muSaoba, rom isini
davainteresoT ara mxolod umaRles saswavleblebSi prestiJuli
fakultetebiT, aramed profesiuli ganaTlebiT.
saingilos qarTvelebis aRmsareblobis ufleba azerbaijanis
mxridan daculi ar aris, piriqiT, adgilobriv arsebuli qarTuli
xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebi zogierTi azerbaijaneli mecnieris mxridan
albanur Zeglad aris aRiarebuli. sakiTxi orive saxelmwifos mxridan
saTanadod Seswavlas moiTxovs, radgan xSirad qarTveli
specialistebis mxridan obieqtebis Seswavlamde qarTuli
warmomavlobis damadasturebeli eqsponatebi gatanilia... xSirad
azerbaijanelTa mxridan maTze daqvemdebarebuli qarTuli Zeglebis
`aRdgena-restavracias~ CvenTvis savalalo Sedegebi moaqvs...
aucilebelia, sakiTxi orive saxelmwifos mecnierebma Seiswavlon,
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi gaTxrebic erToblivad awarmoon.
qurmuxis saydris (SemdgomSi _ kaxis raionis soflebSi arsebuli
qarTuli eklesiebis) amoqmedeba adgilobrivi mrevlis Txovnaa.
vfiqrobT, sakiTxis Seswavla orive mxridan aucilebelia, radgan
azerbaijanis respublika demokratiis principebs aRiarebs da, gvjera,
aRmsareblobis uflebas saingiloSi daicavs.
saingilos qarTvelebs problemas uqmnis is pirobebi, romlebic
azerbaijanis xelisuflebam axlaxan SemoiRo _ saqarTvelos
moqalaqeebisaTvis azerbaijanis respublikaSi yofnis gansazRvruli
vada. saingilos qarTvelebis umravlesoba ormagi moqalaqea an
saqarTveloSia migrirebuli. sakiTxi droulad mogvarebas moiTxovs.
gasuli saukunis 50-iani wlebidan belaqansa da zaqaTalas
raionebSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebi qarTuli, mamapapiseuli gvar-saxelis
tarebis uflebas arian moklebulni. arada, aRniSnul raionebSi
mcxovreb qarTvelebs survili aqvT aRidginon winapris gvar-saxeli.
sakiTxi droulad mogvarebas moiTxovs.
37
saingilos qarTvelebis mier gamocemuli Jurnal-gazeTebi
`mose janaSvilis sazogadoebis~ gazeTi `moambe~
azerbaijanSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis _ herebis _ nacionaluri
gaaqtiureba iwyeba 1990-ian wlebSi, rac ukavSirdeba sabWoTa kavSiris
daSlasa da maTdami saqarTvelos erovnuli moZraobis mkveTrad
gamoxatul mxardaWeras.
1990 wels kuTxis pirveli Tavisufali gazeTi, `mose janaSvilis
sazogadoebis~ perioduli gamocema `moambe~, gamovida.1
1 mose janaSvili _ qarTveli istorikosi, enaTmecnieri, eTnografi, publicisti,
pedagogi, sazogado moRvawe 1855 w. 19 marts kaxSi daibada. 1865 wlidan swavlobda
kaxis samrevlo skolaSi, 1868-1872 _ zaqaTalas samazro saswavlebelSi, Semdeg _
Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi. 1875-1920 ww. pedagogiur moRvaweobas eweoda
quTaissa da TbilisSi (aswavlida qarTul enasa da saqarTvelos istorias). 1888
wlidan iyo saeklesio muzeumis TanamSromeli, 1897-1926 ww. – misi gamge. 1920-dan
moRvaweobda umaRles saswavlebelSi. iyo damsaxurebuli profesori, `saqarTvelos
saistorio da saeTnografio sazogadoebisa~ da `qarTuli saenaTmecnierebo
sazogadoebis~ sapatio wevri (1930). erT-erTma pirvelma Cauyara safuZveli samecniero
muSaobas saqarTveloSi. 1884 wels gamovida misi `saqarTvelos mokle istoria~,
romelSic `qarTlis cxovrebis~ sqemis mixedviT aris moTxrobili saqarTvelos
istoria. es iyo saqarTvelos istoriis pirveli saxelmZRvanelo. Semdeg gamocemebSi
(`saqarTvelos istoria~ 1894, 1906) avtori eyrdnoboda farTo wyaroTmcodneobiT
bazas da met yuradRebas uTmobda saqarTvelos Sina cxovrebas, istoriuli faqtebis
axsnas. ikvlevda qarTuli eklesiis istorias. manve aRmoaCina `qarTlis cxovrebis~
e.w. janaSviliseuli nusxa. am nusxis `qarTlis cxovrebis~ gagrZeleba gamosca
`axali qarTlis cxovrebis~ saxelwodebiT (janaSvili 1907). miakvlia da 1909 w.
gamosca basili zarzmelis `serapion zarzmelis cxovreba~. avtoria mravali
wyaroTmcodneobiTi naSromisa da werilebisa saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebze.
mose janaSvilma didi wvlili Seitana qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis
gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis wignTsacavis, saqarTvelos saistorio da
saeTnografio sazogadoebebis koleqciebis, saeklesio muzeumis SeqmnaSi, eweoda
arqeografiul moRvaweobas...
mose janaSvili qarTuli eTnografiis erT-erTi fuZemdebelia. aqvs narkvevebi
afxazeTze, saingilosa da mesxeTze.
38
1990 wlis 3 ivniss kaxSi Sedga `sazogadoebis~ damfuZnebeli
yriloba. masSi azerbaijanis saxalxo frontis regionuli
organizaciis warmomadgenlebic monawileobdnen. yrilobis
organizatorebma ganixiles sazogadoebis saprogramo dokumentebi;
airCies sazogadoebis gamgeoba; gazeTis redaqtori.
gazeTi `moambe~ `mose janaSvilis sazogadoebis~ wevrTa erTgvar
tribunad iqca, amitom mis deklaraciaSi gamoTqmul mosazrebebs
sazogadoebrivi Tu politikuri sferos warmarTvis Taobaze
gamocemisaTvis dasaxul programadac ganvixilavT.
`mose janaSvilis sazogadoeba~, rogorc arapolitikuri
gaerTianeba, mxars uWerda erTa urTierTpativiscemis, keTilme-
zoblobisa da mSvidobiani Tanaarsebobis principebs; miesalmeboda
kavkasiis erTa samarTlian brZolas damoukideblobisaTvis, romelTa
mizani iyo gareSe Zalisagan Tavisufali saerTo kavkasiuri saxlis
aSeneba. cxadia, es iniciativa Tanamedroveobis gamoZaxili iyo da
saqarTvelos erovnuli mTavrobis mxardaWeriT xorcieldeboda
saingiloSic. qarTvel da azerbaijanel xalxebs Soris undoblobisa
da SuRlis gamRviveblad mmarTveli sistema miiCneoda. regionis
mosaxleobis interesebidan gamomdinare, sazogadoeba miznad isaxavda
mose janaSvili avtoria mravali saenaTmecniero naSromisa, romlebSic
gaSuqebulia qarTuli gramatikis, dialeqtologiis, leqsikologiis, qarTuli enis
SedarebiTi Seswavlis sakiTxebi (1906 wels gamosca `qarTuli gramatika~). cnobilia
misi etimologiuri Ziebani, leqsikonebi (ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, vefxistyaosnis
leqsikoni, petriwis da sxv. leqsikonebi), romelTa erTi nawili gamouqveynebelia.
sayuradReboa misi naSromebi qarTuli literaturis istoriaSi. m. janaSvilis
geografiuli naSromebidan aRsaniSnavia Tbilisis, goris, mcxeTisa da misi
midamoebis, aragvis xeobis aRweriloba. mxareTmcodneobiT naSromebSi mocemulia
saingilosa da mesxeTis zogadgeografiuli aRwera. igi avtoria werilebisa soflis
meurneobis sxvadasxva dargSi.
mose janaSvili gardaicvala 1934 wlis 19 aprils; dakrZalulia qarTvel
mweralTa da sazogado moRvaweTa mTawmindis panTeonSi.
39
arsebuli socialuri, kulturul-saganmanaTleblo, yofiTi
problemebis mosaxleobasa da sazogadoebriv organizaciebTan
TanamSromlobis safuZvelze gadaWras.
sazogadoebis programa exmianeba sainformacio da samecniero
azris monopolizaciis sakiTxsac, romlis uaryofiTi Sedegebi
Tavadac iwvnies... fsevdomecnieruli wreebis mier aborigen qarTvelTa
istoria `sadavod~ iqna miCneuli, amitomac dasaxuli amocanebidan,
aseve, konstituciuri da saerTaSoriso aqtebidan gamomdinare,
sazogadoebam moRvaweoba warmarTa kulturis, religiis, ganaTlebisa
da sxv. sferoebSi wamoWrili moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad.
`moambes~ gamocemas sixaruliT Sexvdnen adgilobrivi qarTvelebi
_ alibegloelebi: `ra SeiZleba iyos imaze ukeTesi, vidre zrunva
istoriul Zeglebze, xalxis sulier da kulturul ayvavebaze, or ers
Soris arsebuli urTierTobis Semdgom gaumjobesebaze, saqvelmoqmedo
RonisZiebaTa Catarebaze, zusti da utyuari informaciis miwodebaze,
romelic dRes haeriviT esaWiroeba rogorc saqarTveloSi mcxovreb
azerbaijanel, aseve, azerbaijanSi mcxovreb qarTvel mosaxleobas.
dabolos, im did saqmeSi mcireodeni wvlilis Setanaze, romelsac
saerTo kavkasiuri saxli ewodeba; aseve, azerbaijanis saxalxo
frontis regionuli organizaciis warmomadgenlebic: `Народный фронт
готов ко всестороннему сотрудничеству с вами, всячески поддерживать вас во
всех начинаниях и мероприятиях, лишь бы деятельность вновь созданной
общественной организации была направлена и служила делу укрепления дружбы
между нашими народами.~
`moambes~ devizia _ `Tavisuflebis Sovnai, sjobs saSovnelsa
yvelasa!~
gazeTi ibeWdeboda TbilisSi, Tumca TanamSromlobisaTvis
redaqciis xelmZRvaneloba sakuTari binis misamarTebs uTiTebda.
rogorc Cans, arc `mose janaSvilis sazogadoebis~ gamgeobas ar
40
gaaCnda mudmivi adgilsamyofeli. Sekrebebic, aseve, sazogadoebis
wevrTa binebSi imarTeboda.
gazeTis sul oTxi nomeri gamovida; gamosacemad mzad iyo
mexuTec, Tumca ar dabeWdila. Tavdapirvelad ganisazRvra, rom
gamocema yovelTviuri iqneboda, Tumca perioduloba darRveulia;
gazeTis pirveli sami nomeri 1990 wels daibeWda: ivlisSi _ #1;
agvistoSi _ #2; seqtembeSi _ #3; 1991 wlis TebervalSi gamoica _ #1
(4). `moambis~ redaqcia gazeTis dagvianebis mizezad finansur
problemebs asaxelebs, rac gazeTis gamocemis SeCerebis Sesaxebac
SeiZleba iTqvas.
igegmeboda `literaturuli gverdis~ calke, oTx TveSi erTxel,
gamocema, manamde ki es rubrika Tavad gazeTSi Cndeba (1991, #1).
gazeTis redaqtori _ emzar suyaSvili. igi qarTuli xalxuri
simRerisa da saeklesio galobis ansambl `lazares~ folklorul
jgufsac xelmZRvanelobda.
saredaqcio kolegiis wevrebi: malxaz nuroSvili, zurab
papiaSvili. teqnikuri redaqtori _ oTar janaSvili.
unda iTqvas, rom redaqciam SeZlo adgilobriv korespondentTa
qselis Seqmna. `moambis~ avtorebi arian: emzar suyaSvili, malxaz
nuroSvili, zurab papiaSvili, kaxis wm. giorgis saxelobis eklesiis
winamZRvari _ mama ilarioni, boris aTamaSvili, igor abulaSvili,
cismari qitiaSvili, maria TofalaSvili, gulo da maria kurkunaevebi,
ioseb gamxaraSvili, mustafa daudovi (daTunaSvili), fervane samedova,
maria, Temur da kote barixaSvilebi, hamlet yiyiSvili, niko
TamazaSvili, neron TofalaSvili, rizvanul samedovi, besik
gojiaSvili da sxv.; fotoebi ekuTvnis Temur papiaSvils. gazeTSi
ibeWdeba werilebi kaxis raionis soflebidan: alibeglo (qaTmisxevi),
alaTemuri (did bina), qoToqlo; zaqaTalas r-nis sof. aliabadidan,
mosulidan; belaqanis r-nis sof. iTiTalidan da a.S.
41
gazeTis furclebze mkiTxveli gaecnoba kuTxis moRvaweTa Sesaxeb
saintereso informaciebs; citirebulia hereTis Sesaxeb gamocemuli
TiTqmis yvela yuradsaRebi wigni: zaqaria edilis `saingilo~, mose
janaSvilis `saingilo~, `ivan-baba buluRaSvilisaTvis Zeglis
aRmarTvis gamo~; perioduli gamocemebi: `iveria~, `droeba~, `xalxuri
sibrZne~, `baTumis gazeTi~ da a.S.
gazeTi rvagverdiania, A3 formatis; ilustrirebulia, Tumca,
xarisxobrivi TvalsazrisiT ver daikvexnis. Rirebuleba _ 1 maneTi.
`moambe~ eTnikuri sazogadoebis cnobierebis warmarTvaSi
mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda. redaqcia yvela Rirseuli,
mamuliSviluri saqmis saTaveSi moeqca; iyo organizatori kuTxisaTvis
saWirboroto sakiTxebis gadaWrisa Tu adgilobrivi moRvaweebis
saiubileo, aseve, religiuri dResaswaulebis aRniSvnisa.
adgilobrivebisaTvis winaparTa Rvawlis gacnobis gziT redaqcia
cdilobs danergos pativiscema warsulisadmi. biografiuli
monacemebis garda, mkiTxveli misTvis ucnob detalebs Seityobs
qarTveli moRvawis, mose janaSvilis, cxovrebidan. sainteresoa mose
janaSvilisa da sergei mesxis urTierTobis Sesaxeb mkiTxvelisaTvis
miwodebuli Canawerebi: `soflidan tfilisSi rom Camovedi, pirveli
kaci, romelic me aq gavicani iyo `droebis~ redaqtori sergei mesxi.
TviT pirveli Rame am patiosan da moWirnaxule moRvawis ojaxSi
gavaTie. sergei mesxi dimitris (dimitri janaSvili _ publicisti)
didi megobari iyo. patara ingilo rom mnaxa, sixaruliT aRar icoda
ra eqna; rogor mealerseboda, macivdeboda erTi Tqvens kiloze
damelaparakeo. Cems kiTxvebze Tqveneburad mipasuxeo da daiwyo:
_ exla, sad xar?
_ TiflizSi _ vupasuxe.
_ saidgan moxvediT?
_ kakiT.
_ raT?
42
_ salocela (saswavlod).
_ ra ginda gamoxvide?
_ Rdel.
_ raT ginda Rvdloba?
_ Con xalxs vaswavli.
_ ar ginda mwerali iyo?
_ raze ar mind?
_ ecade, kargi kaci gamoxvide. Tqveni qveynis arseboba Cven arc ki
vicodiT da am Cemma megobarma dimitrim Segvatyobina, saingiloSi
bevri qarTveloba ariso. dReidan Senc Cemi megobari iqnebi, iare
Cvensa da isargeble wignebiTa da gazeTebiT~.
enobriv problemebze 1895 wlis gazeT `iveriaSi~ (#200) dabeWdili
mose janaSvilis statia `moambis~ redaqciam aqtualurad miiCnia
(`moambe~ 1990); avtoris azriT, `kuTxeebSi daSTenil sityva-frazebs
gamomzeveba sWirdeba~. am mizniT `saWiroa es auarebeli masala
SemovkriboT, SeviswavloT, avnusxoT da es Sroma rom Sesruldeba
maSin Cveni, isec mdidari, leqsikoni erTi-orad gadiddeba, xolo ena-
mzeobac Cvenis enisa imatebs, da ufro gabrwyindeba da Saravanosani
Seiqmneba~. moRvawis TxuTmeti wlis winandel iniciativas xeli
mohkida `saistorio-saeTnografio sazogadoebam~, swored am faqts
exeba statia. mose janaSvili, Tavis mxriv, mkvlevrebs hpirdeba
daxmarebas, rom gaacnobs `ingiloTa kilo-kavs anu, ingilouradve rom
vTqvaT, loRaTs da leqsikonis im sityvebs, romelnic adgilobriv
ixmarebian da sazogado enaSi ki aRara~.
cismari qitiaSvilis masalaSi (qitiaSvili 1990:) moTxrobilia, Tu
rogor gaicno mose janaSvilma akaki wereTeli.
samazro saswavlebelSi swavlisas qarTulis maswavlebels
grigolievs bavSvebisaTvis saswavlad miucia akakis leqsi `simRera
mkis dros~. moses leqsis avtori _ akaki, samebis saydarTan mdgar
`hakakis xeSi~ arevia. maswavlebels uTqvams: `aq rom kargad iswavliT,
43
mere tfilisSi waxvalT da akakis naxvasac moeswrebiTo~... mogvianebiT,
`droebis~ redaqciaSi misuls, SemTxveviT akaki Sexvedria, romelsac
is SeupatiJebia, gazeTi miucia da daurigebia. Zvel megobars im dResve
miswera mosem: `vnaxe, vinc gvenatreboda, vnaxe sworeT Cveni mwerali
akaki wereTeli~.
1990 wlis 21 oqtombers `mose janaSvilis sazogadoebis~ inicia-
tiviTa da kaxis wm. giorgis saxelobis eklesiis winamZRvris, mama
ilarionis, kurTxeviT saingilos qarTvelobam qristianobis aRdgenis
140 wlisTavi idResaswaula. 1850 wels ivane-baba buluRaSvilis
TaosnobiT saingiloSi RvTismsaxureba aRdga. `moambis~ me-3 nomeri
ZiriTadad am faqts eZRvneba. mkiTxveli gaecnoba `ingiloTa simReras~
m. janaSvilis broSuridan _ `ivan-baba buluRaSvilisaTvis Zeglis
aRmarTvis gamo~. ivan-babas Rvawlia Sefasebuli m. nuroSvilis
kvlevaSi `guli ver mokla mtris xelma~ (nuroSvili 1990; WanuyvaZe
1996: 139).2
2 ivane baba buluRaSvili 1801 wels daibada ingilo glexis
ojaxSi. hereTis qarTvel moRvaweTa Soris gamorCeuli moRvawe erovnuli
Tu religiuri devnis winaaRmdeg qristianobis gaZierebaze zrunavda, radgan
qarTveloba da qristianoba (marTlmadidebloba) ganuyoflad miaCnda.
Sesabamisad, is erovnuli moZraobis sulisCamdgmeli iyo.
1850 wlis 5 oqtombers ivane buluRaSvili, giorgi janaSvili, kote
WirRitaSvili, aleqsandre muradaSvili, gabriel asanaSvili, bedir
muradaSvili, dursi almasaSvili, simon xalilaSvili TbilisSi Camovidnen
da mTavarmarTebel mixeil voroncovs ganucxades: `Cven qristianebi varT,
gamogvigzavneT qarTveli mRvdlebi, rom movinaTloT!~ TviTon ki sionis
taZarSi moinaTlnen. giorgi janaSvili monaTla mefisnacvalma m. voroncovma,
misma meuRle elisabedma ki _ ivane buluRaSvili. herebis am jgufma momdevno
wlis 7 aprils 72 kaci (sxva versiiT _ 37 kaci) Camoiyvanes mosanaTlad. am
faqts Tval-yurs adevnebdnen saqarTvelos moRvawenic. ai, ras werda grigol
orbeliani svimon SalikaSvils: `Cveni ingiloebis axali qristianobis ambavi
momwere. ematebian naTliscemiTa? anu SiSi xom ar aqvT? eklesiebi rogor
44
garda saorganizacio sakiTxebis mogvarebisa, `sazogadoebis~
wevrebs pasuxi hqondaT gasacemi adgilobrivTa mxridan sityva
`aRdgenasTan~ dakavSirebiT Seqmnil gaugebrobaze. me-4 nomerSi
daibeWda saredaqcio statia `saidan modis gaugebroba?~ (saredaqcio
1990). rogorc werilidan Cans, misi dawera ganapiroba im faqtma, rom
`mosaxleobis garkveul nawilSi gavrcelda azri, TiTqos
`qristianobis aRdgena~ niSnavdes saerTod gaqristianebas~ (saredaqcio
1990). redaqcias miaCnia, rom amgvari Sexeduleba gaugebrobisa da
uvicobis an gamiznuli dezinformaciis Sedegia. avtorebi oponentebs
`qarTuli enis ganmartebiT leqsikonSi~ Caxedvas urCeven da uTiTeben,
rom swored am literaturiT sargeblobdnen, rodesac sinonimebs
Soris termini `aRdgena~ amjobines `aRorZinebas~. `Tu Cveni arCevani
`aRdgenaze~ SeCerda, mxolod imitom, rom es sityva srulad
gamoxatavs 1850 wlis aqtis mniSvnelobas. ivan-baba istoriaSi
cnobilia, rogorc qristianobis aRmdgeneli. bolos da bolos, misi
saflavis Zeglis warwerac amas gvidasturebs. Cveni gazeTis
mkiTxvelma icis, rom Cven arsad gviTqvams, TiTqos saingiloSi
qristianobas 140 wlis istoria aqvs, piriqiT, istoriuli masalebis
moSveliebiT vamtkicebdiT, rom saingiloSi qristianoba arasdros ar
gamqrala, rom Cveni winaprebis mTelma Taobam Tavi gaswira
qristianobis SesanarCuneblad, magram saeklesio cxovreba iZulebiT
iyo Sewyvetili da mis amoqmedebas swored ivan-babam daudo saTave~
Sesruldnen xatebiTa an wirva-locva xom aris yovelTvis? momikiTxe kidec
Cveni ingiloebi da uTxar, rom nu eSiniaT, aravis davaCagvrinebT!~ hereTSi am
periodidan iwyeba taZrebis aRdgena-restavracia, saydrebis amoqmedeba,
adgilobrivTa sazogado moRvaweoba. kuTxeSi ivan-baba buluRaSvilis saxels
qristianobis aRdgenas ukavSireben, mas siyvaruliT `baba~ Searqves.
1872 wels ivane buluRaSvili gardaicvala. dakrZalulia wm. giorgis
saxelobis moqmedi eklesiis ezoSi mdebare saingilos moRvaweTa panTeonSi.
45
(saredaqcio 1990). redaqciis warmomadgenlebi gazeTis furclebs
uTmoben sawinaaRmdego azris mqoneT, romelTac sakuTari poziciis
dasabuTeba SeuZliaT da mizani _ `sazogadoebisaTvis~ saxelis
gatexva _ ar amoZravebT. avtorebi gmoben kuTxis warsulisa da awmyos
xelovnuri Selamazebis mcdelobas: `marto is rad Rirs, rom ivan-baba
ivan-papad gadaaqcies, aqao da, baba TaTruli saxeliao. Cveni kuTxis
warsuls araviTari Selamazeba ar sWirdeba, sasaxelo da saamayo
Cvens winaprebs isedac bevri saqme ukeTebiaT~ (saredaqcio 1990);
saerTo interesebis dasacavad erTsulovnebis momxreni arian da
urCeven, urTierTdapirispirebis uRirs meTodebs Tavi daanebon.
qristianobis aRdgenis 140 wlisTavisadmi miZRvnil dResaswaulSi
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan mowveulma stumrebmac miiRes
monawileoba: Telavis saSen masalaTa sameurneobaTSoriso sawarmos
warmomadgenlebma kaxis wm. giorgis saxelobis eklesias Seswires
zari, xolo kaxis sabavSvo baga-baRis aRsazrdelebs sportuli
tansacmeli da inventari gadasces saCuqrad; `sazogadoeba~ madlobas
uxdis yvelas, vinc daxmarebis xeli gauwoda: saqarTvelos wiTeli
jvris sazogadoebas, anCisxatis mgalobelTa gunds, saqarTvelos
televiziis muSakebs, qarTvel poligrafistebs, kaxis Rvinis qarxnis
xelmZRvanelobas, qarTuli kolmeurneobebis Tavmjdomareebs da sxv.
gazeTSi Telavis saSen masalaTa sameurneobaTSoriso sawarmos
koleqtivis werili daibeWda _ `Ria werili baton vazgen
oqrojanaSvils~ (saredaqcio 1991); gazeT `saqarTvelos respublikaSi~
(`dResaswauli~, 6.01.91) am ukanasknelis avtorobiT dabeWdil
publikaciaSi, romelic qristianobis aRdgenis 140 wlisTavs
eZRvneboda, iyo naxsenebi zari da ar iyo naTqvami, Tu romelma
organizaciam Seswira is eklesias. amgvarma umadurobam, Turme,
TelavelTa gulistkivili gamoiwvia. am gamoxmaurebis Semdeg
adgilobrivi azerbaijanulenovani gazeTis `Selales~ qarTulenovan
gverdze (1991, #19) redaqtorma, v. oqrojanaSvilma Secdomis
46
gamosworeba scada, Tumca `moambis~ redaqciisagan SeniSvna daimsaxura
maTi mxridan qarTuli enis upativcemulobis gamo.
miuxedavad amgvari winaaRmdegobebisa, mainc Cndeba survili, rom
aRiniSnos hereTis sazogado moRvaweTa (mixeil yuloSvili, sofio
yuloSvili da sxvaTa) Rvawli.
kuTxeSi kulturis aRorZinebas saTave Teatrma daudo. misi aTi
wlis iubiles exmianeba saingilos qarTveloba. saredaqcio statiaSi
`Cveni Teatri aTi wlisaa!~ (saredaqcio 1991) gamokveTilia am keris
mniSvneloba herebis kulturuli TviTmyofadobisaTvis: `am aT
weliwadSi igi gaxda qarTuli kulturis centri, Cvens kuTxeSi
mcxovrebi yoveli qarTvelisaTvis Zvirfasi erovnuli kera. misma
daarsebam erTgvarad gamoafxizla xalxi. gaaxlebuli ltolva gaCnda
qarTuli kulturisaken, qarTuli xelovnebisaken, erovnuli
TviTSegnebis amaRlebisaken~. Teatris sulisCamdgmel anzor
dolenjaSvils emadlierebian da aRniSnaven, rom `mravali
keTilismsurvelis gverdze aranakleb arian xelis SemSlelni da
borotad ganwyobilnic~. avtorebi Teatris warmatebebs a.
dolenjaSvilis saxels ukavSireben da gansakuTrebulad aRniSnaven,
rom dasis gastrolebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi
mniSvnelovania, Tumca kidev ufro umniSvnelovania is, rom Teatrs
`Cveni kuTxis arc erTi qarTuli sofeli ar hyavs uyuradRebod
datovebuli~ (saredaqcio 1991). avtorebi miiCneven, rom belaqanis,
zaqaTalisa da kaxis raionebis soflebSi Teatris dasis gasvlebi
urTierTobis xelSemwyobad da ganmamtkiceblad iqceva. im periodSi
msaxiobebma kuTxis qarTvelobas warudgines otia ioselianis `sanam
uremi gadabrundeba~ da daviT awyurelis `berbiWebi~ ingilour
dialeqtze. `Teatrma speqtaklebi aCvena zaqaTalis raionis soflebSi:
aliabadsa da mosulSi, belaqanis raionis sofel iTiTalasa da kaxis
raionis qarTul soflebSi~ (barixaSvili 1990). am raionebs Soris
gaTiSulobis taqtikas mizanmimarTulad mimarTavda adgilobrivi
47
xelisufleba, Tumca Teatrma itvirTa gamaerTianeblis misia: `Tu
raoden mniSvnelovania msgavsi kontaqtebi, TvalnaTliv gviCvena
iTiTalaSi alibeglos Teatris ramodenimejer Camosvlam.
gamoRviZebasa da sazogadoebis gaaqtiurebaSi mniSvnelovani roli
Teatrmac iTamaSa~ (saredaqcio 1991). Teatri gastrolebiT imyofeboda
dasavleT saqarTveloSi, kerZod: zestafonSi, WiaTuraSi, quTaisSi,
foTSi, baTumSi, senakSi, xobSi da a. S. mayurebels warudgines axali
speqtakli _ `dialogi~ (yiyiSvili 1990).
Teatris iubiles, _ pirvel rigSi, mis xelmZRvanelsa da kuTxis
qarTvelobas, _ ulocaven sazogadoebis wevrebi, studentebi, kax-
ingilos qarTuli skolis pedkoleqtivi, sof. mosulis saSualo
skola, milocvebs Rebuloben aliabadidanac... studentTa jgufis
werilidan: `gaWirvebasa da wvalebaSi Teatrma aTi weliwadi ganvlo
da TiTqmis arafridan aRmocenda kulturis axali kera Cvens kuTxeSi,
romelic fxizlad darajobs qarTul enas, aRadgens mware istoriul
warsuls da gvamcnobs axals~ (saredaqcio 1991).
wlebis ganmavlobaSi saingilos qarTuli Teatris scenaze daidga
araerTi speqtakli: g. erisTavis `uCinmaCinis qudi~, a. gewaZis `Suaze
gayofili cremli~, a. CxaiZis `Tavisufali Tema~, a. gewaZis `wmindanebi
jojoxeTSi~ da sxv.; Teatris aRiarebis saqmeSi didi wvlili Seitana
speqtaklma `alazans gaRma~.
aqve Cndeba informacia qarTuli Teatrisa da misi reJisoris a.
dolenjaSvilis winaaRmdeg galaSqrebis Sesaxeb. arakeTilmosurneebs
mosvenebas ukargavs kuTxisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis mqone
Teatris arseboba: `albaT gaxsovT Tu rogor cdilobda raionis
xelmZRvanelobis zogierTi warmomadgeneli azerbaijanuli
mosaxleobis TeatrisaTvis dapirispirebas, rac maT Teatris daxurvis
saSualebas miscemda. Cven ar gvsurs pirdapir paralelebis gavleba am
faqtebs Soris, magram bolo xans SeiniSneba Teatrsa da mis
48
reJisorze fsiqologiuri dawolis tendencia. Teatris irgvliv
iqmneba arajansaRi atmosfero~ (saredaqcio 1991).
ufro konkretulad aRniSnuli faqtis Sesaxeb, samwuxarod,
araferia miTiTebuli. avtorebi samarTlianad aRniSnaven: `arc erT
CvenTagans jer kidev ar gaukeTebia im mniSvnelobis da Sedegebis
mqone saqmeebi, rogorc anzor dolenjaSvilma am aTi wlis manZilze
gaakeTa. da amitom vinc miznad isaxavs Teatris reJisorisaTvis
saxelis gatexvas, muSaobisaTvis autaneli pirobebis Seqmnas da
Teatridan mis wasvlas, nebsiT Tu uneblied brma iaraRad gvevlineba
`garkveuli~ organoebis xelSi~ (saredaqcio 1991). avtorebi imasac
aRniSnaven, rom amgvari gamoxtomis ganmeorebis SemTxvevaSi
`sazogadoeba amxels da saaSkaraoze gamoitans Teatris winaaRmdeg
mimarTuli kampaniis yvela detals. yvelas da yvelafers davarqmevT
Tavis saxels~ (saredaqcio 1991). werilis avtorebi TiTqos winaswar
grZnoben Teatris momavals... ar malaven, rom `scenaze ar Cans is, Tu
ramdeni brZola, ramdeni problema da winaaRmdegoba xvdebaT~
(saredaqcio 1991). muqaridan isic naTlad Cans, rom sazogadoebis
sityvas kuTxeSi did mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen... sazogadoebis wevrebi
kargad acnobierebdnen, rom eTnikuri qarTvelebisaTvis azerbaijanis
respublikaSi gadamrCenis funqcia ekisreboda e.w. kulturul
avtonomias, qarTvelTa TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebas.
redaqcias saaSkaraoze gamoaqvs Teatris Senobis problemac da
miuTiTebs, rom `xuTi-eqvsi wlis winaT sofel alibegloSi safuZveli
`Caeyara~ axali kulturis saxlis mSeneblobas, magram dRemde araferi
gakeTebula da arc aravin apirebs samSeneblo samuSaoebis dawyebas~.
a. dolenjaSvilis saxels ukavSirdeba saingiloSi `iliaobis~
dawesebac (1987 wlidan). `iliaoba~ ara marto Cveni saamayo winapris,
ilia WavWavaZis, xsovnisadmi miZRvnili dResaswauli iyo, aramed
saingilos samive raionis _ belaqanis, zaqaTalisa da kaxis mkvidr
qarTvelTa erTianobisa da qarTuli sulis zeimic~ (saredaqcio 1990).
49
adgilobrivebis Sefaseba mravlismTqmelia: `im dRidan erTi iseTi
dRec mogvemata weliwadSi, roca qurmuxobisa Tu aRdgomis msgavsad
TiTqmis yvela qarTveli iyris Tavs~ (saredaqcio 1991).
kuTxis arsebobisaTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis mqone iyo, aseve,
SemoqmedebiTi ansamblebis arseboba. `moambe~ exmianeba zaqaTalas
raionSi sofel aliabadSi 1983 wlidan qarTuli xalxuri simReris
gundis, `mercxalis~, arsebobas; ansamblisa, romelic xalxuri
sakravebisa da erovnuli tansacmelis naklebobas uCivis.
kaxis raionis kulturis saxlTan arsebuli vaJTa TviTmoqmedi
ansambli `Svidkaca~ da sofel alaTemuris qarTuli skolis
moswavleTa gundi `ocneba~ im droisaTvis miwveuli iyo TelavSi
gamarTul qarTuli xalxuri simReris saerTaSoriso festivalze;
gazeTi ansambl `Svidkacas~ warmatebuli gamosvlis Sesaxeb iuwyeba
(papiaSvili 1990).
im viTarebaSi, rodesac `Cvenive Tavis motyuebiTa da umoqmedobiT
aRmovCndiT materialuri cxovrebis oromtrialSi, sadac Cven
dagveufla sixarbis, pativmoyvareobis, SiSis grZnoba, sadac Cven
erTmaneTs aRar vendobiT da erTmaneTis imedi ara gvaqvs... saboloo
xsnad saqarTveloSi dasaxlebad miviCnieT da ukeTesi cxovrebis
mizniT davacarieleT qarTuli soflebi... codnis SeZena ar
gvainteresebs, aramed umaRlesi saswavleblis diplomi... cxovrebis
gamocdilebas mivyavarT saSinel samsjavroze, sadac yvelas erTad
daRupva gvelis...~ (suyaSvili 1990).
am mankierebis safuZvlad avtors erovnuli Tavisuflebis
dakargva miaCnia, romlis mopoveba mxolod ganaTlebis, qarTuli
xalxuri Semoqmedebis, qarTuli soflebisa da qristianuli rwmenis
aRorZinebiTaa SesaZlebeli. eTnikuri jgufis kulturuli avtonomiis
sakiTxi, rogorc Cans, am droidan dRis wesrigSia.
`mose janaSvilis sazogadoebis~ iniciativiT kaxSi mimdinareobda
qalTa pirveli saswavleblis aRdgena. redaqcia madlierebiT ixseniebs
50
adamianebs, romlebmac daxmareba gauwies; magaliTad, firuz dukaSvils
`sazogadoebis~ saxelze 300 maneTi gadauricxavs (saredaqcio 1990).
`sazogadoeba~ zrunavs ganaTlebis kerebis amoqmedebisa Tu
Sesabamis mdgomareobaSi mosayvanad. weren sofel aliabadSi qarTuli
sabavSvo baRis gaxsnis Sesaxeb (qronika 1990); imazec, rom mosulSi
internacionaluri skola 1932 wels aSenebul SenobaSia ganTavsebuli;
miuxedavad imisa, rom 1988 wels 504 moswavlisaTvis
gaTvaliswinebuli skola unda aSenebuliyo, 1989-1990 saswavlo
wlisaTvis raionis xelmZRvaneloba saqmis gaWianurebas cdilobs
(saredaqcio 1990).
kaxis raionis sofel alaTemurSi qarTuli skolis 60 wlis
iubile, miuxedavad adgilobrivi ganaTlebis ganyofilebis
warmomadgenelTa winaaRmdegobisa, aRiniSna. zeimSi monawileobdnen
ansamblebi: `Svidkaca~, `ocneba~, `mercxali~...
mkiTxvelebi gazeTSi ecnobian informacias saintereso faqtis
Sesaxebac: sofel iTiTalas skolaSi saswavlo wlis dawyebasTan
erTad daiwyo gaficvebic... mosaxleoba iTxovda skolis direqtor
mustafaevis gadayenebasa da adgilobrivi kadris daniSvnas. maTi
moTxovna gapirobebuli iyo, pirvel rigSi, im faqtoriT, rom
aRniSnuli pirovneba Sovinisturi saqmianobiTac gamoirCeoda; `soflis
mosaxleobis aseTi gadawyvetilebis sisworesa da aucileblobaze
erTi momxdari faqtic metyvelebs. ama wlis [1990] zafxulSi dagegmili
iyo iTiTaleli moswavleebis eqskursia suramSi, romelic rusTavidan
Camosul megobrebTan erTad unda Catarebuliyo. am RonisZiebas m.
mustafaevi Sexvda `deviziT~ _ arc erTi iTiTaleli bavSvi ar unda
Cavides saqarTveloSi, raTa ar gaqarTveldeso! ukve Tbilisisken
gamgzavrebuli avtobusi gzaSi miliciam da raikomis muSakebma
gaaCeres. mustafaevisagan informirebulni, isinic kategoriulad
moiTxovdnen bavSvebis ukan dabrunebas~ (saredaqcio 1991).
adgilobrivebi aprotestebdnen mustafaevisagan skolis qarTul
51
seqtorze bavSvebis miRebis SezRudvas, qarTuli kulturis akrZalvasa
Tu mraval sxva qmedebas. aRmoCnda, rom arc raionis xelmZRvaneloba
yofila dazRveuli amgvari qmedebebisagan, rasac adasturebs Semdegi
faqti: direqtorad T. TamazaSvilis (warmoSobiT kaxis raionidan)
kandidatura maTTvis sruliad miuRebeli aRmoCnda... `qarTvelia da
skolas gaaqarTvelebso!~ direqtorad airCies adgilobrivi z.
iskanderovi. avtorebi aRniSnaven, rom amiT adgilobrivma
azerbaijanelma Cinovnikebma mahmadiani da qristiani qarTvelebis
dapirispireba scades. ra Tqma unda, axali direqtoris arCeviT
sofelma gaimarjva, magram belaqani-zaqaTalias raionebis gaucxoebas
mkveTri xazi gaesva. respondentebi samarTlianad aRniSnaven: T.
TamazaSvili _ `guli damwyvita movlenaTa zedapirulma Sefasebam da
Cveni qarTvelobis daunaxaobam, religia da erovneba xom erTi da
igive ar aris?! Cven naklebad vicnobT erTmaneTs~ (saredaqcio 1991). z.
iskanderovi pedagogiuri kadrebis naklebobas uCivis, qarTuli
xalxuri simRerebis gundisaTvis iTxovs lotbars; momxrea samive
raionSi kontaqtebis gaRrmavebisa, radgan msgavsi precendetebi _
`TbilisSi Cvens studentebs Soris konfliqturi situaciebi
iqmneboda~ _ aRkveTiliyo. `me ar vadanaSauleb maT, vinc mxolod
pasportSi Canaweris gamo udierad epyrobodnen Cveni soflis
axalgazrdebs, radgan isini Segnebulad ar sCadiodnen amas, aramed ar
icnobdnen Cvens sofels, mis problemebs da Cvens saerTo istorias~ _
ambobs is.
`moambe~ did adgils uTmobs kuTxis qarTvelobis gaerTianebis
sakiTxebs; araerTi statia mieZRvna mahmadiani qarTvelebis erovnuli
TviTidentifikaciis sferoSi Seqmnil problemebs.
mkiTxveli gaecnoba gulistkiviliT aRsavse werilebs _ mustafa
daudovi (daTunaSvili), sof. aliabadidan: `samduravi minda gamovTqva
im ingiloebis mimarT, romlebic SuRls Tesaven ingilo mosaxleobaSi
(aseTebi, Cvenda samwuxarod, saingilos yvela sofelSi arian),
52
romlebic cdiloben muslimi da qristiani qarTvelebis urTierTobis
gauaresebas da ar ician, rom aseTi moqmedebiT mtris wisqvilze
asxamen wyals... arc Tu ise Soreul warsulSi saingilos soflebs
Soris mWidro, Zmuri kavSiri yofila da es friad sasiamovnoc iyo.
Cveni winamorbedni gadmogvcemen, rom erTmaneTis gareSe puris Wamac ki
gvezarebodao. mravali saerTo saqme keTdeboda. kakelis gaWirveba
aliabadelis gaWirveba iyo da piriqiT. ra gasakviria! Cven xom erTi
sisxlisani varT, Cven xom qarTvelebi varT. dRes ki aliabadeli
yovelTvis Tavs aridebs kaxis avtobusiT TbilisSi mgzavrobas. ratom?
imitom, rom Tbilisamde oTxsaaTiani kamaTi imarTeba aliabadelebsa
da kakelebs Soris. avtobusSi ki mogexsenebaT, qarTvelebis garda
lekebic arian, azerbaijanelebic da sxva eris xalxebic. Cven yvelani
maTi dasacini vxdebiT. is, vinc cdilobs urTierTobis gamwvavebas
saingilos am or nawils Soris, pirdapir unda iTqvas, rom CvenTvis
aucilebeli erTobis mteria~ (daudovi 1990).
ikveTeba, rom problema marto Sida xasiaTisa araa. mahmadiani
qarTvelebi samSoblosac gauucxovdnen. fervane samedova, sof.
mosulidan: `saqarTvelo Cveni pirveli saxlia. marTalia, dRes
saqarTvelom farTod gagviRo karebi da mogvca ganaTlebis saSualeba,
magram verc saqarTveloSi vgrZnobT Tavs Tavisuflad, radgan
TaTrebs gveZaxian... mahmadianuri samyaros gavleniT, marTalia, bevri
ram Seicvala, magram winaparTa Tavdadebam Semogvinaxa uZvirfasesi
saunje _ qarTuli ena~ (samedova 1990).
`mose janaSvilis sazogadoeba~ gulisxmierad ekideba saingilos
qarTvelobis gaucxoebis sakiTxs, am problemis aRmofxvras sxvadasxva
RonisZiebebze herebis TavSeyriT cdilobs. exmianeba da izidavs
adgilobriv avtorebs.
sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis periodSi redaqcia saingilos
qarTvelobis viTarebaSi garkvevas cdilobs, radgan, maTi azriT, es
eTnikuri jgufi politikuri cvlilebebisaTvis moumzadebelad
53
gamoiyureba: `gadauWarbeblad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saingilos
qarTveloba mTels kavkasiaSi yvelaze naklebad momzadebuli SevxvdiT
mimdinare rTul procesebs da Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom arc ufrosi
Taobis inteligencias da arc axalgazrdobas mTlianad ara gvaqvs
gaTviTcnobierebuli im uamravi problemis simwvave, romlebic Tavs
gvaxvevia, da mosalodneli safrTxe, mdgomareoba sagangaSoa. am
mraval problemaTa Soris erT-erTi umTavresi da ZiriTadia
saingilos qarTul soflebs Soris urTierTobis sakiTxi, romelic
sasicocxlo mniSvnelobisaa da romlis gadawyveta-argadawyvetaze
iqneba damokidebuli Cveni momavali. qarTul soflebs Soris TiTqmis
ar arsebobs saerTo qarTuli interesebidan gamomdinare, gaazrebuli
da saerTo azrze dafuZnebuli urTierToba. samagierod, erTmaneTis
mimarT uamravi pretenziebi gagvaCnia. am moments xelisuflebis
garkveuli organoebi mSvenivrad iyeneben da kidev ufro aRrmaveben
soflebs Soris urTierTdapirispirebas~ (nuroSvili 1991). Seqmnil
viTarebaSi problemad erTmaneTis gasaWiris arcodna saxeldeba:
`dRemde TiTqmis ar yofila mcdelobac ki, gavrkveulviyaviT
erTmaneTis problemebSi. SeiZleba iTqvas, absoluturad ar vicnobT
erTmaneTs da Tuki raime urTierToba arsebobs, umetes SemTxvevaSi,
arsebobs ugunurebamde dasuli damokidebuleba zaqaTala-belaqanis
qarTvelebisadmi, rac imaTi mxridan kakelebis mimarT srul
undoblobas iwvevs. saerTod ki, orive mxare bundovnad verkveviT Cvens
saerTo istoriaSi~ (nuroSvili 1991). amave publikaciidan irkveva, rom
ara marto belaqani-zaqaTalisa da kaxis raionis soflebia gaTiSuli,
aramed kaxis raionis qarTul soflebs Sorisac SeimCneva amgvari
tendencia. gulistkiviliTaa aRniSnuli is faqtic, rom saqarTvelos
urTierToba saingilosTan mxolod kaxiTa da alibegloTi
Semoifargleba. soflebi erTmaneTs kolmeurneobebiT gamoeyvnen, rac
aSfoTebT erTianobis mosurneT: `Tavisuflad SesaZlebelia gamoyofam
Cveni saerTo erovnuli interesebi Selaxos~ (nuroSvili 1991).
54
arsebobda eWvi, rom qarTul soflebs azerbaijanuls SeuerTebdnen,
Sedegad ki, `es iqneba kax-ingilosa da saerTod yvela qarTuli
soflis ganadgurebisa da gadagvarebis dawyeba~ (nuroSvili 1991). es
wamowyeba, maTi azriT, sxva interesebis matarebeli adamianebisagan
momdinareobs. zogierT respondents sakiTxi socialur problemebamde
dayavs da mxolod qarTuli soflebis gaerTianebis momxrea. am
sakiTxebis mogvareba avtors aucileblad esaxeba, Tumca miaCnia, rom
`urTierTgaTiSvis gamarTleba am e.w. `socialuri problemebis~
mogvarebaze zrunvis sababiT Zalze saxifaTo da sariskoa Cveni
kuTxis qarTvelobisaTvis. garkveuli Zalebi cdiloben Cveni
yuradReba erovnuli problemebidan socialurze gadaitanon da amiT
Camogvacilon qarTuli enis, kulturis, eklesia-monastrebis da sxva
sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis sakiTxebs~ (nuroSvili 1991).
saingilos raionebs Soris xidCatexilobas adgilobrivebi
mtkivneulad ganicdian, samwuxarod, amas erTvis qarTvelebis
daqsaqsuloba, gaTiTokaceba, rac sasikeTo Sedegs ver moutans kuTxes.
avtori TiToeul qarTvels mouwodebs erTianobisaken, radgan `Cven
sxva gza ara gvaqvs, garda erTianobisa!~ (nuroSvili 1991).
`an miwame, an momeSvi~ _ es simwris sityvebi ingilo kacis
bedukuRmarTi cxovrebis anasxletia. vina varT Cven? ratom dagvWirda
am kiTxvis dasma?~ (TofalaSvili 1990). statiis avtori gulistkiviliT
aRniSnavs, rom misaReb gamocdebze upiratesobis uflebiT gamoZaxebul
sportsmenebTan erTad `ingilos~ gagonebaze xalxs es termini
akvirvebs, sportis saxeoba hgoniao. samarTliania avtoris daCivleba:
aq qarTvelebs gveZaxian, saqarTveloSi ki _ TaTarso, amitom Cndeba
pozicia: `roca ucodinari qarTveli kaci TaTars dagiZaxebs, rigiTi
azerbaijaneli moqalaqe _ gurjs Zalauneburad gagiCndeba azri:
vicxovreb yvelgan da yvela pirobebSi, oRond gurjad davrCe~
(TofalaSvili 1990).
55
`moambem~ araerTxel gaaSuqa es sakiTxi, erovnebisa da religiis
gaigiveba ara marto saingilos qarTvelobis problemaa, aramed
zogadad saqarTvlosi, Tumca saingilos qarTvelobisaTvis es sakiTxi
ufro mtkivneulad aRsaqmelia.
`ena, mamuli, sarwmunoeba~ _ saingilos qarTvelobis mSobel
xalxTan gamaerTianebeli, amasTan, sxva saxelmwifoSi eTnikuri
umciresobis Semkvrel Zalad iqca. Tavadac aRniSnaven, rom `Cvens
kuTxeSi mcxovrebi xalxis nawils erTiani gvaqvs rogorc ena, ise
mamuli, sarwmunoeba (Tumca Cvens winaprebTan SedarebiT bevrad
sustad), magram unda vaRiaroT, rom daviwyebuli gvaqvs Cvens gverdze
myofi Zmebi, romlebTanac, sarwmunoebisda miuxedavad, gadajaWvuli
varT saerTo eniTa da mamuliT. metic, daviwyebuli ki ara, maTTan
dapirispirebulnic ki varT~ (saredaqcio 1990).
TviTgamorkvevis sakiTxebi gazeTSi xSirad gvxvdeba. avtorebs
miaCniaT, rom qarTveli mahmadianebis `TaTrad~ moxsenieba cudi
Cveulebaa, romelic aucileblad unda Seicvalos, winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi. is bevr qarTvels daakargvinebs saqarTvelos.
mniSvnelovani analogebia moZiebuli aWaris qarTvelobis
magaliTebzec. istoriis qartexilSi saingilos qarTvelobam malulad
qristianobis, erovnuli TviTSegnebis SenarCuneba SeZlo da vinmesgan,
Tundac sakuTari sisxli da xorcisagan, dasayvedri araferi aqvs.
`moambe~ exmianeba belaqan-zaqaTalas qarTvelobis mcdelobas,
aRidginon mamapapiseuli gvar-saxeli. am Temaze daibeWda malxaz
nuroSvilis interviu sofel aliabadis internacionaluri skolis
direqtoris moadgilesTan, murad muradasilovTan. adgilobrivebma
TxovniT mimarTes raionis Sinagan saqmeTa ganyofilebas, aRmaskoms,
respublikis umaRles sabWos, sabWoTa kavSiris umaRles sabWos
(erovnebaTa palata), ra Tqma unda, am iniciativas mowinaaRmdegeni
gamouCndnen. am droisaTvis TviTgamorkvevis mcdeloba 150 adamians
hqonda, Tumca meore ukiduresobis momxrenic gaCndnen _ 1989 wels
56
Catarebuli mosaxleobis aRwerisas bevri `ingilod~ Caewera.
samwuxarod, es faqti ucodinrobis, religiasa da erovnebas Soris
gansxvavebis arcodnis Sedegia. sxvaTa Soris, am wamowyebas dResac
hyavs momxreni, or cuds Soris saukeTeso gamosavlad adgilobrivi
qarTvelis `ingilod~ Cawera rom miaCnia.
redaqcia yuradRebas qristianuli Zeglebis mdgomareobazec
amaxvilebs. gazeTSi Cndeba istoriuli Zeglebis amsaxveli
fotomasala. minawerebidan kargad Cans avtorebis damokidebuleba
xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebis arasaxarbielo mdgomareobis mimarT:
qurmuxis wm. giorgis saydars gumbaTi Camoengra, daamaxinjes
leqarTis wm. ninos saxelobis eklesia (gazeTSi es taZari, ratomRac
RvTismSoblis saxelobis Zeglad aris moxseniebuli), amoSlilia
freskebi, daitaces xatebi, religiuri nivTebi da a.S. vxvdebiT
informaciuli xasiaTis masalebs kaxis wm. giorgis saxelobis
eklesiis aRdgenis Taobaze, madlierebiT aris moxseniebuli
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, uwmidesi da unetaresi ilia II.
swored misi gulmodginebiT es eklesia am istoriul kuTxeSi
erTaderTi moqmedi taZaria; eklesiis winamZRvari mama ilarioni
adgilobriv qarTvelebs qristianulad cxovrebas uqadagebs (mimarTva
1990); moxseniebulia mama dimitris (suxitaSvilis) Rvawli (saredaqcio
1990); adgilobrivi ZeglTa dacvis samsaxuri qurmuxis restavraciiT
dainteresda, redaqciis pozicia ikveTeba, `restavratorebi Tbilisidan
unda iqnen mowveulni~ (saredaqcio 1990); sofel meSabaSis (tyis Tavi)
eklesiis mTavarangelozis saxelobis aRdgeniT kolmeurneoba
dainteresda (saredaqcio 1990). alaTemuris (did bina) samebis eklesiis
aRdgeniT Tavad am soflis mkvidrni dainteresdnen da fulis
Segrovebac dauwyiaT (saredaqcio 1990); sofel yarameSasTan
aRmoCenili patara eklesia dazianebulia da Seswavla-aRdgenas
saWiroebs (saredaqcio 1990).
57
sazogadoeba miesalmeba sofel qoToqloSi adgilobrivebis
wamowyebas, sakuTari saxsrebiT taZari da RvTismsaxureba aRadginon.
skola samebis eklesiis mimdebare teritoriaze auSenebiaT, radgan
sxva sagnebTan erTad saRvTo swavlebasac gadiodnen. nageboba
arasaTanado mdgomareobaSi iyo, rac funqcias ukargavda saydars,
amitom taZris aRdgena soflisaTvis mniSvnelovani iyo. avtori
saintereso detalebs gamokveTs, samebis eklesiis adgilas ucnobis
saflavi yofila, rogorc irkveva, eklesiis miwis mflobelis
patronis Svilis; aRmoCenilia taZris diakvanis meuRlis neSti;
diakvani warmoSobiT Telaveli yofila da meuRlis gardacvalebis
Semdeg TelavSi dabrunebula. mimdebare teritoriaze sxva saflavebic
arsebobs, gadmocemiT, aq mxolod eklesiis msaxurebs asaflavebdnen
(abulaSvili 1990). ibeWdeba werili sofel qoToqlos mkvidri vasil
mixeilis Ze babajanaSvilis ierusalimSi (1908 w.) fexiT mogzaurobis
Sesaxeb. is erTaderTi iyo kuTxidan, vinc moiloca wminda ierusalimi.
misi mogzaurobis mTavari mizezi uSviloba yofila. dabrunebis
wlisTavze gardacvlila, dakrZalulia soflis Zvel sasaflaoze.
misi saflavis qvaze amokveTilia: `qoTuqlos eklesiis mnaTe.
gardaicvala 1909 welsa maisis 22-sa; dasaflavda 24-Si, Sobidgan 52
wlisa. mkiTxvelno Sendoba maRirseT~ (babajanaSvili 1990).
aRmsareblobis Tavisuflebis Selaxvis faqtebad unda CaiTvalos
Semdegi: Zagemis taZars Secvlili saxelwodebiT, `feribiC-yalad~
moixsenieben. ioseb gamxaraSvili sofel aliabadidan iwereba: gasuli
saukunis 60-iani wlebidan adgilobriv qarTvelebis erovnuli
gamoRviZebis paralelurad, 1971 wels zaqaTalas raionSi
xelisuflebam da ramdenime moRalatem Zagemis taZaris gumbaTi
aafeTqa (gamxaraSvili 1990). miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelosa da
azerbaijanis xelisuflebebi SeTanxmdnen, rom orive respublikas
saSualeba miecema qveynis gareT mcxovreb TanamemamuleebTan
kulturuli kontaqtebis damyareba-gaRrmavebisa, religiuri Zeglebis
58
aRdgenisa, sxva saWirboroto sakiTxebis gadawyvetisa. redaqcia am
SeTanxmebisagan Sedegebs elis (saredaqcio 1991).
mkiTxvelebisaTvis religiuri sakiTxebis miwodeba saintereso
tradiciad mkvidrdeba: `wm. mTavarmowame da Zlevamosili giorgi~,
`sarwmunoebis arsi qristianuli msoflmxedvelobiT~ da a.S.
gazeTis gverdebi eTmoba kuTxeSi gavrcelebul legendebsac. mag.,
daibeWda `mzeTunaxavi da oqros mamali.~
gamoqveynebulia masala enobriv sakiTxebze (RambaSiZe 1988;
abaSvili 2009). ibeWdeba maria barixaSvilis kvleva `erTi Tandebulis
gamo~, romelSic saubaria ingilour dialeqtSi SemoWrili
araqarTuli Tandebulis Sesaxeb (inJax/injax//mde). Tu rogor aris
SenarCunebuli qarTuli Tandebuli Secvlili formiT (Tvs/Tun//Tvis),
aseve, gamoiyeneba (be//Tvis); es Tandebuli ucxoa qarTulisaTvis da
SemoWrili unda iyos hereTis teritoriaze mcxovrebi sxva erovnebis
xalxisagan _ azerbaijanuli, lekuri, uduri, somxuri. avtors be
Tandebuli uduris mixedviT sityva bedis analogad miaCnia
(barixaSvili 1990).
`moambe~ mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis daarsebis inicitiviT
gamodis. mosaxleobaSi sasoflo samuSaoebisas aRmoCenili
eTnografiuli eqsponatebi (keramikuli qoTnebi, jam-WurWeli,
sabrZolo iaraRis natexebi, samkaulis detalebi da a.S.) grovdeba.
saerTo gadawyvetilebiT, muzeumisaTvis gamoinaxa bina, quTaislebis
daxmarebiT SeiZines vitraJebi da stelaJebi, gamoifina eqsponatebi.
Tumca am saqmis iniciatori boris aTamaSvili Senobis Seusabamo
mdgomareobaze saubrobs, mosaxleobisagan aRmoCenili nivTebis,
romlis nawili xmarebaSia, Segrovebasa da misi aRricxvisaTvis
komisiis Seqmnas iTxovs. redaqcia miesalmeba am wamowyebas, magram
muzeumSi saeklesio nivTebis gamofenas ewinaaRmdegebian, radgan
soflis wm. ninos sax. eklesiis aRdgenasa da amoqmedebas uaxloes
momavalSi elian (aTamaSvili 1990).
59
istoriul samSoblosTan da azerbaijanTan mimarTebaSi redaqcia
politkoreqtulia. sakuTari pozicia adgilobriv qarTvelebs
arCevnebTan dakavSirebiTac aqvT. sazogadoebis iniciativiT saxalxo
frontis kandidati qarTul mosaxleobas Sexvda, sazogadoebis
wevrebs miaCniaT, rom maTTan urTierToba dasaxuli gegmebis
ganxorcielebaSi daexmarebaT (nuroSvili 1990).
`moambe~ ZiriTadad exmianeba sakiTxebs, romlebic imdroindel
saingiloSi aqtualuri da kuTxis momavalis ganmsazRvreli iyo.
aRsaniSnavia, rom gazeTSi wamoWrilma uklebliv yvela problemam
maleve iCina Tavi. samwuxarod, sazogadoebrivi azris Seqmna
SeuZlebelia, radgan sazogadoebaSi ar SeiniSneba saamiso mzaoba. am
mxriv, arsebul viTarebaSi redaqciis mcdeloba fasdaudebelia
(janaSvili 2007).
gazeTi `Selale~ (`CanCqeri~)
1931 wlidan azerbaijanis kaxis raionSi gazeTi `Selale~ gamodis.
azerbaijanulenovani gamocemas axlavs qarTulenovani CanarTi
gverdic, Tumca `gverdi~ gadaWarbebuli naTqvamia, radgan oTxgverdian
periodul organoSi qarTvelebs eTmobaT mxolod e. w. `sxveni~ an
`sardafi~ (monacvleobiT).
2000-2001 ww. gazeT `Selales~ qarTulenovan gverds safrTxe
mxolod imitom daemuqra, rom azerbaijanul mxares kompiuterSi
qarTuli Sriftebi ar hqonda. problema mxolod 2003 wlisTvis
daiZlia. gazeTis qarTul gverds wlebis ganmavlobaSi adgilobrivi
vazgen oqrojanaSvili redaqtorobda (aRsaniSnavia, rom 1921 wlidan
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi azerbaijanelebisaTvis gamodis oTxgverdiani
azerbaijanuli gazeTi `gurjistani~, ufro adre `sovet gurjistanis~
saxeliT cnobili perioduli gamocema, romelic mSobliur enaze
acnobs azerbaijanul diasporas saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanis
problemebs. Redaqtori suleiman suleimanovi iyo).
60
gazeTi `kaxi~
1994 wels `yovelTa qarTvelTa kongresTan~ axalgazrduli
kavSiri `hereTi~ Seiqmna, xolo 2002 w. dekembersa da 2003 w. martSi
TbilisSi kavSir `hereTis~ perioduli organo, sazogadoebriv-
saganmanaTleblo da politikuri gazeTi `kaxi~ gamovida.
mkiTxvel sazogadoebas hqonda molodini, rom gazeTis
furclebze ganixileboda aqtualuri Temebi, saingilos qarTvelebis
ganviTarebis sakiTxebi, Tumca `kaxi~ auditoriis molodins saTanadod
ver pasuxobs. igi mkiTxvels acnobs mose janaSvilis Rvawls,
informacias sofio konWoSvil-yuloSvilis Sesaxeb, aleqsandra
Cxenkelis moTxrobas, ingilour folklors, ra unda CavicvaT axali
wlis Rames, Tovlis papis rCevebs da a.S. (umetesad, rekreaciul
masalas). gazeTi kaxis raionis qarTuli kulturis saxlis aRdgenis
iniciativiT gamodis, redaqtori meore nomris meTaur werilSi
msjelobs urTierTgautanlobisa da gaTiTokacebis winaaRmdeg.
vfiqrobT, redaqciis problema arakvalificiuri kadrebi iyo.
redaqciam ver Semoikriba adgilobrivi korespondentebi, verc
mkiTxvelebi. gazeT `kaxis~ gamocemas, `moambisgan~ gansxvavebiT,
finansuri problemebi ar Sehqmnia, Tumca igi sazogadoebisaTvis
miuRebeli aRmoCnda. gazeTi saingilos qarTvelebSi vrceldeboda.
gazeTi `sarkmeli~
2001 wlis dekembridan warmoSobiT heri Jurnalistis, luiza
lawunaSvilis, iniciativiT TbilisSi gazeTi `sarkmeli~ gamovida. igi
finansdeboda adgilobrivi da saqarTveloSi moRvawe biznesmenebis
mier. miuxedavad amisa, gazeTis perioduloba darRveulia. sul
gamovida xuTi nomeri (2001-2003 ww.). l. lawunaSvilis TqmiT, gazeTSi
saingilos qarTvelebisaTvis aqtualuri sakiTxebi mxolod imis gamo
ver moxvda, rom `sazRvarze presis gadatana ar Seferxebuliyo~. bolo
nomrebSi gazeTi msoflioSi mimobneuli qarTvelebis problemebs
aSuqebda.
61
gazeTi `gzajvaredini~
2004 wels dafuZnda axali arasamTavrebo organizacia `hereTi~.
masSi ZiriTadad gaerTianebulni iyvnen studentebi, romlebic
`yovelTa qarTvelTa kongresTan~ arsebul axalgazrdul kavSir
`hereTs~ gamoeyvnen.
2004 wlis maisSi gazeT `gzajvaredinis~ pirveli da ukanaskneli
nomeri gamovida. masSi saingilos qarTvelebis problemebs (ganaTleba,
kultura...) samiode gverdi eTmoba, danarCeni masala rekreaciuli
xasiaTisaa. `gzajvaredini~ saingilos qarTvelebSi vrceldeboda.
gazeTi gamomcemloba `artanujis~ mxardaWeriT daibeWda.
gazeTi `iavnana~
2004 wlidan gazeT `raeos~ redaqciis mier qveynis yvela kuTxis
perioduli organos gverdiT saingilos gazeTi `iavnanac~ gamoica.
gazeTis perioduloba Tavdapirvelad TveSi erTi nomriT ganisazRvra.
gamocema xelismomwerTa imedze arsebobda. `iavnana~ gazeT `raeos~
redaqciis daxurvis gamo 2005 wels Sewyda. gazeTSi sxvadasxva
perioduli gamocemebidan Zveli publikaciebia gamoqveynebulia, aris
am periodis Tanamedrove movlenebis amsaxveli masalac (mag.: `heruli
sizmrebis kvaldakval~), aseve folklori da qarTvel moRvaweTa
Sromebi.
bolo periodSi saingilos qarTvelebisaTvis internetic gaxda
xelmisawvdomi. SeiniSneba saingilos qarTvelTa gaaqtiureba
eleqtronul mediaSi, socialur qselebSi.
saingilos qarTveli mosaxleoba adgilobrivi masmediidan
qarTulad ramdenimewuTian radiogadacemebsac ismens.
kaxis raionis qarTveloba am ukanasknel wlebSi sazogadoebriv
mauwyebels, telekompania `imedsa~ da `rusTavi 2~-s uyurebs.
adgilobrivTa TqmiT, qarTuli masmediis wyalobiT momavali Taobebi
qarTuli suliskveTebiT izrdebian.
62
paralelisTvis: gazeTi `axali hereTi~ da radio `hereTi~
ukve warsul droSi uwevs saubari gazeT `axali hereTis~
redaqtor aleko alimbaraSvils: `didi survili gvqonda, rom yovel
nomerSi warmogveCina saingilos problematika, magram barierebs
vawydebodiT. sazRvarze gazeTebis gadatana malulad gvixdeboda,
xalxs SiSiT ver vesaubrebodiT, informacia rom dagvewera ise, ro-
gorc iyo, SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda. amis miuxedavad, istoriis Sesaxeb
gvqonda masalebi, mokle informaciuli SeniSvnebic, pirvel rigSi,
adgilobrivebis intersebs viTvaliswinebdiT, Jurnalisti modis, isini
ki iq rCebian...~
`axali hereTis~ gamomcemeli ramaz samxaraZe ixsenebs gazeTTan im
ingilo studentebis TanamSomlobas, romlebic lagodexis daviT
aRmaSeneblis saxelobis agrosamrewvelo saswavlo-samecniero
institutSi Rebulobdnen ganaTlebas. swored maTi saSualebiT
igzavneboda saingiloSi gazeTebi.
rogorc aRvniSneT, es axalgazrdebi gazeT `kaxeTis xmis~
lagodexis raionis sainformacio biuros kurireben. agreTve,
regionul radiomauwyeblobas, aseve `hereTs~ (FM 102, 8).
ramaz samxaraZe: `gazeTis da, axla ukve, radios saxelwodeba
`hereTi~ imis mixedviT SeirCa, rom hereTis teritoriaze varT,
vvrceldebiT (radio `hereTi~) dasavleT azerbaijanSi, dRes saingilo
rom hqvia da istoriuli hereTi rom iyo.
radio `hereTi~ 1998 wlidan arsebobs. Tavidan FM 101 diapazonze
viyaviT, saidanac 102,8-ze gadavediT, azerbaijanuli arxebi (`speisi~,
`lideri~) yovelmxriv cdiloben Cvens CaxSobas. 102,8 Tu varT, isini
103-ze arian, rac yovlad dauSeveblia, unda iyos 4 erTeuliT
daSoreba, raTa sixSireebma erTmaneTi ar gadafaros. es sakiTxi
saxelmwifom unda daareguliros. arsebuli SeTanxmeba meore mxaris
mier irRveva. am sakiTxze Cveni kavSirgabmulobis radiomauwyeblobis
maregulirebel organos mivmarTeT, Tumca aqedanac araferi gamovida.
63
marto Cvens regionuli radiomauwyeblobas ki ara SeuSales xeli, iq
Cveni nacionaluri radiomauwyeblobac gadafares. saingilos Temaze
sasaubrod stumrebi xSirad studiaSi mogvyavs. iqaur problemebze
CvenTan reJisori anzor dolenjaSvilic saubrobda~.
saingilos sakiTxebi 2002-2003 wlebis presaSi
(gazeTebi `saqarTvelos respublika~, `axali epoqa~, Cveni mwerloba~,
`Кавказский Акцент~, `axali hereTi~, Jurnali `omega~)
1997-2000 wlebSi poloneli politikosi petre boravski
saqarTveloSi poloneTis despani iyo, man Seiswavla XX saukunis
miwurulis ruseTis politika amierkavkasiis mimarT, agreTve,
saqarTvelosa da amierkavkasiaSi islamis aRorZinebis aspeqtebi. es
kvleva (`saqarTvelo da kavkasiaSi islamis aRorZinebis politikuri
aspeqti~) avtorma gamoaqveyna polonur JurnalSi `spravi politiCne~.
Jurnal `omegas~ 2002 wlis oqtombrisa da 2003 wlis martis nomrebSi
daibeWda p. boravskis publikaciis Targmani (mTargmneli _ a.
griSikaSvili), romelSic vkiTxulobT:
`erovnuli moZraobis ganviTarebam da eTnikuri TviTSegnebis
amaRlebam XX saukunis oTxmocdaaTian wlebSi kavkasiis mahmadianur
xalxebSi xeli Seuwyo islamis poziciebis gaZlierebas. am drodan
mahmadianuri religia ukve sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferos
arsebiTi nawili xdeba rogorc Siitur azerbaijanSi, ise
Crdilokavkasiis sunitur respublikebSi. Tanadroulad islami
poziciebs imagrebs qristianul saqarTveloSi... Tavisi qveynis
Tavisuflebisa da damoukideblobisaTvis brZolaSi garTul
qarTvelebs kavkasiaSi islamis aRorZinebis procesebi yuradRebis
miRma darCaT... zviad gamsaxurdias politikuri elita moumzadebeli
aRmoCnda iseT rTul geopolitikur viTarebaSi myofi saxelmwifos
gaZRolisaTvis, rogorsac saqarTvelo warmoadgens.
es patara qveyana, romelic mdebareobs regionSi, sadac saukuneTa
ganmavlobaSi erTmaneTs ejaxeboda ara mxolod ruseTis, iranisa da
64
TurqeTis interesebi, aramed xdeboda ganuwyveteli konfrontacia
islamur civilizaciasa da aRmosavleTis qristianobas Soris, ufro
mgrZnobiare unda yofiliyo mis mahmadianur mezobel qveynebSi
mimdinare ambebis mimarT... moskovisgan damoukideblobis
mopovebisaTvis brZolaSi dakavebuli qarTvelebi naklebad iyvnen
dainteresebuli im problemebiT, romlebic Zalze aRelvebdaT
CrdiloeTkavkasiis mahmadianur xalxebs. grZnobdnen ra Tavs
qristianuli samyaros ganuyofel nawilad, qarTvelebi TiTqmis
ugulvebelyofdnen TavianTi sazRvrebis CrdiloeTiTa da aRmosav-
leTiT moZlierebul islams, rogorc mravalma eTnikurteritoriulma
konfliqtma saqarTvelos CrdiloeT sazRvrebTan, ise daZabulma
urTierTobebma ruseTTan aiZula prezident eduard SevardnaZis
xelisufleba SeemuSavebina gonivruli strategia kavkasiis
mahmadianuri xalxebis mimarT~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
CvenTvis mniSvnelovania, saerTaSoriso sazogadoebas ra
informacia aqvs saingilos Sesaxeb. p. boravskis mimoxilvis mixedviT,
`azerbaijanSi ingiloebs, anu rwmenisaken bolo xans Semobrunebulebs
uwodeben gamahmadianebul qarTvelebs, mcxovrebT adrindel zaqaTalis
olqSi, romelic adre Tbilisis guberniaSi Sedioda. es miwebi Zveli
qarTuli kuTxis _ hereTis Semadgeneli nawili gaxldaT. amJamad es
kuTxe, romelic azerbaijans ekuTvnis, warmodgenilia sami _
belaqanis, zaqaTalisa da kaxis raionebiT, amrigad, qarTveli
azerbaijanelebi warmoadgenen qarTuli kuTxe hereTis avtoxtonur
mosaxleobas, romelnic XVIII saukuneSi moeqcnen daRestnel
feodalTa batonobis qveS; Semdeg ki, ukve sabWoTa periodSi,
ganicades gaazerbaijaneleba.
1918 wlidan XX saukunis 90-ian wlebamde am teritoriaze
antiqarTuli politika tardeboda, romelic damyarebuli iyo
adgilobrivi qarTveli mosaxleobis uxeSi meTodebiT gaazerbaija-
nelebaze, geografiul adgilebisaTvis saxelTa Secvlaze, istoriul
65
ZeglTa ganadgurebaze, iqaur qarTvelTa kulturulsa da ekonomikur
diskreditaciaze am kuTxis qarTveli mahmadianebi bolo xanebamde
yvela aRricxvis siebSi Cawerilebi iyvnen azerbaijanelebad. maT
gvarebs azerbaijanul yaidaze ucvlidnen~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
avtori xazgasmiT aRniSnavs: `afxazeTisa da `samxreT oseTis~
dakargvis Semdeg saqarTvelos xelisufleba erideba azerbaijanSi
mcxovreb TanamemamuleTa yofaze saubars. miuxedavad qarTuli sazoga-
doebis pretenziebisa azerbaijanuli xelisuflebisadmi _ ar aRkveTs
adgilobrivi xelisuflebis diskriminaciul politikas qarTvelTa
mimarT, azerbaijansa da saqarTvelos Soris oficialuri megobroba
mtkicdeba, am or saxelmwifos aqvs msgavsi eTnikur-teritoriuli
problemebi, ris gamoc iZulebuli arian iTanamSromlon politikur
Tu ekonomikur sferoebSi~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
avtori mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis tendenciebsac amCnevs, roca
acxadebs: `1998-99 wlebSi qarTul-azerbaijanuli urTierTobebis
gaumjobesebis kvalobaze gaumjobesda azerbaijanSi mcxovreb
qarTvelTa mdgomareobac, maT mimarT asimilaciuri tendenciebis
Sesustebis sapasuxod SeimCneva gamahmadianebul qarTvelTa
Semobruneba marTlmadidebluri eklesiisaken~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
es, albaT, naklebad Seesabameba simarTles, gansakuTrebiT, zaqaTalisa
da belaqanis raionebSi, sadac mahmadiani qarTvelebi cxovroben da
mahmadianobas ar Tmoben. kaxis raionSi ki qristiani qarTvelebi mosa-
xleoben. miuxedavad amisa, p. boravskis miaCnia, rom `prezident eduard
SevardnaZis xelisuflebis periodSi yvelaze did warmatebas sagareo
politikis sferoSi unda mieweros urTierTobebis gaumjobeseba mezo-
bel mahmadian xalxebTan; gansxvavebiT misi winamorbedi zviad
gamsaxurdiasagan, SevardnaZes ar eSinia islamis samyaroSi~
(yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
rogorc vxedavT, avtoris kategoriuli SefasebiT saingilos
mdgomareobas ganapirobebs saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis mtkice megob-
66
ruli, ekonomikuri, politikuri aspeqtebi. saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg
ruseTma ver SeZlo aemoqmedebina mahmadianuri faqtori, romelsac
SeeZlo afxazeTis, `samxreT oseTis~ Ria konfliqtebis gverdiT es
(sxvac _ pankisi, `Turqi mesxebi~), `gayinuli konfliqtebi~ `Ria
konfliqtSi~ gadaezarda. saqarTvelom, romelic TiTqmis yoveli
mxridan SemosazRvrulia mahmadiani xalxebiT, rogorc tolerantulma,
mahmadianebisadmi keTilmezoblurad ganwyobilma qveyanam, SeZlo Seena-
rCunebina maTi pativiscema.
igive avtori ufro adre saubrobda amierkavkasiis mimarT ruseTis
politikaze XX saukunis miwurulSi: `amierkavkasia politikuri da
samxedro TvalsazrisiT ukve ori saukunea, rac ruseTis interesTa
umniSvnelovanes sferodaa miCneuli... ruseTma gadawyvita am qveynebSi
politikur-ekonomikuri cxovrebis destabilizaciis gamowveva, am gziT
surda eCvenebina, rom mxolod Zlier, centralizebul saxelmwifos
SeuZlia ssrk-is daSlis Semdeg aq warmoSobili qaosis daTrgunva...
eTnikur-teritoriulma winaaRmdegobebma da konfliqtebma, romlebic
amierkavkasiaSi arsebobda meoce saukunis pirvel meoTxedSi da
romelTagan zogierTi bolSevikebma `daakonserves~, zogierTi ki
piriqiT, kidev ufro gaamwvaves, rTuli formiT wamoyves Tavi sabWoTa
kavSiris daSlis Semdeg... saqarTvelos mier damoukideblobis
mopovebis Semdeg mis teritoriaze ramdenime cxeli wertili
warmoiSva. samwuxarod, ori maTgani (qarTul-osuri da afxazeTi) male
SeiaraRebul konfliqtSi gadaizarda _ politikur mimoxilvaSi
cxaddeba, rom sabWoTa ruseTisaTvis qarTuli eTnosi Tavisi
dinamizmiT, sococxlisunarianobiT, maRali inteleqtualuri
potencialis wyalobiTa da, amasTan, damoukideblobis gamZafrebuli
moTxovnilebiT metad saSiS Zalas warmoadgenda. amis gamo
centraluri xelisufleba qarTvelTa mimarT atarebda politikas,
romelic mimarTuli iyo am qveyanaSi mcxovrebi sxva erebis
gasaZlireblad qarTvelTa xarjze. uZveles qarTul miwaze
67
farTovdeboda somexTa, osTa, rusTa da azerbaijanelTa dasaxlebebic
ki, aTasgvari sababiT asaxlebdnen qveynis gareT qarTvel mahmadianebs
anda cdilobdnen maT gaazerbaijanelebas~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50;
igulisxmeba ingiloTa bedi). ruseTi interesdeba kavkasiis zogierTi
provinciiT, rac aZlevs SesaZleblobas ruseTis modificirebuli
imperiis Sesaqmnelad. sinamdvileSi ruseTi ver daeyrdnoba `sust~
eTnoumciresobas, rogorsac e. w. `ingiloebi~ warmoadgenen. avtori
rus publicistebs iSveliebs da acxadebs: `ruseTis damokidebuleba
yofil mokavSire respublikebsa Tu erovnuli moZraobebisadmi
sruliad gasxvavebulia. es, upirveles yovlisa, iqidan gamomdinareobs,
Tu ra konkretuli sargebloba aqvs ruseTs TiToeuli am respublikis
an moZraobisagan da ramdenad emorCileba TiToeuli maTgani moskovis
xelisuflebas~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). rus politologTa koncefciis
mixedviT, ruseTis interesebSi Sedis kavkasiis eTnikurad daxleCa, ris
Semdegadac SesaZlebeli gaxdeba kavkasiis Sesvla ruseTis
saxelmwifos proteqtoratis qveS.
samwuxarod, eTnikuri daxleCiT ar Semoifargleba azerbaijanis
xelisufleba da aSkarad avlens asimilaciis tendenciebs: `1959 wels
saingiloSi mcxovreb oci aTas qarTvels CamoarTves pasportebi da
xuTi Tvis Semdeg kvlav daubrunes, oRond azerbaijanuli gvarebiT.
amis Semdeg azerbaijanis komunisturi xelisufleba iqaur qarTvelebs
ingiloebad anu `axalmoqceulebad~ (qarTulenovan Turqmenul tomad)
moixseniebda~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). istoriuli samarTlianobis
aRdgenis mcdelobaSi monawile saqarTvelos parlamentis deputati,
mwerali revaz miSvelaZe acxadebs, rom xuTiode wlis win, roca
saqarTveloSi Camosvlas apirebda heidar alievi, SoTa niSnianiZes,
rezo CxeiZes, levan sanikiZesa da mas gvar-saxelis aRdgenis sakiTxis
prezidentebis doneze gadawyvita mouTxoviaT, Tumca maSin megobari
qveynis prezidents ar awyenines. axla baqoSi saqarTvelos
parlamentis delegaciiT, romelsac nino burjanaZe xelmZRvanelobda,
68
rezo miSvelaZe swored am problemaze sasaubrod Cadis, `imitom
gadavwyvite am delegaciis wevroba, rom alievTan Sexvedrisas es
mtkivnuli sakiTxi wamomeWra~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). Sexvedrisas
heidar alievs uRiarebia, rom ormoci wlis winaT sabWoTa
azerbaijanSi didi usamarTloba moxda: `aseTiO ram pirvelad mesmis
da mikvirs, Cemamde es sakiTxi ratom ar aRwevdao~ (yuloSvili 2004:
25-50). gaica Sesabamisi gankargulebebi, Tumca zaqaTala-belaqanis
raionebis mkvidri, amJamad Tsu-s studentebi, romelTac survili
gamoTqves gvaris aRdgenisa, uariT gamoistumres. r. miSvelaZis TqmiT:
`miuxedavad heidar alievis mcdelobisa, albaT, zogierT nacionalist
Cinovniks sxva miznebi aqvs da ingiloebisTvis qarTuli gvarebis
dabrunebis winaaRmdegia~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). mwerals saWirod
miaCnda, rom saqarTvelos parlamentis wevrebTan, masmediis
warmomadgenlebTan, sazogado moRvaweebTan erTad Casuliyo
saingiloSi, Sexvedroda sapasporto samsaxuris TanamSromlebs;
maTTvis gaecno alievTan Sexvedris videoCanaweri, agreTve,
saxelmwifoTaSorisi komisiis gadawyvetileba da eTxova, rom
procesisiTvis xeli ar SeeSalaT.
mwerali nugzar SataiZe hereTis istoriis mimoxilvis Semdeg
ixsenebs TurqeTSi mcxovrebi vinme mamed-emin qaias (yofili makariZis)
naTqvams: `gaumarjos qristian saqarTveloso~ devinaxe dawerili, Cuen
ras gvebneviT, TurqieSi milion qarTuelsa, saqarTvelo Cueni arena
iyo?! es ar gamodis karga! Cueni ra bralia, rome muslimi
gavmxdarvarT, maSin dros moutania muslimoba Cueni ZuelebisaTvis,
Cuen ra vqnaT axla?~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
politikur faqtors religiuri dapirispireba amZafrebs. rogorc
iTqva, zaqaTalasa da belaqanSi mahmadiani qarTvelebi cxovroben,
xolo kaxis raionSi _ qristiani-marTlmadideblebi. religiur fonze
Sida eTnikuri dapirispireba mZafrdeba, amas erTvis isic, rom
mahmadiani qarTvelebi azerbaijanul gvar-saxels atareben (maTi
69
nawilis dauRalavi mcdelobis miuxedavad, mama-papiseuli gvaris
aRdgenas ver axerxeben). `kaki kidev Zvelad Tavisufali yofila,
yovelive xarjisa da gadasaxadisagan ganTavisuflebuli, radgan misi
mcxovrebni yaraulis _ darajis rols asrulebdnen. sofeli qurmuxis
viwro xeobaSia SeWrili, saidanac gza daResatanSi gadadis, amitom
kakelni darajad idgnen, rom ar SemoeSvaT, gza ar miecaT
saqarTvelos asaklebad wamosul lekTa urdoebisaTvis. saqarTvelos
mefeni did pativs scemednen maT, anebivrebdnen da asaCuqrebdnen, raTa
kargad da muyaiTad aesrulebinaT TavianTi movaleoba. am
ganebivrebisagan warmosdga maTi siamaye, Tavisuflebismoyvareoba da
Seupovroba. sruliad winaaRmdegs warmoadgenen elisenis (aliabadis)
ingiloebi; yvelaferSi etyobaT, rom winaT lekTa batonobas maTze
didi daRi dausvams~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). aRsaniSnavia isic, rom
`ingilours sruliad gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs qarTuli enis
mravalricxovan dialeqtTa Soris. ingilouri or kilokavad iyofa:
kakurad da aliabadurad. kakuri ingiloelTa umravlesobis salapa-
rako kolokavia, masze metyvelebs ingiloebiT dasaxlebuli 10
sofeli kaxis raionSi. aliabaduri ki mahmadianuri ingiloebis
metyvelebaa. eseni ZiriTadad Zveli Warisa anu amJamindeli zaqaTalis
raionSi Semavali soflis _ aliabadis mkvidrni arian~ (yuloSvili
2004: 25-50).
mematianeTa TqmiT, saingilos teritoria mofenilia marTlmadi-
debluri eklesiis nangrevebiT (adamia 1979). `mkvlevarni amtkiceben,
rom eklesia-saydrebis nangrevTa naSTebi da maTi kvali saqarTvelos
arc erT mxareSi ise uxvad ar iZebneba, rogorc saingilos
teritoriaze~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
Sida dapirispirebis garda, erovnuli umciresoba religiuri
problemebiTac upirispirdeba azerbaijanis dominant mosaxleobas. am
faqts warmoaCens gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika~: `saingiloSi
giorgobis dResaswaulze qurmuxis saydarSi misvliT adgilobrivma
70
molam `marxva gatexa~, Tumca moqalaqeobrivi vali moixada da
`politikuri naRmi~ kidev erTi muWa miwiT daasamara. swored `oruj
bairami~ aRmoCnda mizezi imisa, rom wleuls wina aTwleulebTan
SedarebiT qurmuxis momlocvelTa Soris albanuri fesvebis maZiebel
azerbaijanelTa simcire SeiniSneboda~. avtori avtoritetebs
iSveliebs _ mariam lorTqifaniZe, akademikosi: `istoriuli hereTis,
dRevandeli saingilos teritoriis mcire nawili garkveulwilad
albaneTis SemadgenlobaSi Sedioda. aq jer arabebi movidnen, Semdeg
Turq-selCukebi dasaxldnen, Semdeg gardatexis xanaa... albaneTi
TandaTan mahmadianur qveynad iqca. albaneTi _ es kavkasiuri
warmoSobis, qristiani, sakuTari damwerlobis mqone eri gamahmadianda...
moxda asimilacia. saingiloSi mcxovrebi azerbaijanelebi istoriuli
albaneTis uSualo Camomavlebi arian Tu im Turq-selCukebis, romle-
bic movidnen da dasaxldnen, veravin ityvis. mahmadianebi rom modian
qristianul taZarSi, es SeiZleba imiT aixsnas, rom saqarTvelos
istoriaSi xSiria SemTxveva, roca qarTveli mefeebi
marTlmadideblur Zeglebs Zveli warmarTuli salocavebis adgilas
aSenebdnen. dgas qristianuli eklesia, veravin idavebs imaze, rom
qurmuxis saydari marTlmadidebluri ar aris!~
zurab ekalaZe, Tbilisis sasuliero akademiis pedagogi: `XV
saukunidan ruseTTan SeerTebamde, erTiani saxelmwifos daSlis
Semdeg, kaxeTis samefos dros oTxi eparqia arsebobda: rusTavis,
bodbis, alaverdisa da nekrisis, ukanaskneli alazans gaRma mxares
moicavda~.
ruseTis mier saqarTvelos aneqsiis Semdeg qveynis avtokefaliac
gauqmda. 1917-18 wlebSi damoukideblobasTan erTad avtokefaliac
aRdga. 1921 wels, gasabWoebis Semdeg, saingilo saqarTvelos
Camoaciles. miuxedavad amisa, uwmidesisa da unetaresis, sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis, ilia II-is, ZalisxmeviT iqauri
eklesiebi sapatriaqos daqvemdebarebaSia~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
71
zemoxsenebuli publikaciis avtori gulistkiviliT aRniSnavs, rom
adgilobrivi media cdilobs qurmuxis qristianuli taZari,
qarTvelebisa da qristianobis simbolo saingiloSi, aq kompaqturad
Casaxlebuli azerbaijanelebisa da aborigeni qarTvelobis saerTo
salocavad gamoacxados. publikaciaSi citirebulia gazeT `Selales~
qarTulenovani redaqciis anonimuri statia _ `locvis dRe kaxSi~ (1998
w.), romelSic aRniSnuli tendencia naTlad vlindeba. erovnuli
intersebidan gamomdinare, avtori mkiTxvelTa yuradRebas amaxvilebs
im saSiSroebaze, rom adgilobrivi xelisuflebis CagonebiT qristi-
anuli dResaswauli (giorgoba) male SeiZleba saxalxo zeimad iqces.
dafiqsirebulia adgilobrivTa SeSfoTebac: `erT dros aq ubralo
xalxi amodioda, axla ki adgilobrivi xelisufleba Tavad aris
dainteresebuli, rom mRvdlis gverdiT molac amovides. sagaloblebs
ki naRra-zurnis xma aRSobdes~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). konfliqti
yofiTi situaciebidanac SeiZleba warmosdges, erT-erTi respondenti
eWvobs, azerbaijanelTa daintereseba marTlmadidebluri ZegliT
Zveli qristianobis anarekli iyos...~ avtori, iqidan gamomdinare, rom
es xuroTmoZRvruli Zegli sapatriarqos garda azerbaijanis ZeglTa
dacvis komitetsac eqvemdebareba orive uwyebas am eklesiis amoqme-
debisaken mouwodebs, amisaTvis saqmeSi saqarTvelos ZeglTa dacvis
komitetis CarTvasac moiTxovs da problemis mogvarebac ase esaxeba.
saingilos qarTvelebs am 6-7 wlis winaT ukrZalavdnen kidec
qurmuxis saydarSi misvlas, axla es nebadarTulia, Tumca `Сейчас они
уже могут посещать ее, хотя из всего количества посетителей грузины
составляют примерно 10%. Этот факт здесь комментируют по разному.
Некоторые считают, что азербаиджанцев в церковь специально привозят на
автобусах, чтобы они численно превосходили грузин, а иные говорят – пусть
мусульмане, если они верят в чудодейственную силу этой церкви, молятся с
христианами~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
72
`kavkasiur saxlSi~ ingiloTa xvedrze mogvianebiT saubrobdnen.
Sexvedris amsaxvel publikaciaSi respondentis am sakiTxTan
dakavSirebuli guliswyroma amovikiTxeT: `Жители Эрети для сохранения
родного языка и веры предпочитают оставить свои родные места и переселиться
в Грузию. Мы хотели поддерживать дружеские отношения с Азербайджаном
однако дружба не должна быть односторонней. Нельзя попирать чужие права, в
том числе и право на свободу вероисповедания~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
erT-erTi avtori saingiloSi qristianobis malulad SenarCunebis
tradiciebze saubrobs da Tanamedrove analogs saqarTvelos istoriis
swavlebaSic amCnevs: `Tanamgzavri imasac SemogCivlebs, rom qarTvel
bavSvebs mSobliuri eris istorias aRar acnoben, im fakultaturi
saaTebis xarjzec ki, romelic imis SiSiT gaauqmes gasul wels, rom
pedagogebi gakveTilze istoriis gamyalbeblad ar eqceT?!...
ingiloebic Zvels xerxs mimarTaven, isini saqarTvelos istorias
malulad ecnobian!... ai, Turme saidan icis mosaubrem Tavisi kuTxisa
da eris Sesaxeb... magram megzurobas ver gagiwevs is, vinc istoriis
qartexilSi sakuTari saxeli da gvari daiviwya... Turme, istoriis
saxelmZRvaneloebis gatana sastikad akrZalulia. bunebrivia, ar surT
erovnuli marcvali gaaRvivon azerbaijanSi darCenil qarTvelTa
Soris~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
ganaTlebis sakiTxebze saubars bevrgan wavawydiT. saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo kancelariis erovnebaTSorisi urTierTobis ganyofilebis
referent lado aslamazaSvilis gancxadebiT, `Грузия в 2002 году
выделила 30 тыс. лари для приобретения учебников для соплеменников за
рубежом, из них – 20 тыс. для школьников Саингило. Для грузинского населения
Саингило ежегодно выделяется лимит – 70 мест в ВУЗ-ах Грузии~ (yuloSvili
2004: 25-50). aborigen qarTvelebs saingiloSi cxovrebis sanacvlod
gaazerbaijanelebas sTxoven: `И сегодня нам говорят, что если мы хотим
жить в этом районе то должны стать азербайджанцами. Во многих деревнях
грузинский язык знают лишь те, кому за пятьдесят. Впрочем, в грузинских деревнях
73
пока еще существуют грузинские школы, но и они на грани закрытия... В годы
советской власти, когда в Грузии было 164 азербайджанских школ, никогда не
ставился вопрос о закрытии грузинских школ в Азербайждане к сожалению, политика
направлена на то, чтобы мусульмане-грузины забыли и свой родной язык~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
azerbaijanis respublikis teritoriaze arsebobs 12 skola,
romlebSic qarTul enaze mimdinareobs swavleba: zaqaTalis raioni _
4 (oTxive Sereuli); belaqanis raioni _ 1 (Sereuli) da kaxis raioni _
7 (erTi Sereuli da erTi cxraklasiani). `kavkasiur saxlSi~
saingilos warmomadgenelTa Sexvedrisas gairkva, rom `В грузинских
школах Кахского района с октября прошлого года а в Закатала и Белаканы – уже
многие годы не преподаются история и география Грузии даже на факультативном
порядке~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). amis mizezad saxeldeba is, rom amier-
kavkasiis umciresobebs (saqarTveloSi arsebul ukrainul skolaSic
ki) ar aswavlian mSobliur istorias, es iwvevs adgilobrivTa
guliswyromas: `Педагог Кахской первой средней школы Эмзар Сукашвили с
горечью отметил, что грузины в Саингило стали неким балансирующим механизмом
азербайжданцев, компактно проживающих в Грузии, в Квемо Картли, в действи-
тельности, представители обеих наций оказываются в проигрыше~ (yuloSvili
2004: 25-50). am faqts exmianeba mweral naira gelaSvilis mogoneba:
`Выражение – Кавказ наш общий дом - принадлежит прекрасному азербайджанскому
учено-тюркологу, литератору Айдину Мамедову. В 1990 году Айдин Мамедов
руководивший центром переводчиков Азербайджана, встретился в Тбилиси с
делегацией Армении. Естественно, вопрос коснулся Карабахской проблемы. Тогда
прозвучало соображение, что к несчастью, у народов кавказа нет общей идей, без
которой нацилнальное движение окажется ложным и гибельным. Кавказ стал
полигоном военных маневров и для его спасения народы, населяющие его, должны
объявить мораторий на всякий территориальные притязания друг к другу, хотя бы на
10-15 лет! За это время страны Кавказа окрепнут экономически и может быть, не
захотят уже воевать~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). saqarTveloSi mosaxle
azerbaijanelTa problemebze msjelobisas 1989 wels aidin mamedovi
74
acxadebda: `Если азербайджанцы совершают что-либо такое, что будет против
Грузии, то... я, в свою очередь, позабочусь о жителях Саингило...~ aidin mamedovs
parlamentarobisas prezidentobis kandidatadac ganixilavdnen, Tumca
amgvari liberaluri gamosvlebi ar awyobda azerbaijanis xelisuf-
lebas da amis Semdeg aidin mamedovi gaurkvevel viTarebaSi daiRupa...
orive eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebiT dakompleqtebuli
Sereuli komisia didi xania arsebobs, swored mas evaleba ganaTlebis,
kerZod, mSobliuri istoriisa da geografiis swavlebis sakiTxis
mogvareba: `Специальная комиссия, созданная из ученых обеих стран с целью
избавить учебники истории от фальсификсции, бездействует из-за отсутствия
финансирования~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). aRsaniSnavia isic, rom, saxelmZ-
Rvanelos gadatanisas ori saxelmwifos sazRvarze problema Cndeba:
`Четыре года назад на Азербайджанской таможне возникли проблемы в связи с
перевозкой 10 тысяч учебников грузинского языка. Были отобраны учебники истории
и атлас Грузии. Перевезти позволили лишь небольшую часть груза~ (yuloSvili
2004: 25-50). samwuxarod, misi miznmimarTulad ganawileba xelovnurad
ferxdeba: `Проблемой является и то, что финансируемое из бюджета Грузии
снабжение школьников Саингило учебниками из Грузии не достигает цели, так как
учебники, доставленные на места «распределяются» представителями местных властей
по их усмотрению~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). arasamTavrobo seqtoris
warmomadgenelma zaur xalilovma, avtoris TqmiT, racionaluri wina-
dadeba SesTavaza mesazRvreTa TviTnebobiT gulmosul saingilos
warmomadgenels: `Если на границе даже и у официальных представителей
возникают проблемы, почему вы не ставите эту проблему более масштабно, тем более,
что Азербайджан стал членом совета Европы и, соответственно, обязан защищать
права человека~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
saingiloSi Casulebs qarTuli skolis monaxulebisaTvis sWir-
debaT adgilobrivi ganaTlebis ganyofilebidan nebarTva. avtorebi
xSirad gamoTqvamen gulistkivils, rom `direqtoris saxeze sixarulis
nacvlad SeSfoebas vkiTxulobT. mogvanebiT amis mizezsac vigebT. Tu
75
skolis SenobaSi romelime qarTveli cekvas anda simReras gabedavs,
igi samsaxurs daemSvidobeba. qalbatoni naTela (skolis direqtori)
madlobasac ki agresiulad gveubneba da ZrwoliT uyurebs Cvens
Tanmxleb maspinZlebs. miuxedavad yvelafrisa, qarTul skolaSi
qarTuli hangebi mainc gaisma. ingilo vaJkacebma cdunebas ver
gauZles, naCuqar sakravebze Camohkres da qarTulad SemosZaxes,
mravalJamierma azerbaijanel CinovnikTa saxeze nervic ki ar aatoka.
qarTuli skolis dirqtors ki erTi suli hqonda, iqaurobas gavclo-
diT~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
amgvar problemas waawyda ia merkvilaZec: `Оказалось, что местные
власти не в восторге от того, что наша делегация в 30 человек посетит грузинскую
школу~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). adgilobrivi ganaTlebis ganyofilebis
xelmZRvanelis Tanxmobis Semdeg isini Sexvdnen skolis moswavleebs,
romelTa Txovna gulis siRrmes swvdeba: `Пожалуйста, привозите грузинские
книги, игрушек нам не нужно, мы уже большие~.
saingilos mkvidri Temur alievi, _ Tbilisis saxelmwifo samedi-
cino universitetis mexuTekurseli, _ `saqwignis~ mier gamarTul wig-
nebis bazrobaze yoveldRe cxaddeba: `jer wigns gadausvams xels,
TiTqos eferebao, Semdeg yidulobs, Caixutebs da midis~ (yuloSvili
2004: 25-50). aseTi damokidebuleba iman ganapiroba, rom saingilo
qarTuli wignebiT arasdros yofila ganebivrebuli. amitom arc is
aris gasakviri, ingilo studenti xSirad rom stumrobs Camofasebuli
wignebis bazrobas. gazeTis saiubileo nomerSi aRniSnuli masala
imitomac moxvda, rom saingilos problemebs araerTxel gamoxmaurebia
da iqaurebis siyvarulic daumsaxurebia _ `kargi iqneboda, Tqveni
gazeTi saingiloSic vrceldebodeso~... (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
Cven ukve visaubreT termin `ingilos~ Sesaxeb, Tumca ganxilul
masalebSi xSirad saubroben am sakiTxze da gverds verc Cven avuvliT:
`Ингило~ _ означает принявший другую веру~, am publikaciaSi respondentis
guliswyroma amovikiTxeT: `Сами грузины называют нас ингилойцами, как будто
76
все хотят забыть, что там живут грузины, число которых в трёх районах Эрети
(Кахском, Закатальском и Белаканском) составляет более 32 тыс. человек~... sxvagan
_ `Ингило~, по-арабски «Хенгилоус», означает обращенных в веру – но мы не
обращены! Мы грузины – Эретцы. Начиная с Шаха Аббаса, нас вынуждали поменять
веру, пытали, но мы выстояли. Сейчас нас никто не беспокоит, но... лет 10 назад
наше село называлось – «Кахкартвели» – «Кахгрузинское», но власти поменяли ему
название. Сейчас оно называется «Кахингило»~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
eTnografiuli saxelebis Secvla ra mosatania imasTan, rac
qarTvelTa gamuslimebas erTvis _ gaazerbaijaneleba. `megzurobas ver
gagiwevs is, vinc istoriis qartexilSi sakuTari saxeli da gvari
daiviwya... dilaobiT, roca minareTeli soflis bolos locvas
aRavlens, soflis Tavs `mravalJamieri~ avsebs... uneburad
ufskrulebis siRrmis sazomad nasroli kenWi gagondeba, aq rom jiS-
jilagis, sisxlis yivilis mravalJamierad axmianda da zogierT
raionSi (zaqaTala, belaqani) eqosac aRar iZleva erebis gaTqvefa-
Sesisxlxorcebis gamo...~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). qarTuli gvaris
aRdgenis sakiTxi metad aqtualuri sakiTxia, Tumca am Temaze presa
ratomRac dums. es sakiTxi Cvens xelT arsebul publikaciebs Soris
mxolod erTgan amovikiTxeT: `Грузины, проживающие в Закатала-Белаканы
массово носящие азербайджанские фамилии, говорили о предоставлении им
возможности востановить грузинские фамилии. Несмотря на вмешательство
законодательных органов Грузии, этот вопрос еще не может решиться положительно.
Местные власти в этом районе пытаются держать местное грузинское население в
полной изоляции от грузинских делегаций, приезжающих в регион, а также от
населения Кахского района, в большей степени сохранившего свою этническую
идентичность. Художественный ргрузинского народного театра в связи с этим заявил:
«Раньше эта проблема не существовала... она принесена временем и ее решение мы
должны искать в самих себе~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
mniSvnelovania imis gaTvaliswinebac, rom adgilobriv qarTvelebs
mkafiod gamoxatuli erovnuli interesebi gaaCniaT da nebismier
77
gadakrul sityvasac gamoxmaurebiT pasuxoben. amis TvalsaCino
magaliTia `muxis foToli~, romelSic avtori mxatvruli elementebis
moSveliebiT exmianeba nugzar SataiZis publikacias. `mxolod am
sityvebis gamoc... magram saingilo da venaxi?! saingiloSi Turme
dResac wuraven yurZens da `dedas purebsac~ acxoben, iqaur haerSi
isev qarTuli surneli trialebs~ _ avtori eWvs gamohyavs
mdgomareobidan da epigrafad iSveliebs reza xuciSvilis, fereidneli
qarTvelis, sityvebs: _ `mijobs iranSi gurji miwodon, vidre
saqarTveloSi TaTari~ _ yvelaze kargad gamoxatavs mdgomareobas
sityvebi: _ `venaxeb binazec goqonda aCexes qarTulTan siaxlovis
gamo... Tambaqos plantaciebi gaaSenes... qarTulTan Seugueblobis gamo...
axla maT adgilas simindis Walebia.. axalmoxnulze miwidan vazis
jiRa Tu amovardes aravis ukvirs, radgan yvelam icis, Cveneburmac,
araCveneburmac, sakuTar gulSi yvelas uTqvams: `qarTuli fesvebis
siZlieres droc ver gastexs...~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
saingiloSi dRis wesriSi dgas kulturuli avtonimiis sakiTxi.
orive saxelmwifos mcdeloba am sferos aRorZinebisa qvedadinebebis
gamo ver xorcieldeba: `stumrad myofma ministrebma SarSan kaxSi
kulturis centri da ingilo moRvawis mose janaSvilis memorialuri
dafac gaxsnes... simbolurad. samomavlod gadaido mose janaSvilis
saxl-muzeumis gaxsna, axali qarTuli gazeTis gamocema... axali
qarTuli gazeTi ki ara, azerbaijanul enaze gamomavali gazeTis
`Selales~ erTi qarTulenovani gverdic moispo. kaxis kulturis
centrs erTi dRec ar umuSavia~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). mogvianebiT
saqarTvelos kulturis saministros iniciativiT mxatvruli
literatura, saingiloSi arsebuli ansamblebisTvis musikaluri
sakravebi, kaxis raionis kulturis centrisaTvis ramdenime ferweruli
tilo Caitanes am uwyebis warmomadgenlebma. kulturis centris ufunq-
ciobis ramdenime mizezi arsebobs. `sasurvelia, azerbaijanis
kulturis saministrom mas sami Stati mainc gamouyos~ _ gia
78
cqitiSvili, kulturis minitris moadgile adgilobriv azerbaijanel
Cinovnikebs axsenebs, rom 1996 wels daarsebuli azerbaijanis
kulturis centri saqarTveloSi warmatebiT funqciobs. xaim mamedovma
mSvidad moismina gia cqitiSvilis sityvebi da saTqmeli ramdenime
winadadebiT gamoxata _ ver dageTanxmebiT, TiTqos kaxis raionis
qarTuli kulturis centri usaqmod iyos, Tumca, arc imas uarvyofT,
rom Cvens daxmarebas saWiroeben. ufro mTavari, albaT, is aris, rom
xels ar vuSliT. uwinaresad, yvelaferze ori qveynis kulturis
ministrebi unda SeTanxmdnen da Semdeg koordinirebas Tavad gavuwevT~
(yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
kulturis centrs miRma rCeba qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da
saeklesio galobis ansambli `lazare~, romelsac Tbilisis
saxelmwifo universitetis Jurnalistikis fakultetmaOumaspinZla.
aRniSnul movlenas sami publikacia exmianeba. `koncerts, romelic
Jurnalistikis fakultetisa da ingiloTa ansamblis `lazares~
erToblivi ZalebiT gaimarTa, mayurebeli namdvilad ar mohklebia;
koncertma yvela damswres esTetikuri siamovnebis garda, samSoblos
`gasakvirveli gancdac~ daubruna da amiTac aRmoCnda es dRe
mniSvnelovani, rogorc stumrebisaTvis, aseve maspinZlebisaTvis, Tumca
am SemTxvevaSi am stumar-maspinZlobam qarTvelebisaTvis raRaciT Cveu-
ls gadaaWarba, Tundac imitom, rom ingiloebs mxolod stumrebs ver
davarqmevT, isini istoriul samSobloSi _ saqarTveloSi marTavdnen
TavianT pirvel koncerts, pirvels, radgan ansambls `lazares~ da
patara mocekvaveebsac Tsu-s Junalistikis fakultetis TaosnobiTa da
xelSewyobiT eRirsaT didi koncertis gamarTva saqarTveloSi... ansam-
blis wevrebi madlierebas ver faravdnen im adamianTa mimarT,
romelTac `hereTobis~ ase kargad organizebaSi TavianTi wvlili
Seitanes da am madlierebasTan erTad _ SeZlebulma pirovnebebma iqneb
erTxel daafinanson Cveni ansamblio _ esec iTxoves ingiloebma~
avtors miaCnia, rom amgvari qvelmoqmdebiT ara mxolod materi-
79
alur problemas mougvareben ingiloTa erT-erT ansambls, aramed
saSviliSvilo tradiciasac daudeben saTaves.
am faqts `Кавказский Акцент~-Sic exmianebian publikaciiT `Воскре-
щение Лазаря!~, romelSic naTqvamia: `В ансамбле «Лазаре» непрофессионалов
больше, чем профессионалов. Его значение для сохранения грузинского этноса в
негрузинском окружении трудно переоценить, так как грузинская народная песня,
известная во всем мире, как уникальное явление, отражающее дух народа, является
незаменимой для выполнения этой задачи~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
ansamblis Seqmnis istorias gvamcnobs da dedaqalaqSi maTi morigi
stumrobis Sesaxeb gviyveba TaTia baliaSvili: `mravali aTeuli wlis
ganmavlobaSi saingilos qarTuli xalxuri simReris madli aklda.
saqarTvelodan mxolod iSviaTad stumrad Casuli ansamblebi Tu
umRerebdnen qarTul simReras danatrebulebs. Tavadac mRerodnen aqa-
iq yurmokruls, zogjer kargad, xSirad ki damaxinjebulad... 1987
wels kaxis raionis sofel kakSi (oficialurad `kaxingilo~) ori
axalgazrda, gia kalandaZe da daviT SuRliaSvili, Cavida, iq
adgilobriv mkvidrTagan xalxuri simReris gundi `Svidkaca~
Camoayaliba, aswavla ramdenime simRera da erT weliwadSi datova
saingilo. cota xans kidev iarseba uxelmZRvanelod darCenilma
`Svidkacam~ da bolos daiSala... 2001 wlis 23 noembers kakis mkvid-
rma, sergo zaqariaZis saxelobis kultsaganmanaTleblo saswav-
leblis kursdamTavrebulma, zura tartaraSvilma Sekriba yofili
`Svidkacas~ ramdenime wevri da xalxuri simRerebis ansambli `la-
zare~ Seqmna~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
ansamblis morigi maspinZloba TavisTavze aiRo Tbilisis meriis
kulturis samsaxurma da firmam `hermesi plusi~. al. griboedovis
saxelobis saxelmwifo rusuli dramatuli Teatris samxatvro
xelmZRvanelma avTo varsimaSvilma gunds koncertis gasamarTavad
usasyidlod dauTmo Teatris darbazi. Jurnalisti sayvedurs
80
gamoTqvams _ darbazi sanaxevrodac ar Seivso imis gamo, rom
organizatorebma reklamaze ar izrunes.
avtori saubrobs im problemazec, romelic `lazares~ ganviTa-
rebas aferxebs: `mas sarepeticio Senobac ki ar gaaCnia. saqarTvelosa
da azerbaijanis kulturis saministroebis mier ori wlis winaT kakSi
`gaxsnili~ kulturis centris cariel SenobaSic, romelsac dRemde
klite adevs, ratomRac ver gamoinaxa am gundisaTvis erTi oTaxi.
amitom ansamblis wevrebi erTmaneTis ojaxebSi, xSirad ki, Ria cis
qveS atareben repeticias. gunds saerTo seni, `ufulobac~ awuxebs,
momRerlebs Coxa-axaluxebic ara aqvT (Tumca, am koncertis dRes
`hermesi plusis~ prezidentma gia nucubiZem scenaze ganacxada,
seqtembrisaTvis ansamblis yvela wevrs erovnuli samosi eqnebao!)~
(yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
avtors imeds unergavs is, rom `lazares~ wevrebi hereTSi, Tundac
Ria cis qveS, qarTul simReras mRerian.
ansamblis erT-erTma xelmZRvanelma, emzar suyaSvilma, mogvi-
anebiT `kavkasiur saxlSi~ gamarTul seminarze miuTiTa: `В отличие от
театра, имеющего возможность знакомить со своим творчеством лишь
незначительную часть населения, их ансамбль знакомит с грузинской полифонической
музыкой и местным фольклорным материалом 99% населения. Единственным путем
спасения этнической самобытности населения он считает культурно-
просветительскую деятельность~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
amave Sexvedraze saingilos qarTuli Teatris samxatvro
xelmZRvanelma, dito barixaSvilma, ganacxada: `Хотя театр лишен
элементарных условий для творческой работы, мы востановим старый репертуар,
создадим новые спектакли~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). soso bakuraZe, Teatr-
studia `hereTis~ xelmZRvaneli, adgilobriv niWier axalgazrdebs
eZebs dasis Sesavsebad: `Он помогает местным авторам в создании пьес,
отражающих местную проблематику. Он собирается также показать скетчи,
поставленные в театре на азербайджанском языке, и в других районах Азербайджана,
81
что по его мнению, будет способствовать интеграции местных грузин в общество
страны~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
Teatris Sesaxeb ufro dawvrilebiT cnobebs gvawvdis Jurnali
`omega~. publikaciaSi Teatris istoriaa moTxrobili: `saingilos
qarTuli Teatri, romelic reJisorma anzor dolenjaSvilma oci
wlis winaT daaarsa, amas winaT daxurvis piradac ki aRmoCnda, im
ubralo mizeziT, rom ori saxelwodebis mqone erT SemoqmedebiT
koleqtivs orxelisuflebianobis pirobebSi uwevda muSaoba. Tavdapir-
velad anzor dolenjaSvili dramatul dass xelmZRvanelobda,
romelsac 1985 wlidan azerbaijanis kulturis saministrom saxalxo
Teatris statusi mianiWa, gamoyo reJisorisa da samxatvro
xelmZRvanelis Stati da wlebis ganmavlobaSi afinansebda kidec. oTxi
wlis Semdeg ki, saxalxo Teatris bazaze saqarTvelom, materialuri
mxardaWeris mizniT, Teatr-studia `hereTi~ Seqmna, orsaxelian dass
Teatris sulisCamdgmeli _ anzor dolenjaSvili xelmZRvanelobda,
sanam fulis gaflangvis braldebiT ar CamoaSorebdnen. `Teatrma unda
iarsebos! Cven daRupvis ufleba ara gvaqvs!~ _ erTsulovani iyo dasi,
romlis wevrebsac Segnebul-gaTviTcnobierebuli hqondaT misi
erovnuli mniSvneloba saingiloSi. dapirispirebas iwvevda ori
xelmZRvaneli: saqarTvelos kulturis saministrosagan mivlinebuli
leonti SioSvili da adgilobrivi xelisuflebis mier daniSnuli
naili ToflaSvili. am sakiTxze maT Teatris oci wlis iubilesTan
dakavSirebiT saingiloSi Casul saqarTvelosa da azerbaijanis
kulturis ministrebs, sesili gogiberiZesa da folad bulbuloRlis
mimarTes, TbilisSic Camovidnen da sakiTxis saxelmwifoebriv doneze
gadawyvetis nacvlad ori Tvis saguldagulo SerCevisa da dasis
survilis gaTvaliswinebiT Teatr-studia `hereTis~ samxatvro
xelmZRvanelad domenti barixaSvili daniSnes, Tumca orxelisufle-
bianoba amiT ver aRmoifxvra anu problema problemad darCa~
(yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
82
amis miuxedavad, reJisorma dito barixaSvilma premiera warudgina
mayurebels _ edgar pos `doqtor papaCatis valsi~. premieram
wamatebiT Caiara. kulturis ministris moadgilem, g. cqitiSvilma,
saministros dramatuli Teatrebis sammarTvelos ufrosma z.
oikaSvilma da Teatris axalma direqtorma s. bakuraZem msaxiobebsL v.
malumaSvils, g. SioSvils, b. WaWaSvilsa da S. emraSvils Rirsebis
ordenebi gadasces, rac SemoqmedebiTi stimulia adgilobrivebisaTvis.
amasTan, avtori Teatris (kulturis saxlis) dabzarul kedlebze,
naxevradamortizebul iatakze saubrobs da saqarTveloSi qvelmoqmed
adamianebs daxmarebisaTvis mimarTavs. sxvaTa Soris, avtori is guliko
mamulaSvilia, romelic saingiloSi qarTuli dramatuli dasis
daarsebis dRidan misi gulSematkivari da Tanamdomia.
ufro adre ki, Teatris oci wlis iubilisadmi miZRvnil
publikaciaSi avtori nino kikilaSvili-maCabeli a. dolenjiSvilis
avtoritetis reabilitaciaze saubrobs...
a. xoravas saxelobis msaxiobis saxlma saingilos Teatrs
umaspinZla, warmodgenili iyo edgar pos `doqtor papaCatis valsi~ da
vl. maliaginis `mama arseni~. `saingilos qarTuli Teatris Camosvlis
mizani aris is, rom qarTvelma mayurebelma kidev erTxel gaixsenos
alibeglos Teatris arseboba~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50) _ ganacxada
Teatris samxatvro xelmZRvanelma d. barixaSvilma.
mogvianebiT alibeglos ilia WavWavaZis saxelobis TeatrSi
daidga qarTveli mwerlis, profesionali diplomatis, azerbaijanSi
saqarTvelos saelCos mrCevlis, gela dumbaZis piesa `Ramis stumari~.
reJisorma d. barixaSvilma dasTan erTad piesis maRalprofesiul
doneze dadgma SeZlo. amaze metyvelebda Tbilisidan Casuli
stumrebis, raionuli administraciis xelmZRvanelobisa da adgi-
lobrivi mosaxleobis gulwrfeli mowoneba. dadgma gamoirCeoda
musikaluri da mxatvruli gaformebiT.
83
gela dumbaZis piesa nariman alievma Targmna da azerbaijanel
mkiTxvels gazeT `eni azerbaijanis~ (`mTeli azerbaijani~)
furclebidan gaacno, igegmeba piesis dadgma baqos erT-erT TeatrSi.
gazeT `Cveni mwerlobis~ informaciiT, zurab gumberiZem, azerbaijanSi
saqarTvelos elCma, misasalmebeli sityvis Semdeg dass saelCos
saxeliT videomagnitofoni usaxsovra (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
TeatrSi amJamad arsebul mdgomareobaze da a. dolenjaSvilis
gauaresebul janmrTelobaze presa dums, Tumca Jurnal `omegas~
redaqcia cdilobs reJisoris moralur reabilitacias. rogorc
avtori aRniSnavs, janmrTelobaSeryeuli reJisori avadmyofobis
Semdeg pirvelad saubrobs saingilos qarTul Teatrze: `xan iRimis,
xan sibraze ukrTis TvalebSi... TiToeuli bgeras sinanuli axlavs,
magram saTqmels mainc ambobs~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). interviu-
CanaxatiT avtors surs, mkiTxvels gaacnos a. dolenjaSvilis Rvawli...
interviudan isic irkveva, rom a. dolenjaSvili, sanam saingiloSi
Teatrs daaarsebda, ukve icnobda am istoriul kuTxes: `Cemi TvaliT
minaxavs imdroindeli saingilo, romelic Zalian gansxvavdeba
dRevandelisagan. upirveles yovlisa adamianebi Seicvalnen. buneba xom
Seicvala da Seicvala, gaCanagda, ganadgurda... TiTqos iqauri
adamianic ufro dakninda, samwuxarod... TiTqos dabeCavda, SiSis
grZnoba gauCnda... raRacas Seegua iqauri qarTveli... maSin ase iyo...
cota sxvanairi siTamame da siamaye hqondaT. albaT, drom moitana...~
(yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). Teatris sulisCamdgmels diplomantebis _ mzia
mWedliSvilisa da manana kvirkvelias mier saingiloSi gamarTuli
speqtaklebis Semdeg gayinuli wertilidan daZruli saqmis SeCereba
dauSveblad miaCnda, gacnobierebuli hqonda, Tuki qarTuli Teatri
sWirdeboda vinmes, upirveles yovlisa, iq, saingiloSi, sWirdebodaT,
sadac ukve arsebobda garkveuli safuZveli, pedagogebi, adgilobrivi
scenismoyvareni komunistebis dros koncertebs awyobdnen, razec
damyarda Teatri. reJisori ixsnebs, rom aqcenti metyvelebis daxvewasa
84
da literaturuli qarTuliT saubarze keTdeboda. Tavidan dasis
wevrobis msurveli bevri aRmoCnda, rasac a. dolenjaSvili ase
ixsnebs: `SerCeva gvixdeboda. ramdenime wlis Semdeg, CemTvis
gamoviTvale, daaxloebiT 150-200 kacs hqonda miRebuli monawileoba
Cems speqtaklebSi am patara sofelSi. ra damaviwyebs, repeticiebs rom
vatarebdi, soflis birJebi carieldeboda da mTeli parteri, romelic
daaxloebiT 250 kacs itevs, ivseboda...~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
adgilobrivi xelisuflebisagan daSinebuli mosaxleoba SiSobda,
Teatris gamo agvyrian mama-papis miwidano da isev Teatris
mesaZirkvles urCevdnen wasvlas. man ki gaaTkecebulad ganagrZo
muSaoba. `Cvens Teatrs politikur Teatrad ixseniebdnen, aris
simarTlis marcvali am naTqvamSi, Teatri, TavisTavad ukve politikaa!
mTeli aqcenti gadavitane moqalaqeobrivi poziciis gamokveTaze da
Camoyalibebaze... calke gviwevda muSaoba, rom xalxamde misuliyo
Teatri. erTbaSad ar uRiarebiaT adgilobrivebs, SiSiT, sifrTxiliT
ekidebodnen yovel nabijs, amitom TiToeuli msaxiobis miyvana
TeatrSi da masTan muSaoba garkveul winaaRmdegobebTan iyo dakavSi-
rebuli. zogi araseriozulad uyurebda saerTod am saqmes, mere da
mere RmerTis wyalobiT amaRldnen Teatramde. xelisuflebis
aRiarebas sazogadoebis aRiarebac mohyva~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
anzor dolenjaSvilis TqmiT, qarTvelic da azerbaijanelic Casaf-
rebulebi iyvnen, amitom uxdebodaT TamaSi... `es iyo TamaSi, sruli am
sityvis mniSvnelobiT, TamaSi didi gaxelebiT!~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
Jurnalisti ixsenebs, rom mayurebelma a. dolenjaSvili gaicno
ara marto rogorc reJisori, aramed piesis avtori da msaxiobic ki...
magaliTad mohyavs speqtaklebi `alazans aqeT~, `iyideba saqarTvelo
anu nu gaTaTrdebi!~ da svams kiTxvas: `specifikuri~ Teatraluri
gamocdilebiT xom ar daiStampeT?! razec reJisori pasuxobs: `paTosi
iyo mTavari, patriotuli paTosi, Torem es sul ar miSlida xels,
rom repertuari mravalferovani yofiliyo~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
85
a. dolenjaSvilma Teatris ganviTarebis saqmeSi adgilobrivi
mayureblis rolic gamokveTa da gaixsena scena speqtaklidan `alazans
aqeT~, romelSic stalinis portreti Tofis gasrolaze vardeba. amas
mosdevs daCoqili xalxis fexze wamodgoma, `wamiyvanes, maCvenes
stalinis Zegli, kulturis saxlis ezoSi rom dgas: `ai, azerbaijane-
lebi rom gamoivlian, quds uxdian da `salam ioldaS stalin!~ ase
esalmebian. Cveni siamaye da Rirsebao~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). Jurna-
listi respondentTan erTad ixsenebs aRniSnul speqtakls, sadac
simarTle mZafrad iyo naTqvami, ris gamoc aikrZala kidec.
samwuxarod, Teatris ukve yofil xelmZRvanels TxuTmetkaciani
dasis gaxleCis ambebi misdis. gamosavlad esaxeba is, rom Teatrs
azerbaijanis xelisuflebam saxelmwifo statusi mianiWos. amisaTvis
ki aq azerbaijanuli saxelmwifo Teatri unda gaixsnas. iyo kidec amis
mcdeloba, romelsac saTaveSi Tavad anzori edga. `Cems drosac iyo...
yovelTvis undodaT, rom dasi gaxleCiliyo, me amas maqsimalurad
vakontrolebdi. saqme iqamde misula, rom xelCarTuli Cxubic
mogvsvlia... kbilebiT vicavdi Teatrs!~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
adgilobrivTa umaduroba gulistkiviliT aRniSna reJisorma da
Teatridan Tavisi wamosvla erovnuli saqmis araerovnulTan WidilSi
damarcxebiT axsna. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo kancelariis Cinovnikebis
mier `daTxovil~ reJisors Semcvlelis miyvanac ar acales, Tumca
misi sulieri gatexa mainc ver SeZles: `yvelaferi droebiTia! Cemi
avadmyofobac... gaivlis, rac me mWirs... ufro mniSvnelovani maqvs
gasakeTebeli... iqauroba RvTis anabarad ar unda darCes!... axlandeli
reJisori _ domenti barixaSvili _ yvelafers iRonebs... me mis gverdiT
var, sxvaTa Soris, dRemde Teatris konsultantad viTvlebi~
(yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). reJisori publikaciaSi madlobas uxdis
yvelas, vinc patriotul saqmeSi exmareboda da iqve aRniSnavs: `raa
samadlobeli? Tu SegiZlia qveynisTvis unda gaakeTo kidec!~
(yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). Teatris beds yvelas abarebs, adgilobrivebs,
86
yvelas, umaRlesi eSelonebidan, dasis wevrebs axsenebs ra SemarTebiT,
enTuziazmiT, siyvaruliT, erTianobiT iyo dasi `alaznis aqeT~-Si
rogor TamaSobdnen. ra fics sdebdnen, ra teqstebi hqondaT da urCevs
dRevandel Teatrs am kuTxiT Sexedon... gasawiri Tu vinme iyo, es me
viyavi.... es moxda... aseTi Secdoma aRar unda ganmeordes... yvelam
kargad viwvnieT, es Secdoma vimyofinoT!~ interviuSi Jurnalisti
saingiloSi anzor dolenjaSvilis mier dawesebul `iliaobis~
akrZalvazec saubrobs (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
Jurnali `omega~ mkiTxvels saingilos qarTvelebis tradiciebis
Sesaxeb awvdis informacias _ `qorwineba saingiloSi~: `dasaniSn vaJs
da gasaTxovar qals daniSvnis Sesaxeb ded-mama aras hkiTxavda.
mSoblebi Svils sabedos TviTon urCevdnen. qal-vaJni, ramdenime xnis
ganmavlobaSi verc ki ityodnen Tavisi daniSvnis Sesaxeb. rogorc
mTel saqarTveloSi, ise saingiloSic qorwili imarTeboda Semod-
gomaze, es ukavSirdeboda sasoflo-sameurneo samuSaoebis damTavrebas.
naTesavebs qorwineba erTmaneTSi ekrZalebodaT (rac ar SeimCneva
saingilos teritoriaze mcxovreb sxva erovnebebSi). ikrZaleboda
qorwineba sxva erovnebis warmomadgenlebTan, ramac xeli Seuwyo, rom
ingiloebma sufTad SeinarCunes qarTuli ena 300 wlis ganmavlobaSi~
(yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). qorwinebis Sesaxeb masalebi Jurnalits sofel
aliabadis mcxovreblebma _ Sansi musaevma, fatima huseinovma, CiCaqa
yubanovma miawodes, xolo bavSvis dabadebisa da aRzrdis wesebis
Sesaxeb masala man Tavad moiZia mecnieruli kvlevebSi. detaluri
informacia saingilos qarTvelebis tradiciebis Sesaxeb kidev ufro
daainteresebs qarTvel sazogadoebas am istoriuli kuTxiT.
saintereso paraleli iqna gavlebuli nino qurmuxelis CanaxatSi
`saingilodan tao-klarjeTamde da... Semdeg~, romelSic moTxrobilia
tao-klarjeTSi mogzaurobisa da im gancdebis Sesaxeb, romlebic
mogzaurobas axlda. avtori aRniSnavs: `dRevandeli saqarTvelo
gveviwrova da Zveli, daviTisdroindeli movikiTxeT. saqarTvelos
87
Semovla, samSobloSi mxrebis gaSla istoriuli hereTiT daviwyeT,
gza bagratovanTa samSobloSi _ tao-klarjeTSi _ ganvagrZeT... axla
afxazeTi migvelis... axla samaCablo gvadardebs... erTi cxadia, qvani
RaRadeben!~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
zemoT ganxilul problemebs exmianeba `kavkasiuri saxlis~
xelmZRvaneli n. gelaSvili: `Проблемы, подобные существующии в Саингило,
существуют и по всей Грузии, для их разрешения необходимо самому населению
прилагать больше усилий, а также развивать связи между жителями Саингило и
Грузии на уровне народной дипломатии~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50). `kavkasiuri
saxlis~ xelmZRvanelis moadgile, mixeil beroSvili ki acxadebs:
`Большинство проблем, существующих в Саингило, должни разрешать местные
жители, это, однако, не исключает того, что они должны обсуждаться и дальнейшем.
Все должно служить делу создания мирного Кавказа~ (yuloSvili 2004: 25-50).
aseTia 2002-2003 ww. Cven mier SerCeul presiaSi gaSuqebuli
saingilos problematika. vfiqrobT, media sakmao informacias awvdis
qarTvel sazogadoebas saingilos Sesaxeb, Tumca isic unda iTqvas,
rom bevri saTqmeli garkveuli faqtorebis gamo miCumaTebulia.
amrigad, Cven mier ganxiluli perioduli gamocemebi
(`saqarTvelos respublika~, `axali epoqa~ da misi literaturuli
danarTi `Cveni mwerloba~, `Кавказский Акцент~, `axali hereTi~, Jurnali
`omega~) aSuqebs saingilos qarTvelobis problemebs, Tumca mcdeloba
imisa, rom `arc mwvadi dawvan da arc Samfuri~, mainc SesamCnevia.
ori qveynis megobrobasa Tu ekonomikur interesebSi politikosebs
erTgvar damabalansebel Zalad rCebaT saingilos aborigeni
qarTvelebi Tu qvemo qarTlSi mcxovrebi azerbaijanelebi. maTi
mdgomareoba ki orive qveyanaSi arsebuli demokratiis xarisxiT
ganisazRvreba.
presaSi sakmaod naTlad ikveTeba sferoebi, sadac herebs
problemebi gaaCniaT, Tumca ar Cans JurnalistTa mier dasaxuli gzebi
maTi mogvarebisaTvis. es ar ZaluZT adgilobriv Jurnalistebsac,
88
romlebic sagazeToO saqmianobaSi arian CarTulni, rac kuTxis
momavals rTulad warmoaCens.
89
nawili II
TurqeTis saqarTvelo
istoriuli eqskursi
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdeg TurqeTi erT-erTi
pirveli qveyana iyo, romelmac Cveni qveynis suvereniteti aRiara.
saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis respublikebs Soris srulmasStabian
xelSekrulebas 1992 wels moewera xeli, romlis safuZvelzec megobar
qveynebs Soris urTierToba gaRrmavda kulturis, ganaTlebisa da
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis sxva sferoebSi.
ramdenime faqti istoriidan:
`sityva `muhajiri~ arabulia da qarTulad niSnavs emigrants,
gadaxvewils, samSoblodan wasuls. gamoTqma `muhajiri qarTveli~
Cvens enaSi mkvidrddeba me-19 saukunis bolo meoTxedSi saqarTvelodan
TurqeTSi sacxovreblad gadasaxlebuli qarTvelebis aRsaniSnavad.
TviT muhajiri qarTvelebi ki Tavisianebs `Cveneburs~ eZaxian.
muhajirobas sakmaod rTuli istoria aqvs. pirvelad igi daiwyo
mesxeTSi 1828-29 wlebis ruseT-TurqeTis omis damTavrebis Semdeg,
roca mesxeTi daubrunda saqarTvelos. muhajirobam farTo xasiaTi
miiRo 1877-78 wlebis ruseT-TurqeTis omis momdevno wlebSi. rogorc
cnobilia, berlinis kongresis gadawyvetilebiT adre osmaleTis
imperiis qveSevrdomobaSi myof gamuslimebul mosaxleobas mieca
arCevanis ufleba _ SeeZlo mieRo ruseTis qveSevrdomoba an
osmaleTSi gadasaxlebuliyo. ruseTsa da osmaleTs Soris 1879 wlis
27 ianvars stambolSi dadebuli traqtatis Tanaxmad, muhajirobis
oficialuri vadac ki iqna dawesebuli _ 1879 wlis 3 Tebervlidan 1882
wlis 3 Tebervlamde, Tumca gadasaxlebis dro Semdeg 1884 wlamde iqna
gagrZelebuli. es procesi momdevno wlebSic ar Sewyvetila.
faqtobrivad, igi spontanurad 1921 wlamde xdeboda.
muhajiroba qarTveli xalxis istoriaSi iyo erT-erTi umZimesi
tragedia. arc erT Semosevas, arc erT dampyrobels ar miuyenebia
90
aseTi zarali istoriuli zemo qarTlis (samcxe-saaTabagos)
kuTxeebisaTvis, rac muhajirobam moutana. ZirZveli qarTuli miwa
daicala mosaxleobisagan. TiTqmis dacarielda kola, artaani,
SavSeTi, klarjeTi, livana, murRuli, maWaxeli, tao, aWara, qobuleTi.
dacarielebul soflebSi gaCanagda meurneoba, bevri soflis
saxsenebeli samudamod waiSala. saarqivo cnobebis mixedviT, 1879 wlis
gasaxlebis Semdeg qobuleTSi ori aTasi mcxovrebidan xuTasamde
darCa, xolo maxlobeli soflebi sruliad gaveranda da gapartaxda.
iyo soflebi, sadac arc erTi suli aRar darCenila. mag., kvirike _
qobuleTSi, arsenauli _ qedaSi, ereguna _ murRuliSi... (futkaraZe
1993: 24); `muhajirobis Sedegad gadasaxlebulTa raodenobis Sesaxeb
zusti cnobebi ar aris Semonaxuli. 1891-1893 wlebSi am dazaralebul
mxareebSi mogzaurobis dros samSoblodan gadaxvewilTa raodenobis
Sesaxeb cnobebs agrovebda cnobili sazogado moRvawe zaqaria
WiWinaZe. am cnobebis mixedviT, ar aris sofeli, saidanac wasuli ar
iyos 5-10 komli mainc, mozrdili soflebidan ki 40-50-100 komli, mag.,
alambridan wasula asi komli, xucubnidan da wyavrokidan _
ormocdaaT-ormocdaaTi komli, daba Caqvidan _ ormoci komli.
saerTod, qobuleTidan gadasaxlebula SvidiaTas komlze meti. merisis
TemSi Svidasi komli yofila, aqedan eqvsasi komli gadasaxlebula da
mxolod asi komli darCenila. zeda da qveda aWaras am wlebSi
daukargavs oTxi aTas komlze meti. zaqaria WiWinaZes gadasxlebulTa
raodenobis Sesaxeb cnobebi miuRia agreTve baTumis mufTis hasan
efendi gverdaZisagan, romlis mixedviT, osmaleTSi wasulTa saerTo
raodenoba milionamde yofila~ (futkaraZe 1993 : 26).
`muhajiroba (arab. `muhajereT~ _ gadasaxleba), kavkasiis mkvidri
mosaxleobis ZiriTadad iZulebiTi gadasaxleba TurqeTis imperiaSi
XIX saukuneSi, dakavSirebuli iyo kavkasiis omebTan (samxedro
moqmedebaTa wyeba, romelic mefis ruseTma kavkasiis dasamorCileblad
XVIII-XIX saukuneebSi Caatara). ruseTis xelisuflebas surda
91
daumorCilebel kavkasiel mTielTa TurqeTSi gadasaxlebiT mieRwia
politikuri simSvidisaTvis am mxareSi, gaTavisuflebuli miwebi
farTo kolonizaciisaTvis gamoeyenebina, esargebla mxaris
xelsayreli strategiuli mdebareobiT~ (xorava 2004: 24).
`1918 wels saqarTvelom damoukidebloba gamoacxada, amiT
isargebla TurqeTma da qveynis teritoriebis okupacia moaxdina.
Camoyalibebis procesSi myofma saqarTvelos demokratiulma
respublikam dasawyisSi garkveulwilad scno TurqTa pretenziebi.
pirvel msoflio omSi germaniisa da misi mokavSiris osmaleTis
damarcxebam saqarTvelos mTavrobas SesaZlebloba misca dakarguli
teritoriebi SemoeerTebina. 1919 wels saqarTvelom SeierTa jer
CrdiloeT artaani, Semdeg am provinciis samxreT nawilic.
mimdinareobda diplomatiuri muSaoba arTvinisa da taos olqebis
SemoerTebisaTvis. am teritoriaze xelisuflebis adgilobrivi
organoebis formireba warmoebda. samwuxarod, saqarTvelos
respublika sabWoTa ruseTma daipyro da uari ganacxada samxreT da
samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos teritoriebze. 1921 wlis 13 oqtombris
moskovisa da yarsis SeTanxmebis mixedviT, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo
teritoriis miRma darCa yofili baTumis olqis samxreTi nawili _
maWaxela, borCxa da makriali (936 kv. km), arTvinis olqi (3339 kv. km),
artaanis (ardaganis) olqi (focxovis ubanTan erTad 5725 kv. km), taos
anu olTisis olqi (3051 kv. km). am CamonaTvalSi ar Sedis lazeTi, es
teritoria, marTalia, qarTvelebiT iyo dasaxlebuli, magram igi didi
xnis ganmavlobaSi saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi aRar Sedioda.
XX saukunis 20-ian wlebSi msoflioSi arsebuli politikuri
situacia sabWoTa ruseTs aiZulebda aseT daTmobebze wasuliyo,
magram meore msoflio omis Semdeg axali wesrigi damyarda, romelSic
sabWoTa kavSiri dominirebul mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda. ioseb stalinma
daiviwya 1921 wlis xelSekrulebebi da TurqeT-saqarTvelosa da
TurqeT-somxeTis sazRvris gamijvnis usamarTlobaze alaparakda. 1945
92
wels sabWoTa kavSiris mTavrobisagan saerTaSoriso molaparakebebze
pirvelad `TurqeTis saqarTvelos~ SemoerTebis sakiTxi potsdamis
konferenciaze daisva. msoflio diplomatia aqtiurad amoqmedda
sabWoTa kavSiris winaaRmdeg. ioseb stalini iZulebuli gaxda
TurqeTisadmi sabWoTa kavSiris teritoriul pretenziaze uari eTqva.
1953 wlis 30 maiss sabWoTa kavSiris xelisuflebam oficialurad
mimarTa TurqeTis respublikis mTavrobas, sadac aRniSnuli iyo, rom
keTilmezobluri urTierTobis SenarCunebisa da mSvidobis
ganmtkicebis mizniT uars ambobs TurqeTisadmi Tavis teritoriul
pretenziebze (samuSia 2003: 15);
1992 wlis 30 ivliss ankaraSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifos meTauris,
eduard SevardnaZisa da TurqeTis prezidentis, suleiman demirelis
mier xelmoweril megobrobis, TanamSromlobisa da keTilmezobluri
urTierTobis Sesaxeb xelSekrulebaSi sazRvris demarkaciis sakiTxi
yarsis 1921 wlis xelSekrulebiT ganisazRvra. amasTanave, mxareebma
aRiares sazRvris xelSeuxeblobis principi. mxareebi SeTanxmdnen, rom
ar dauSveben TavianT teritoriebze meore mxarisadmi mtrulad
ganwyobili Zalebis, politikuri jgufebis saqmianobas.
TurqeTis respublikaSi qarTuli warmomavlobis moqalaqeTa
raodenobis Sesaxeb zusti monacemebi ar moipoveba. saqme isaa, rom
qveynis arcerTi erovnebis moqalaqe eTnikuri mikuTvnilobiT ar
fiqsirdeba da mxolod `Turqad~ moixsenieba. XX saukunis II naxevarSi
qveynis Sida migraciis mizeziT, safuZvlianad Seicvala istoriuli
provinciebis demografiuli suraTic. mkvlevrebis TqmiT, TurqeTSi
mcxovrebi qarTvelebis raodenobrivi maCvenebeli lamis saqarTvelos
mosaxleobas utoldeba.
mkvlevrebi TurqeTis qarTvelebs gurjebad da lazebad
moixsenieben. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom 2002 wels, mas Semdeg, rac
saqarTvelos eklesiis wminda sinodma ramdenime aTeuli wlis win
gauqmebuli lazeTis, tao-klarjeTisa da axalcixis saepiskoposoebi
93
aRadgina, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma ilia II-m TurqeTis
xelisuflebis miwveviT kapadokiasa da lazeTSi imogzaura.
sapatriarqoSi aRniSnavdnen, rom es iyo oficialuri Jesti
oficialuri TurqeTis mxridan _ niSani imisa, rom saqarTvelos hyavs
demokratiuli principebis damcveli mezobeli, romelic pativs scems
mosazRvre saxelmwifos istorias. saqarTvelos uZveles, Tumca,
amJamad misgan mowyvetil mxareSi kaTolikos-patriarqis mogzaurobis
Semdeg sapatriarqoSi daarsda kolxuri kulturis saerTaSoriso
centri. ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo
universitetis saqarTvelos istoriis kaTedrasTan arsebobs
anatoliisa da samxreT kavkasiis Semswavleli centri.
TurqeTsa da saqarTvelos Soris strategiuli partniorobisa da
keTilmezobluri urTierTobebis ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovani wvlili
SeaqvT TurqeTis qarTuli warmoSobis moqalaqeebs.
TurqeTis qarTveloba ZiriTadad Tavmoyrilia q. stambolsa da
marmaras regionSi mdebare bursas, adafazaris, qojaelis, bolus,
amasiis, TokaTisa da balikesiris olqebSi. dedaqalaq ankaraSi bevri
qarTveli ar cxovrobs. qarTvelobis nawili SemorCenilia arTvinis,
artaanisa da rizes olqebSi. mniSvnelovani qarTuli dasaxlebebia
TurqeTis SavizRvispireTSic: samsunSi, sinopSi, giresunSi, orduSi,
uniesa da facaSi.
mesxeT-javaxeTidan da aWara-qobuleTidan gadasaxlebuli muslimi
qarTvelebi dasaxldnen samsunis, facas, unies, ordus, adafazaris,
bursas, inegolis, bolus, orhangazis, iznikis, goljukis, gebzes,
izmiTis, duzjes, amasiis, TokaTisa da balikesiris midamoebSi.
muslimi qarTveli mosaxleoba SemorCa arTvinisa da rizes olqebSi.
CamoTvlil adgilebSi aTeulobiT sofelia, romelic qarTul
eTnokulturul xasiaTs inarCunebs, sameurneo nagebobebi, yofa-
cxovrebis wesi, tradiciebi qarTulia. qarTuli ena soflebSi kvlav
gaismis da, metic, axalgazrda Taoba saqarTveloTi sul ufro
94
interesdeba, uyureben qarTul telearxebs, yuradRebiT Tvals
adevneben da exmaurebian saqarTveloSi mimdinare movlenebs.
qarTuli warmoSobis TurqeTis moqalaqeebs Camoyalibebuli aqvT
saTvistomo-sazogadoebebi, kulturul-saganmanaTleblo fondebi da
SemoqmedebiTi kavSirebi. isini interesdebian qarTuli kulturiT.
Znelia qarTuli enis SenarCuneba qalaqebSi, Tumca, aq ufro metad
aris miswrafeba organizaciuli gaerTianebisaken da yalibdeba
qarTuli sazogadoebebi, fondebi, kulturul-folkloruli jgufebi.
oficialuri monacemebiT (www.diaspora.gov.ge) TurqeTSi arsebobs
qarTvelebis kulturul-saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi: stamboli,
TurqeT-saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da kulturis fondi, romlis
mmarTveli sabWos SemadgenlobaSi Sedian TurqeTis cnobili
biznesmenebi da sazogado moRvaweebi: ismeT ajari, sami seCkini, ergun
aTabai, ismeT dindari, ali ihsan ahisqalioRlu, simon zazaZe, pol
zazaZe, ali gunduzi, ali nihaT goqiiTi. fondis generaluri
direqtoria mevlud arTvinli; maWaxelas ganaTlebis, kulturisa da
Tanadgomis fondi, romlis mmarTveli sabWos Tavmjdomare _ salih
ildizi, xolo moadgile bahaTin saria. maWaxelas fondi 1995 wels
daarsda. fondi stambolSi mcxovreb maWaxelel (arTvinis olqi)
qarTvelTa Sekrebis adgilad iqca. igi gamoscems Jurnals `maWaxeli~;
saqarTvelosTan megobrobis sazogadoeba, romlis Tavmjdomarea ali
riza alTuneli. sazogadoeba daarsda 2005 wels q. stambolSi, fatihis
raionSi. sazogadoebasTan moqmedebs qarTuli enis Semswavleli
kursebi; stambolis xalxuri simReris ansambli `qafdaRi~, romlis
damaarsebeli da xelmZRvanelia iberia ozqani (melaSvili). ansamblis
repertuarSi, adgilobriv simRerebTan erTad, warmodgenilia
saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis polifoniuri simRerebi. TurqeTSi
gamocemulia `qafdaRis~ sami albomi; qarTuli kulturis sazogadoeba
2008 wels daarsda. masTan funqciobs qarTuli enis Semswavleli
kursebi. sazogadoeba gegmavs qarTuli kulturis kvireulebis
95
mowyobas, qarTveli mwerlebisa da sazogado moRvaweebis mowvevasa da
saleqcio kursebis organizebas.
saqarias olqSi arsebobs hendeqis baTumelTa kulturis
sazogadoeba, romlis mmarTveli sabWos Tavmjdomare burhan
fehlivania, moadgile _ rejef Tiriaqi. sazogadoeba 1996 wels q.
hendeqSi daarsda. hendeqSi, gansakuTrebiT, axalgazrdebs Soris, didia
qarTuli enisa da folkloris safuZvlianad Seswavlis msurvelTa
raodenoba; duzjes baTumelTa qarTuli kulturis sazogadoeba,
romelsac xelmZRvaneloben veisel Caqari da refiq iuqseli.
sazogadoeba 1998 wels daarsda. misi wevrebi duzjes qarTuli
mosaxleobis TviTmyofadi kulturis SenarCunebisaTvis iRvwian.
qojaelis olqSi goljuqis kavkasiuri kulturisa da Tanadgomis
sazogadoeba 2001 wlidan funqciobs. sazogadoebas xelmZRvanelobs
muraT sevimi (mgelaZe). sazogadoebasTan arsebobs qarTuli
qoreografiuli ansambli, romelic sistematurad monawileobs
qarTuli diasporis mier TurqeTis sxvadasxva qalaqSi mowyobil
RonisZiebebsa da festivalebSi.
bursis olqSi arsebobs baTumelTa kulturisa da
urTierTdaxmarebis sazogadoeba, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs musa
aidini. bursis sazogadoeba 1986 wels daarsda. igi koordinirebas
uwevs bursis olqis sxvadasxva raionSi (inegoli, izniqi, orhangazi,
gemliqi) daarsebuli qarTuli sazogadoebebis erTobliv saqmianobasa
da TanamSromlobas; inegolis kavkasiuri folklorisa da kulturis
sazogadoeba, romelsac xelmZRvanelobs mehmeT nuri taiari (mamia
dumbaZe). sazogadoebasTan arsebobs qoreografiuli ansambli,
romelic sistematurad monawileobs inegolSi tradiciad qceul
saerTaSoriso festivalSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom am festivalSi
monawileobas iReben ansamblebi da Semsruleblebi saqarTvelodan da
sxva qveynebidan. orhangazis kavkasiuri kulturisa da Tanadgomis
sazogadoeba 1995 wels daarsda. sazogadoebasTan Camoyalibebulia
96
qoreografiul-folkloruli ansambli, romelic sistematurad
monawileobs TurqeTSi gamarTul festivalebsa da sxva RonisZiebebSi.
izniqis baTumelTa kavkasiuri kulturisa da Tanadgomis
sazogadoeba 1991 wels daarsda. mmarTveli sabWos Tavmjdomarea
ibrahim Seneri. izniqis sazogadoebasTan arsebobs TurqeTSi erT-erTi
saukeTeso sabavSvo qoreografiuli ansambli. (www.diaspora.gov.ge)
TurqeTis qarTvelobis sainformacio resursebi
TurqeTis qarTvelobis kulturul cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovan
movlenad iqca Jurnali `firosmani~. igi gamoirCeva maRali xarisxiT
rogorc formiT, ise SinaarsiTac. redaqtoria fahreTTin CiloRlu.
gamomcemeli _ Senol tabani. Jurnalis redkolegiaSi Sedian: erdal
quCuki, qevser ruhi, mustafa iakuti, hasan Celiki, iasin onju da sxv.
TurqeTis qarTvelobis pirveli beWduri organos, Jurnal
`Cveneburis~, gamocema daiwyo 1977 wels SvedeTSi, q. stokholmSi,
qarTuli warmoSobis TurqeTis moqalaqe ahmed ozqanis (melaSvili)
ZalisxmeviT. Jurnalis gamocema droebiT Sewyda ahmed ozqanis
daRupvis Semdeg. 1993 wels q. bursaSi ganaxlda misi gamocema. mas jer
farna WilaSvili (CiloRlu) xelmZRvanelobda, Semdeg - osman nuri
merjani (imedaSvili). 2006 wlidan Jurnalma arseboba Sewyvita. (ix., gv.,
116; 123).
TurqeTis qarTvelobis internet-sait `Cveneburebis~ (redaqtori
erdal quCuki) meSveobiT qarTul, Turqul da inglisur enebze
vrceldeba TurqeT-saqarTvelos TanamSromlobisa da kulturuli
movlenebis amsaxveli masalebi (http://chveneburi.net). aRsaniSnavia agreTve
internet-saiti www.genatsvale.net (redaqtori _ murat Sahini).
mauwyebloba daiwyo internet radiom _ `radio Cveneburi~ (did
adgils uTmobs qarTul simRerebs).
TurqeTSi cnobili momRerlis, mirjan kaias, repertuarSi
mniSvnelovania qarTul xalxuri simRerebis wili.
97
saqarTveloSi didi siyvaruliT sargeblobs momRerali baiar
Sahini, romlis Semoqmedebis saintereso mxarea `Cveneburebis~ mdidari
folkloris kvleva da msmenelisaTvis axali formiT miwodeba
(www.diaspora.gov.ge).
lazebi
Tanamedrove lazebis (Wanebis) warmoSoba mWidrod ukavSirdeba
kolxeTis samefos. istoriul kolxeTis samefoSi ZiriTad mosaxleoba
iyo qarTveluri modgmis ori urTierTmonaTesave tomi _ laz-Wanebi
da margal-makronebi (megrelebi).
lazebi ganekuTvnebian iberiul-kavkasiuri modgmis qarTvelur
(iberiul) jgufs. enobrivad Tanamedrove kavkasielebidan lazebisTvis
yvelaze axlo monaTesaveni arian qarTvelebi. lazuri metyvelebac
warmoiSva saerToqarTveluri fuZe-enisagan.
miuxedavad imisa, rom es ori sityva dRes erTmaneTis tolfasia,
eTnonimebi `lazi~ da `Wani~ saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi urTierTmonacv-
leobda. istoriulad termin `Wans~ ufro viwro mniSvneloba unda
hqonoda _ Tavdapirvelad `Wani~ miemarTeboda mTaSi mcxovreb lazs.
qristes Semdgom IV saukuneSi lazebis hegemonobiT Seiqmna samefo,
romelsac lazeTi ewoda (berZnulad `lazike~, xolo sakuTriv
lazurad _ `lazona~). mas eWira Savi zRvis sanapiro zolis
mniSvnelovani nawili, romelsac strategiuli mniSvneloba hqonda. aq
gadioda saerTaSoriso saqaravno gza, ris gamoc lazeTi xSirad iyo
msoflio politikuri urTierTobebis gamwvavebis mizezi. lazeTis
teritoriis saerTo farTobi moicavs 7 000 kv. kilometrze mets. misi
sazRvrebia: CrdiloeTiT Savi zRva, Crdilo-dasavleTiT da
aRmosavleTiT - mdinare Woroxi, samxreTiT da samxreT-dasavleTiT _
mdinare samansu. mTavari qalaqebia: rize, xofa, samsuni, trapizoni.
TurqeTSi lazurenovani mosaxleobis zusti raodenoba Zneli
dasadgenia. me-19 saukunis ingliseli konsulis, jiford pal grevis,
98
mixedviT, lazistanSi 1872 wlis oficialuri monacemebiT mosaxleobis
raodenoba 850 000 aRwevda.
lazuri saxelmwifos politikur-sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis
saTaveSi idga mefe (lazurad _ mafa), romelsac memkvidreobiT
irCevdnen. adreul Sua saukuneebSi lazikis mefes amtkicebda
bizantiis keisari, magram lazika bizantias arc xarks uxdida da arc
jars ugzavnida. lazeTis mefe valdebuli iyo mxolod CrdiloeTis
sazRvrebi gaemagrebina da mtrebisgan daecva bizantiis samflobelo.
gvian Suasaukuneebamde lazeTs uxdeboda Tavganwiruli brZola
ZiriTadad bizantiisa da iranis winaaRmdeg, romelTac ainteresebdaT
politikuri gavlenis sferoSi moeqciaT lazika. politikur brZolas
Tan sdevda religiuri dapirispireba. pirvelsave saukuneSi aq
damkvidrebul qristianobas romi ebrZoda Tavisi warmarTuli rwmeniT.
imavdroulad mazdeanobis (cecxlTayvanismcemlobis) damkvidrebas
sparseTi uSedegod cdilobda. Tamar mefis gaerTianebul
saqarTveloSi lazeTi trapizonis imperiis saxiT erTiani qarTuli
saxelmwifos Semadgenel nawilad moiazreboda. cxadia, trapizonis
samefos mosaxleobis uZiriTades nawils lazebi Seadgendnen.
ase grZeldeboda 1461 wlamde, am wels ki osmalebma trapizonis
samefo daikaves, iq mefis instituti gaauqmes da lazeTSi TavianTi
batonobis ganmtkicebas Seudgnen.
winaaRmdegobis fronti lazeTSi 1820-ian wlebamde gagrZelda,
magram am droisTvis osmaleTis mTavrobam lazi mTavrebis medgari
winaaRmdegoba gatexa da iavarhyo maTi Tavisufleba. mogvianebiT
enTuziazmiT ibrZodnen lazeTis patriotebi rusebis winaaRmdegac.
1878 wlis berlinis xelSekrulebiT ruseTis imperiis
SemadgenlobaSi moeqca lazeTis Crdilo-aRmosavleTi nawili, 16
sofeli dRevandeli goniodan q. xofamde. carizmma aq mSobliuri
qarTulis nacvlad rusuli enis dakanoneba scada, imavdroulad,
lazeTis medreseebSi swavleba, Cveulebriv, Turqulad mimdinareobda.
99
1910 wels amis sapasuxod lazebma abdulah aSiq hasanoRlus
xelmZRvanelobiTa da iniciativiT Seadgines werili swavla-
ganaTlebis qarTul enaze SemoRebis moTxovniT, rasac qarTuli
sazogadoeba didi mxardaWeriT Sexvda, maswavleblebic mzad iyvnen
lazeTSi samuSaod, magram am wamowyebas 1914 wels dawyebulma
pirvelma msoflio omma SeuSala xeli. brestis zavis Sedegad lazeTi
Tanamedrove TurqeTis respublikis SemadgenlobaSi aRmoCnda.
qristianoba lazeTSi pirvelsave saukuneebSi gavrcelda. aq
iqadages andria pirvelwodebulma da svimon kananelma. kidev erTi
mociquli _ mataTa _ lazeTSia dasaflavebuli. gadaWarbebuli Cans
Tvalsazrisi imis Sesaxeb, rom lazebSi qristianoba mxolod berZnul
enaze vrceldeboda. amis sapirispirod metyvelebs lazuri
saRvTismsaxurebo terminologia: Tanafa-`aRdgoma~, maraSina-
`mariamoba~, xaWi-`jvari~, qisa-`qriste~, sumala//sumela-`sameba~...
lazeTSi dRemde SemorCa Zveli eklesiebi (ZiriTadad,
dazianebuli saxiT): sarfis tyeSi Tlili qviT nagebi taZari dgas;
makrialSi didgumbaTiani eklesiaa warwerebiTa da mxatvrobiT;
lazuri samonastro kompleqsi sum(a)la-`sameba~ grandiozulobiT
dResac ganacvifrebs mnaxvels. aq ukanasknel xanebamde moRvaweobdnen
qristiani berebi.
abu-islahSi, maRal mTaze, dgas eklesia, romelSic gvalvis dros
lazebi ikribebian da RmerTs wvimas SesTxoven; gumbaTmorRveuli
eklesiaa peroniTSi. misi eSiniaT adgilobrivebs da axlos misvlasac
veravin bedavs. zogierT lazur eklesiaSi moTavsebuli iyo qvis
sawnaxelebi da miwaSi Cafluli didi qvevrebi. iqve iyo saflavebic.
lazebs qristianuli eklesia-monastrebi ucxoeTSic hqondaT,
saxeldobr, ierusalimis udabnoSi.
zogierTi lazi dResac qristiania da stambolSi berZen patriarqs
eqvemdebareba. isini berZnulad metyveleben da sakuTar Tavs berZnebad
100
miiCneven, magram axsovT lazuri warmomavloba. metyvelebisas
gamoirCevian lazuri aqcentiT, rasac TviTonac grZnoben.
dRes TurqeTSi mcxovrebi yvela lazi suniti mahmadiania. meoTxe
saukunis berZeni mwerali Temisti amtkicebda, rom lazebi Turme
monawileobas iRebdnen elinTa dResaswaulebsa da SejibrebebSi,
sadac araerT maTgans Tavi usaxelebia mWevrmetyvelebiTa da
ritorikiT. misive TqmiT, lazikaSi arsebula ritorikuli ganaTlebis
centri, sadac bizantiidan mivlinebuli axalgazrdebic swavlobdnen
da piradad masac iq miuRia ritorikuli ganaTleba.
Zveli berZeni istorikosebi imasac weren, rom lazebs hqondaT
gansakuTrebuli saxeobis damwerloba, rasac kirbebs uwodebdnen.
lazuri koSkebis, cixeebis da sakulto nagebobebis nangrevebiT
mofenilia SavizRvispireTi. mSenebloba umTavresi saqmianoba iyo
lazebisaTvis. lazTa ekonomikur keTildReobas uxsovari droidan
naosnoba da gemTmSenebloba uwyobda xels. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom
me-19 saukunis osmaleTis flotis TiTqmis naxevars lazi mezRvaurebi
Seadgendnen. es saqmianoba _ meTevzeoba _ asaxulia lazur cekvebSi,
kerZod, sacekvao ileTebSi. lazi qalebi daxelovnebulni arian
feiqrobaSi. isini gemovnebiT qsoven nazsa da lamazad Sexamebul
qsovilebs. lazebi odiTganve misdeven: mebaReobas, zeTisxilisa da
leRvis Ciris damzadebas, futkris movla-moSenebas. lazeTi
ZvelTaganve Taflis qveyana iyo. wminda sanTelsac amzadebdnen da
gahqondaT saberZneTSi, saqarTveloSi, ruseTSi. aqauri Rvino
bizantiaSi gahqondaT, magram gamahmadianebis Semdeg osmalebma lazebs
aukrZales meRvineoba.
1931 wlidan TurqeTis xelisuflebam, rogorc sxva xalxebs, aseve
lazebsac lazuri gvarebis tareba aukrZala. Tumca bevr lazs
sakuTari gvari dRemde axsovs. igive bedi ewia lazur toponimebsac.
Zveli makriali, igive noRedi Turquli kemaplasha gaxda, sumjuma
101
zustad iTargmna rogorc üchkardesh `sami Zma~, Jurxinji Turqulad
chifteköpru `wyvili xidi~ gaxda da sxv.
miuxedavad imisa, rom Tanamedrove TurqeTis respublika
gamoirCeva demokratizaciis Seuqcevadi procesebiT da iswrafvis
evrokavSirisken, qveyanaSi ar gamodis arc erTi perioduli lazuri
gazeTi, ar aris lazuri skola, rac aCqarebs lazuri mosaxleobis
asimilacias _ gaTurqebas. is faqti, rom TurqeTis respublikaSi
saSualo ganaTlebis miReba mxolod Turqul enazea SesaZlebeli,
lazurs upiratesad Sinauri moxmarebis enad aqcevs. aseT pirobebSi
yovlad auxsnelia stambolsa da ankaraSi somxuri da berZnuli
skolebis gverdiT lazuri skolebis ararseboba. axalgazrdoba
somxurad da berZnulad mezobel qveynebSic advilad miiReben
ganaTlebas, rasac ver vityviT lazebze. lazebi dRes TavianT
teritoriaze, sakuTar qalaqebsa da soflebSi ver iReben mSobliur
enaze ganaTlebas. amasTan dakavSirebiT germaniaSi moRvawe (1997
wlidan) lazebis kavSirma metad sayuradRebo politikuri gancxadeba
gaakeTa, sadac isini iTxovdnen TurqeTis xelisuflebis mier
xelmowerili lozanis xelSekrulebis 39-e muxlis realurad
funqcionirebas, romlis Sesabamisad ara marto muslimebs, aramed
yvela msurvels aqvs ufleba sakuTar, mSobliur enaze miiRos
dawyebiTi da umaRlesi ganaTleba. (www.diaspora.gov.ge) saqarTveloSi
enaTmecnierTa umravlesoba lazurs qarTuli enis dialeqtad miiCnevs
_ `qarTveluri enebi saerToqarTveluri fuZeenis enobrivi erTianobis
daSlis Sedegad Camoyalibda. varaudoben, rom fuZeenas gamoeyo
svanuri da qarTul-kolxuri (kolxuri (zanuri) anu megrul-lazuri),
mogvianebiT ki, gaiyo qarTuli da megrul-lazuric (xSirad lazuris
nacvlad samecniero literaturaSi gamoyenebulia termini Wanuri,
kolxuris paralelurad _ zanuri).
lazuri da megruli enaTmecnierTa erTi nawilis mier miCneulia
qarTveluri enis, kolxuris (zanuris), dialeqtebad; meore
102
tradiciuli SexedulebiT, megruli da lazuri ukve qarTveluri
enebia; sxva mosazrebiT, svanuri da megrul-lazuri dResac qarTulis
dialeqtebia.
Tamaz gamyreliZe da givi maWavariani leqsikur-statistikuri
analizis safuZvelze qarTvelur enaTa diferenciacias Semdegnairad
aTariReben: fuZeenidan svanuris gamoyofa daiwyo Cvens
welTaRricxvamde X saukuneSi, xolo qarTul-kolxuri erTianoba
daiSala Cveni welTaaRricxvis mijnaze (ivaraudeba Cvens
welTaRricxvamde III aTaswleulis dasawyisi).
qarTveluri enebidan saliteraturo ena qarTulia, romlis
CamoyalibebaSi Tavisi wvlili Sehqonda yvela qarTvelur toms, maT
Soris, lazebs. aleqsandre cagareli werda, rom Tuki gvinda sworad
warmovidginoT qarTuli enis zrda da ganviTareba, yuradReba unda
mivaqcioT arasamwerlobo qarTvelur enebs. lazuris naTesaoba
qarTulTan SeniSnes georg rozenma da iulius klaproTma (XIX s.). mas
Semdeg lazuris gramatikas sxvadasxva dros ikvlevdnen: niko mari,
ioseb yifSiZe, arnold Ciqobava, sergi JRenti, sergi jiqia, guram
kartozia, irine asaTiani, naTela quTelia da sxv.
dRes lazuri gavrcelebulia Sav zRvasa da pontos qeds Soris
viwro zolSi sof. sarfidan (lazuri sofeli saqarTvelos samxreT
sazRvarze) sof. meliaTamde (rizes mxare). lazurSi mkveTrad
gansxvavebul sam kilos gamoyofen: xofur-Cxalurs, viwur-arqabulsa
da aTinur-arTaSenuls.
lazuris mkvlevari guram kartozia 1961 wlidan iwerda lazur
teqstebs sof. sarfSi mkvidri lazebisa da agreTve, aWaris, afxazeTis,
samegrelosa da guriis qalaqebsa da soflebSi lazeTidan sxvadasxva
dros Camosaxlebuli lazebisgan. mkvlevris Seswavlis geografuli
masStabebi xuT lazur provincias _ ormocdaaTamde sofels moicavda.
`lazuri teqstebi~ 1972 wels gamosca g. kartoziam, xolo wignis
meore nawili gamoica 1993 wels~ (kalandia 2005: 5).
103
gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebidan lazebSi ufro gaRvivda
sakuTari warmoSobisa da TviTidentifikaciisadmi interesi. sarfeli
lazebisagan gansxvavebiT, TurqeTSi mcxovrebi lazebis umravlesoba
dRes Tavs gurjebad ar miiCnevs. istoriulad lazebma ganicades
islamizaciis mZlavri zegavlena. TviT Cveni samSoblos oqros xanad
wodebul saukuneebSic lazeTi uSualod ar Semodioda qarTuli
saxelmwifos sazRvrebSi. ramac, cxadia, uaryofiTi daRi daasva da
xeli Seuwyo lazebSi saerTo-qarTuli cnobierebis Sesusteba-moSlas.
lazebis erTi jgufi amtkicebs lazebis araTurqul warmoSobas da
mxars uWers sakuTriv lazur identurobas. isini lazuri Jurnalis _
`ogni~ (`gaxsovdes~) _ gamomcemelTa garSemo arian Semokrebilni.
1991 wels gamomcemloba `Kaukasus Vergas~-is mier daibeWda osman
tamtrulis (osman trapizoneli) lazuris saxelmZRvanelo `nana-nena~
(`dedaena~).
1992 wels germaniaSi myofma lazebma daafuZnes lazuri Jurnali
`lazuri amberefe~ (`lazuri ambebi~).
1993 wlis noembridan TurqeTSi gamosvlas iwyebs Turqulenovani
Jurnali, romelsac lazebi gamoscemdnen lazuri SegonebiT: `ogni/
skani nena~ (`gaxsovdes Seni ena~). moeswro eqvsi nomris gamocema,
mogvianebiT, samwuxarod, Jurnalis gamocema Sewyda.
1994 wels aseve TurqeTSi lazurma rok-jgufma _ `zuRaSi berefe~
(`zRvis Svilebi~) Cawera da gamosca Tavisi pirveli albomi `va
miCqunan~ (`ar viciT~) (vokalisti _ mehmeT ali beSli).
1995 wlidan funqciobda lazuri programa `Tanura~ (`mTenebeli~),
romelic yovel paraskevs gadioda eTerSi - Ģevre Radyo FM 105.7.
amave periodSi lazuri simRerebis ramdenime audiokaseta da
kompaqtdiski Seadgina birol TofaloRlum. es melodiebi xSirad
ismis stambolis kerZo radiosadgurSi Mert FM 100.8.
germaniis q. dortmundis kulturuli centri 1998 wlidan
gamoscems lazur Jurnals _ `lazebura~ (`lazebrivi=Cveneburi~).
104
Jurnalis sulisCamdgmelia lazi poeti qali selma koCiva, romelmac
saqarTveloSic imogzaura. 1999 wels selma koCivam wignic gamosca _
`lazona~/`lazeTi~. mogvianebiT wigni ratomRac aikrZala. selma
koCivas Semoqmedebis gacnoba SesaZlebelia gamomcemloba `inteleqtis~
mier gamocemul leqsebis krebulSi _ `100 lazuri leqsi~.
TurqeTSi gamomcemloba `Ģiviyazilar~-i 1997 wlidan gamoscems
samecniero-popularul Jurnals _ K`kafkazya Yazilari~ (`kavkasiuri
Canawerebi~). am JurnalSi kavkasiis ambebTan eraTad xSirad qveyndeba
saintereso mimoxilvebi lazuri kulturis, istoriisa da
filologiis Sesaxeb. aRsaniSnavia lazebis mier momzadebuli veb-
gverdebi: www.geocities.com/dobadonachkini, www.lazika.virtualare.net,
www.lazuri.com, www.lazebura.org, www.lazuri.net, www.lazgiresun.cjb.net,
www.karalahana.com, www.mexeniti.com, www.hopam.com, www.arhavim.com,
www.xalikana.com, www.secere.net, www.geocities.com, www.kapistona.com.tr.tc,
www.geocities.com/kremuli, www.ardesen.8m.com.
lazebi rogorc osmaleTis imperiaSi, aseve TurqeTis respublikis
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferoSi imTaviTve dawinaurdnen.
respublikuri TurqeTis politikur asparezze mravalma lazma
miaRwia warmatebas. rogorc amboben, TurqeTis mexuTe prezidenti
jevdeT sunai (Cevdet Sunay - 1899-1982) trapizoneli iyo, romelsac
samociani wlebis dasawyisidan jer SeiaraRebuli Zalebis genStabis
meTauris Tanamdeboba ekava, xolo 1966-73 ww. qveynis pirveli piri iyo.
gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebidan qveynis politikur cxovrebaSi
gamoCnda pirvelad respublikis istoriaSi religiuri partia
`saTnoebis partia~, romlis akrZalvis Semdegac man saqmianoba
`samarTlianobisa da aRorZinebis partiis~ saxiT gaagrZela. partiis
liders mamiT gurj, dediT laz rejef Taif erdoRans dRes premier-
ministris Tanamdeboba ukavia. ufro adre mas stambolis meris
Tanamdebobac ekava. erdoRani ar malavs Tavis qarTvelobas. aRniSnul
partias aSS-Si `zomieri islamis~ frTas miakuTvneben. imave partiis
105
erT-erTi lideria diplomati iaSar iaqiSi, romelmac diplomatiuri
karieris damTavrebis Semdeg erdoRans daukavSira politikuri
moRvaweoba. samoc wels gadacilebuli iaSar iaqiSi amJamadac aris
mTavrobis meTauris mrCeveli, ramdenime wlis win ki sagareo saqmeTa
ministris Tanamdebobaze muSaobda. lazuris garda, icis qarTulic.
dainteresebulia lazebis istoriis sakiTxebis kvleviTac.
memarjvene politikur moRvaweTa Soris aRsaniSnavia aseve 1947 w.
stambolSi dabadebuli rizeli mesuT ilmazi, romelic T. ozalis
mier daarsebuli `dedasamSoblos~ partiis lideri iyo wlebis
ganmavlobaSi. 90-ian wlebSi sagareo saqmeTa ministris, xolo Semdeg
premier-ministris Tanamdeboba ekava. TurqeTis memarcxene politikuri
partiebSic araerTi lazuri warmoSobis moRvawem miaRwia warmatebas.
ufrosi Taobis politikur moRvaweebs Soris aRsaniSnavia mumTaz
soisali, TurqeTis socialuri partiis TvalsaCino lideri,
saerTaSoriso samarTlis specialisti. amave partiis lideri
mogvianebiT gaxda rizeli lazi murad karaialCini, romelsac 90-iani
wlebis dasawyisSi q. ankaris meris Tanamdeboba ekava.
TurqeTis dedaqalaq ankaris erT-erTi raionis gamgebelia lazi
qali, gvarad xalvaSi. TurqeTis ekonomikis winsvlasa da ganviTareba-
Si metad mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben lazi biznesmenebi. samarTlis
sferoSi mniSvnelovani figuraa stambolis universitetis profesori
ToxTamiS aTeSi (Ateş).
sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis bevr sferoSi mamakacebTan erTad
warmatebiT moRvaweoben qalebic. q. ankaraSi cnobilia koleji,
romlis direqtoric lazi qalia _ faToS abla. aseve cnobilia
Turqulenovani lazi poeti qali selma koCiva. lazi poeti sinan
badiSi (arbairakoRlu) amJamad cxovrobs da moRvaweobs stambolSi.
cnobilia lazi poeti da mxatvari, xasan helimiSi. mecnierebis
sferoSi, rogorc TurqeTSi, aseve sazRvargareT nayofierad
moRvaweoben lazi mkvlevrebi. maTi nawili ucxoeTis wamyvan
106
samecniero centrebSi aris miwveuli. bolo xans laz mecnierTa Soris
gaizarda mSobliuri mxaris istoriis, kulturisadmi interesi. ali
ihsan aqsamazi (Ali Ihsan Aksamaz) lazebis istoriis sakiTxebs swavlobs.
leqsikografiis sakiTxebSi aRsaniSnavia ismail avji bujaqliSis
(Jsmail Avci Bucaklişi) da viweli hasan uzunhasanoRlus (Hasan Uzunhasanoğlu)
leqsikonebi. bujaqliSis saqmianoba `zuRaSi berefes~ jgufs da
Jurnal `ognis~ gamocemasac ukavSirdeba.
lazebis istoriis ZiriTadi sakiTxebis SeswavliT aris cnobili
lazi ganmanaTlebeli m. rejai ozguni, misi wigni `lazlar~ (Lazlar =
lazebi) popularulia lazebSi. ozguni iTxovs avtoxton enebze
SezRudvebis gauqmebas, lazurisaTvis dedaenis statusis miniWebas da,
rac metad mniSvnelovania, xelovnurad gadarqmeuli toponimebisaTvis
lazuri saxelebis aRdgena-SenarCunebas.
momRerali, musikosi qazim qoiunju (Kazim Koyuncu), romelic
lazur musikalur folklorsac ikvlevda. cnobilia trapizoneli
momRerali fuad saka, aseve, TurqeTis estardis cnobili
wamomadgeneli, Tarqani rizelia. TurqeTis TeatrmcodneTa Soris
aRsaniSnavia arqabedi hauaTi asilaziji (Hayati asilyazici), romelic q.
stambolSi ganaTlebis sferoSic moRvaweobs. igi 1987 wels
imyofeboda saqarTveloSi da dResac TurqeTis sazogadoebas qarTuli
kulturis miRwevebs acnobs.
sportis sferoSi gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia TurqeTSi sportis
nomer pirvel saxeobaSi _ fexburTSi SavizRvispirelTa warmatebebi.
(www.diaspora.gov.ge)
qarTvelebi stambolSi da maTi sagamomcemlo moRvaweoba
`istoriulad qarTvelebs mWidro kavSiri hqoniaT bizantiasTan,
mis dedadqalaq konstantinopolTan. qarTvelebs aq TavianTi
axalSenic dauarsebiaT, qalaqis erT-erT ubans gurji-kafu
(qarTvelTa kari) ewodeboda.
107
qarTvelebs konstantinopolSi eklesiebic hqondaT. mkvlevarTa
cnobiT, konstantinopolSi maT ori savane ekuTvnodaT: anastaziasi _
qalaqSi da sosTenisa _ qalaqis ganapiras. fiqroben, rom sosTenis
eklesiis adgilas fiali faSas meCeTia agebuli, xolo anasTazias
eklesiis adgilmdebareobis dadgena ver xerxdeba. istoriuli
wyaroebi arafers ambobs sxva qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb. erT-erTi
cnobis mixedviT, 1195 wels konstantinopolSi gaZarcves qarTveli
berebi, romlebsac waarTves Tamar mefisagan boZebuli saCuqrebi.
gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom swored es gaxda mizezi imisa, rom 1204
wels Tamar mefem omi gamoucxada bizantiis imperators, ris
Sedegadac Seiqmna trapizonis samefo.
1453 wels osmalebma daipyres konstantinopoli, sabolood mospes
bizantiis saxelmwifo da Sav zRvazec gabatondnen. am mizeziT
saqarTvelos ekonomikuri urTierToba mezobel saxelmwifosTan
Seferxda, iq mcxovreb qarTvelTa ricxvi TandaTanobiT Semcirda.
Zveli qarTuli dasaxlebidan qarTvelebi galaTaSi kompaqturad
dasaxldnen, Semdeg ki _ Zveli stambolis im nawilSi, romelsac
vezir-xans uwodeben.
stambolis qarTuli axalSenis mosaxleobis ZiriTadi nawili
mesxeTidan iyvnen. dasaxlebebi gansakuTrebiT gaizarda 1828-1829 ww.
ruseT-TurqeTis omis Semdeg. qarTvelebis umetesoba kaTolikeebi
iyvnen. isinic galaTas midamoebSi saxldebodnen. kaTolikeebs
mfarvelobdnen romis papi da evropis saxelmwifoebi. stambolSi, sanam
feriqoiSi qarTvel kaTolikeTa savane daarsdeboda, isini
RvTismsaxurebas wminda petres eklesiaSi asrulebdnen, romelic
italiel mRvdlebs ekuTvnoda. eklesiis sasaflaoze qarTvelebic
iyvnen dakrZalulni. droTa ganmavlobaSi Zveli sasaflao am
adgilidan ufro Sors gadaitanes. feriqois qarTvel kaTolikeTa
eklesiis arqivSi daculia sasaflaos qarTuli warwerebis arasruli
sia, romlidanac irkveva, rom uZvelesi warwera 1702 wels ganekuTvneba.
108
qarTvel kaTolikeTa raodenobrivi zrdisa da maTi ekonomikuri
mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis Sedegad saWiro gaxda stambolSi
qarTvel kaTolikeTa sazogadoebis daarseba. 1859 w. 7 maiss romis
papma petre xarisWiraSvils stambolSi qarTuli sasuliero
sazogadoebis Seqmnisa da monastris daarsebis neba darTo. 1861 w.
stambolis gareubanSi, feriqoiSi (feriebis sofeli), dafuZnda
qarTuli kaTolikuri monasteri. male daarsda skolac, sadac
saRvTismetyvelo sagnebis garda aswavlidnen qarTul enasa da lite-
raturas, saqarTvelos istorias, maTematikas, fizikasa da astrono-
mias. iswavleboda laTinuri, berZnuli da franguli enebi. p. xarisWi-
raSvili Turquli enis maswavleblebad mahmadian qarTvelebs iwvevda.
1870 wels daarsda qarTuli stamba. qarTul kaTolikur eklesiaSi
wirva-locva tardeboda qarTulad, rac xels uwyobda kaTolike da
marTlmadidebeli qarTvelebis gaerTianebas stambolSi. stambaSi
ibeWdeboda saswavlo da sxva Sinaarsis wignebi: `mokle ritorika~,
`mokle franciculi gramatika~, `kari laTinuri gramatikisa~,
`yvavilebis kona~, `saqristiano moZRvreba~, `mokle filosofia~,
`patara saqristiano moZRvreba~, `walkoti locviT~, `yovlad wminda
RvTismSoblis ciskris locvani~, `doRmaturi RvTismetyveleba~ da
sxv.; stambam gaaaqtiura muSaoba damoukidebeli saqarTvelos (1918-1921)
periodSi. daibeWda p. surgulaZis `saqarTvelo Tavisuflebisaken~
(1918), pavle ingoroyvas `saqarTvelos teritoriis sazRvrebis Sesaxeb~
(1918), p. surgulaZis `damoukidebeli saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso
mniSvneloba~ da sxv. stambolis qarTul stambas didi mniSvneloba
hqonda qarTuli wignis beWdvis TvalsazrisiTac. am wamowyebebis
sulisCamdgmeli iyo petre (luka) xarisWiraSvili (1818-1890).
1908 w. stambolSi mcxovrebi vl. wereTlis TaosnobiT daarsda
saqvelmoqmedo sazogadoeba `qarTvelTa erToba~, romlis mizani iyo
gaeerTianebina iq mcxovrebi qarTvelebi ganurCevlad religiuri mrwa-
msisa, xelmokleTaTvis ki, materialuri daxmareba gaewia. es sazogado-
109
eba mxolod revoluciis Semdeg Seudga legalurad muSaobas. 1908-1909
ww. axalgazrda TurqTa revoluciisa da konstituciis aRdgenis
Semdeg qveyanaSi politikuri cxovreba gamococxlda. iqmneboda
politikuri partiebi da organizaciebi. qarTvel mahmadianTagan oTxi
deputati airCies parlamentSi. qarTveli muslimebi xvdebodnen kaTo-
like qarTvelebs. feriqois qarTvelTa savane qarTvelTa TavSeyris
adgilad iqca. qarTvelTa SekavSirebis saqmeSi mniSvnelovani wvlili
Seitana qarTuli klubis daarsebam. imarTeboda krebebi, romlebsac
eswrebodnen qarTvelebi: faSebi, generlebi, oficrebi, veqilebi,
eqimebi da sxv. SeimuSaves wesdeba, romelic osmaleTis mTavrobam
daamtkica. ruseTis mier saqarTvelos demokratiuli respublikis
aneqsiisa da sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdeg saqarTvelos
urTierToba TurqeTTan Sewyda. feriqois skola mowafeTa simciris
gamo daixura, muSaoba Sewyvita qarTulma stambam, mrevlis simciris
gamo daixura kaTolikuri eklesiac.
1992 wels saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis respublikebs Soris daido
xelSekruleba megobrobis, TanamSromlobisa da keTilmezobluri
urTierTobis Sesaxeb~ (svaniZe 1993).
110
TurqeTis qarTvelebis problemebi
qarTuli warmoSobis TurqeTis moqalaqeebi integrirebulni arian
TurqeTis sazogadoebaSi. maTTvis erovnuli TviTmyofadobis
SenarCunebis saSualebaa folkolruli ansamblebisa da qarTuli enis
Semswavleli kursebis organizacia. aRniSnuli wamowyeba, ra Tqma
unda, saqarTvelos saxelmwifosgan mxardaWerilia. TurqeTis qarTuli
diaspora sakuTari SesaZleblobebiT wvdeba kulturuli kerebis
organizaciis sakiTxebs, Tumca, arsebobs problemebi:
• qarTuli enis Seswavlis msurvelTa nakleboba
2010 w. diasporis sakiTxebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministris
aparatis iniciativiTa da uSualo monawileobiT, saqarTvelos
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosa da saqarTvelos wamyvan
universitetebTan TanamSromlobiT daiwyo muSaoba erToblivi
programis _ `iswavle saqarTveloSi~ ganxorcielebaze. programa
SemuSavebulia TurqeTSi mcxovrebi moswavle-axalgazrdobisTvis da
iTvaliswinebs maT ugamocdod Caricxvas saqarTvelos mTavar umaRles
saswavleblebSi. aRniSnuli programiT Caricxuli yvela studentis
swavla srulad finansdeba saxelmwifo saswavlo grantiT. swavlis
periodSi studentebs stipendia eniSnebaT. programa saswavlo
procesis pirvel wels qarTuli enis Seswavlas iTvaliswinebs,
Sesabamisad, monawileobis miRebis msurvelebi, sasurvelia, qarTul
enas flobdnen (salaparako done). pirvel etapze TurqeTis
respublikidan daaxloebiT ocdaaTma axalgazrdam gamoTqva survili
monawileoba miiRos aRniSnul programaSi. proeqtis ganxorcieleba
ori mezobeli qveynis - saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis megobrobas kidev
ufro gaaRrmavebs.
Cveni kvlevis mixedviT, TurqeTSi qarTulenovani perioduli
gamocemebis sakiTxi aseve ukavSirdeba qarTuli enis Seswavlis
msurvelTa, mcodneTa naklebobis problemas. TurqeTSi Cven vxvdebiT
Turqul an Turqul-qarTul gamocemebs.
111
• TurqeTis teritoriaze arsebuli qarTuli Zeglebis sakiTxi.
TurqeTis teritoriaze arsebuli qarTuli Zeglebis sakiTxi
yovelTvis iyo qarTveli da Turqi mecnierebis Seswavlis sagani.
TurqeTis respublikis teritoriaze arsebuli marTlmadidebluri
Zeglebis Sesaxeb pirveli mokle cnobebi karl koxma, dimitri
baqraZem, giorgi yazbegma da praskovia uvarovam mogvawodes. am kuTxiT
sainteresoa niko maris `SavSeT-klarjeTSi mogzaurobis dRiuri~. am
sakiTxze muSaobdenen giorgi CubinaSvili, parmen zaqaraia. erT-erT
fundamentur Sromad iTvleba vaxtang jobaZis wigni `adreuli Sua
saukuneebis qarTuli monastrebi istoriul taoSi, klarjeTsa da
SavSeTSi~, agreTve aRniSvnis Rirsia evropeli da amerikeli avtorebis
(nikol da Jan-miSel tieri, devid uinfildi, robert edvarsi, bruno
baumgartneri da sxv.) naSromebi. am mkvlevarTa Rvawli miT ufro
dasafasebelia, rom 1950-iani ww. bolodan moyolebuli mTeli sami
aTeuli wlis ganmavlobaSi, `TurqeTis saqarTvelo~ miuwvdomeli iyo
CvenTvis. 1980-iani wlebidan qarTuli kulturis Seswavlis saqmeSi
aqtiurad Caebnen Turqi mecnierebic, maT Soris aRsaniSnavia mine
qadiroRlu, Turgai iazari, jafer qaraja da sxv. (xoStaria 2005;
jobaZe 2006; WiWinaZe 2004).
qarTuli kulturis Zeglebi turistuli infrastruqturis
ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiTac sainteresoa, Tumca Zeglebis
mdgomareoba savalaloa, rom araferi iTqvas zogierT taZarSi meCeTis
funqciobis Sesaxeb. Zeglebis aRdgenis Taobaze araoficialuri da
oficialuri molaparakebebi TurqeTsa da saqarTvelos Soris 2005
wlidan mimdinareobs. aRmoCnda, rom 2011 w. dasawyisSi diplomatiuri
uwyebebis warmomadgenlebis mier gaxmovanebuli SeTanxmeba TurqeTSi
arsebuli qarTuli Zeglebis Taobaze polemikis sagani gaxda. „sadavo
SeTanxmeba, romelic qarTul mxares cud mdgomareobaSi agdebs“ _ am
saTauriT gazeT „kviris palitraSi“ gamoqveynda eka lomiZis statia
(24.01.2011). `qarTul da Turqul mxareebs Soris SeTanxmebaSi balansi
112
unda iyos daculi~ – aseTia saqarTvelos sapatriarqos pozicia.
sapatriarqom specialuri gancxadeba gaavrcela saqarTvelosa da
TurqeTs Soris molaparakebis Sesaxeb. SeTanxmebis mixedviT,
istoriuli tao-klarjeTis teritoriaze mdebare xanZTis, oSkis,
iSxnisa da oTxTa eklesiis reabilitaciis sanacvlod, saqarTveloSi
sami meCeTis ganaxleba da erTis aSeneba igegmeba. gancxadebis
gavrcelebis Semdeg sazogadoebaSi gansxvavebuli azri gaCnda, isic ki
iTqva, rom saqarTvelos sapatriarqos pozicia radikaluria.
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis mdivani dekanozi miqael
botkoveli: „qarTul da Turqul mxareebs Soris SeTanxmebaSi balansi
unda iyos daculi. faqtia, rom saqarTveloSi asobiT muslimuri
salocavia da maT moqmedebas aravin krZalavs. amitomac, rbilad rom
vTqvaT, kargi Jesti ar aris TurqeTis mxridan imis moTxovna, rom
kidev erTi an oTxi salocavi gaaxsnevino da sanacvlodac imdenive
aRgadgeninos Tavis teritoriaze. amasTan, aRgadgeninos ara monasteri,
rogorc funqciuri obieqti, aramed, mxolod rogorc Zegli. es ar
aris Tanabari subieqtebis saubari. qarTul mxares aSkarad cud
mdgomareobaSi agdebs es SeTanxmeba. Zeglebi unda aRdges, magram
SeTanxmeba unda moxdes mxolod Tanabar poziciaSi myofi
saxelmwifoebis doneze. saWiroa imis gaTvaliswineba, rom TurqeTi
evrokavSirSi integraciisken miiswrafvis. Tu iunesko moiTxovs, es
taZrebi am sadavo SeTanxmebis gareSec SeiZleba aRdges. am, marTlac,
unikaluri Zeglebis aRdgena ara mxolod saqarTvelosTvis,
msofliosTvis iqneba mniSvnelovani movlena“.
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gancxadeba, 18 ianvari 2011 weli:
„TurqeTSi qarTuli taZrebis, xolo saqarTveloSi meCeTebis
restavraciasTan dakavSirebiT rogorc CvenTvis cnobili gaxda, kvlav
mimdinareobs molaparakeba saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis saxelmwifoebs
Soris amjerad saqarTveloSi ukve oTxi meCeTis da erTi abanos, xolo
TurqeTSi oTxi qarTuli taZris aRdgenis Sesaxeb.
113
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis (konstituciuri SeTanxmebis) Tanax-
mad, eklesia warmoadgens sajaro samarTlis iuridiul pirs, romelic
mesakuTrea qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia-monastrebisa, xolo
saxelmwifos aqvs valdebuleba, awarmoos molaparakeba ucxoeTSi ars-
ebuli qarTuli taZrebis sakuTrebisa da movla-patronobis Sesaxeb.
amdenad, TurqeTis mxarisaTvis wardgenili taZrebis sia da
molaparakebis pirobebi, bunebrivia, SeTanxmebuli unda yofiliyo mis
mesakuTresTan _ saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan, rac arc adre da arc
axla ar ganxorcielebula. es CvenTvis sruliad gaugebaria.
Tavidanve SevniSnavT, rom iseTi mniSvnelobis Zeglebi, rogoricaa
oSki, xanZTa, oTxTa, iSxani... iuneskos egidiTac SeiZleboda
aRdgeniliyo da amisaTvis Sesabamisi nabijebi aqamdec SeiZleboda
gadadgmuliyo. molaparakebebi ki, Turqul mxaresTan sxva taZrebis
restavraciasTan dakavSirebiT unda gvewarmoebina.
ratom ar iqna es gza gamoyenebuli, ar viciT.
dabolos, unda Tavidanve ganisazRvros isic, Tu vis sakuTrebaSi
iqneba saqarTveloSi aRdgenili meCeTebi, TurqeTSi ki - taZrebi.
vimedovnebT, Cven mier wamoyenebuli winadadebebi misaRebi iqneba yvela
mxarisTvis, rac Cven Soris urTierTobas konstruqciuls gaxdis“.
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gancxadeba, 4 Tebervali 2011 weli:
„Cven vimedovnebdiT, rom a. w. 18 ianvris gancxadebis Semdeg
sapatriarqo CarTuli iqneboda im molaparakebebSi, romelic TurqeT-
saqarTvelos Soris mimdinareobs taZrebisa da meCeTebis aRdgenis
Sesaxeb. samwuxarod, es ase ar moxda da procesi kvlav eklesiis
interesebis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe viTardeba, rac CvenTvis
miuRebelia, radgan xaxulisa da ardaSenis gadmocemis, - anu am saxis
nacvalgebis, - gareSe meCeTebis mSeneblobis dawyeba gaumarTleblad
migvaCnia. gvinda ganvmartoT, rom ardaSeni ar aris mxolod taZari;
igia istoriuli lazeTis saepiskoposos erT-erTi centri da, aqedan
gamomdinare, misi aRdgena ara marto ardaSenis, aramed mTeli am
114
mxaris, – lazeTis, qarTuli eTnokulturisa da saeklesio sivrcis
ganuyofel nawilad warmoCenas niSnavs. igive iTqmis taoSi xaxulis
monastris amoqmedebis Sesaxeb. vfiqrobT, aq meCeTis funqcionireba
TurqebisTvisac ki did saWiroebas ar unda warmoadgendes, miT umetes,
rom TurqeTSi arsebul berZnul taZrebSi meCeTebi ar funqcionirebs,
xolo axlaxan erT-erT somxur taZarze jvaric ki daidga.
bolos ki davZenT, rom saqarTveloSi aSenebuli da asaSenebeli
meCeTebi, muslimTa organizaciis sakuTreba aris da iqneba, xolo
TurqeTSi aRsadgeni taZrebi dRevandeli mdgomareobiT saqarTvelos
da saqarTvelos eklesiis sakuTrebaSi ar moiazreba, rac samarTliani
ar aris.
vimedovnebT, saqarTvelos xelisufleba Cvens konstruqciul
winadadebas gaiTvaliswinebs molaparakebebisas~.
aRsaniSnavia, rom TurqeTis teritoriaze arsebobs qarTuli
kulturis Zeglebi: Tuxarisi, artanuji, opiza, xanZTa, dolisyana,
Satberdi, tbeTi, oTxTa, dolisyana, xaxuli, oSki, iSxani, jmerki, daba,
bareTelTa, wyarosTavi, minZaZori, parexi da sxv. (xoStaria 2005).
axlaxan TurqeTis mxarem oSkis taZarSi sarestavracio samuSaoebi
qarTul mxaresTan SeuTanxmeblad warmarTa, rac, bunebrivia, qarTul
mxares miuReblad miaCnia. TurqeTis teritoriaze arsebuli qarTuli
Zeglebis sakiTxs, ZiriTadad, qarTuli nacionaluri media exmianeba.
TurqeTis qarTuli warmoSobis moqalaqeebisaTvis es sakiTxi,
samwuxarod, aqtualuri ar aris.
115
TurqeTis qarTvelebis gamocemebi
Jurnali `Cveneburi~
1977 wels pirvelad Turqul enaze stokholmSi Jurnali
`Cveneburi~ gamoica. SvedeTis dedaqalaqSi 1977-78 ww. `Cveneburis~ xuTi
nomeri daistamba, rac dakavSirebuli iyo Saniver akinis (Salva
TevzaZe) saxelTan (sxvaTa Soris, SvedeTis qarTuli saTvistomos
Camoyalibebis sakiTxic Saniver akinis (TevzaZe) saxels ukavSirdeba).
1979 wels stambolSi ahmed ozqan (melaSvilis) xelmZRvanelobiT
VI da VII nomrebi daistamba. Jurnalis redaqtors, qarTuli kulturis
did moamages, Tanadgomas uwevda gamoCenili qarTveli mecnieri da
sazogado moRvawe, profesori oTar gigineiSvili. 1980 wlis ivlisSi
redaqtoris tragikulma daRupvam Jurnalis gamocema SeaCera.
gardaicvala oTar gigineiSvilic.
`Cveneburi~ 1993 w. Tebervlis bolos Jurnalis saredaqcio sabWos
wevrebma aRadgines. gamomcemeli iyo SevqeT Sirini, mTavari redaqtori
_ fahreTin CiloRlu (beqa CilaSvili; igive farna WilaZe). 1997
wlidan `Cveneburis~ gamomcemeli da xelmZRvaneli osman nuri merjani
(oTar imedaSvili) gaxda: `awi Cven vimuSavebT, rom Cveni `sisxlis~ ena
ar gaqres, ar daviviwyoT. `gonji~ saqmea, roca kaci Tavis sisxls
daiviwyebs, Tavis enas pativs ar scems da mas ar laparakobs~.
ahmed ozqan (melaSvili) daibada 1922 w. 10 ivniss TurqeTis sof.
qoCbairSi (baliqesiris olqi). aq 1877-78 ww. ruseT-osmaleTis omis
dros arTvinis olqis murRulis raionis sof. arxvadan
gadmosaxlebul qarTvelebs ucxovriaT. ahmedis mama _ Tevfiqi _ im
midamoSi ganTqmuli qviTxuro yofila, jameebi da minareTebi
auSenebia. Segirdebad qarTvelebi hyolia, romelTac, xelobis garda,
qarTul simRerebsac aswavlida. Tevfiq ozqani SesaniSnavad ukravda
qarTul xalxur sakravebze, uamravi leqsi da simRera icoda.
sabolood, misi jgufi qarTuli xalxuri simRerisa da cekvis
116
ansamblad iqca. ahmed ozqanis xuTi dedmamisSvili qarTul garemoSi
izrdeboda. ahmeds deda bavSvobaSi gardaecvala, mama _ 1959 wels.
ahmeds pirveldawyebiTi ganaTleba Tavisi soflis skolaSi
miuRia, Semdeg bandirmasa da baliqesiris liceumebSi uswavlia. 1943
wels swavla izmiris vaJTa meore liceumSi daasrula.
baliqesiris liceumSi swavlisas mas da mis qarTvel megobrebs
laTinuri anbanis safuZvelze qarTuli anbani SeudgeniaT da mimowera
gauCaRebiaT. mxolod 21 wlis asakSi Seityo ahmedma TurqeTSi
gadasaxlebuli erTi qarTvelisagan qarTuli anbanisa da stambolSi
qarTuli kaTolikuri eklesiis arsebobis Sesaxeb. qalaq stambolSi
specialurad Casuli, qarTuli wera-kiTxviT dainteresebuli
axalgazrdebisaTvis, mSobliuri ena stambolis qarTuli kaTolikuri
eklesiis moZRvars, mama pavles uswavlebia. qarTuli enis Seswavlis
interesi gaZlierda maSin, rodesac ahmedi da misi megobrebi TurqeTis
dedaqalaqSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad Casulan.
1943 w. ahmedi stambolis teqnikuri universitetis arqiteqturis
fakultetis studenti gaxda. is megobrobda nuri ergunTan (jinWaraZe),
qemal erilmazTan (jinWaraZe) da sxv. qarTuli warmomavlobis
TanamemamuleebTan. studentTa saerTo sacxovrebelSi arsebuli cudi
pirobebis gamo ahmedi avadmyofobda. 1946 wels xelmokleobisa da
janmrTelobis gauaresebis gamo man swavla Sewyvita. 1950 wlidan
izmirSia. 1952-54 ww. am qalaqis municipalitetis arqiteqturis
sammarTveloSi muSaobda. 1954-1959 ww. naziliSi safrangeT-TurqeTis
erToblivi qemeris kaSxlis mSeneblobaze samxazvelo saxelosnoSia.
1955 w. ahmedma stambolSi iqorwina iuqsel ergunze (jinWaraZe),
SeeZina qal-vaJi, Tamari da iberia. 1959 w. bursaSi gadavida vilaeTebis
dagegmvis sammarTveloSi samuSaod. erTi wlis Semdeg Tavi aRidgina
saswavlebelSi da mesame kursidan ganagrZo swavla. saswavlebeli
warmatebiT daasrula da bursaSi dabrunda.
117
daiwyo muSaoba wignze `gurjistani _ kultura, literatura,
xelovneba, istoria, folklori~. wignis (`qarTuli sofeli hairie
TurqeTSi~) gamocemaSi mxardaWeris TxovniT ahmedma 1973 w. 28 marts
werili gaugzavna amerikaSi mcxovreb qarTvelebs. ufro konkretulad,
werilis adresatebi iyvnen: comaia, sindikeli, jobaZe, zaldastani,
baraTeli da sulxani: `asi wlis win saqarTvelos maWaxel raionidan
gadmosaxlebuli sofel hairie TurqeTSi qalaq bursas axlos aris. me
da amerikeli pol magnarela anTrefologiuri da mecnieruli wigns
vwerT. 90% damTavrda. wignSi aris soflis dRevandeli Cveuleba,
ekonomika, andazebi, gamocanebi da leqsebi. suraTebic bevri iqneba. am
mniSvnelovan qarTul sofelSi jer qorwilebSi qarTuli xalxuri
cekvebi da simRerebi aris. qarTulai vlaparakobT. Cven gvinda rom
eseni ar davkargoT. Cveni wigni `qarTuli sofeli hairie TurqeTSi~
(inglisur enaze) daaxloebiT 300 gverdi iqneba.
am mokle cnobis Semdeg ai Cveni erovnuli da istoriuli Txovna:
Cven gvinda rom am wignSi sofelSi myof qarTuli xalxuri simRerebic
iyos. gigzavniT am werilTan erTad 1) qarTuli firfitis ydas, 2)
erTi qarTuli firfitas, Cven gvinda rom sofelSi myof es simRerebi,
romlebic Cawerilia amerikaSi unda gakeTdes 2 formaT da Cven
wignTan erTad gaiyidos. wigns dabeWdavs b-n pol magnarela, ven
montis universitetis antropologiis ganyofilebis viliamis
samecniero `xoli~, magram firfitebs ver gaakeTebs. Cven gvinda, rom
Tqven mandauri qarTvelebi Cveni soflis simRerebi 2 formaT
gaakeToT da waumateT Cven wignSi, amis Sesaxeb mimowera gaaCaReT pol
magnarelasTan. Tu qarTveli xarT da Tu qarTvelobT gulSi es
sakiTxi SeasruleT. am erovnul da patriotul saqmeSi Tu
degvexmareT qarTvelma xalxma dagvafasebs Cvenc da Tqvenc.
Tu SeiZleba sazogadoebas SeatyobineT. gmadlobT aqauri qarTve-
lebis saxeliT. gisurvebT warmatebas suliT da guliT erovnul da
mSobliur sakiTxebSi. veli pasuxs mouTmenlad.
118
marad erTguli ahmed ozqan (melaSvili)~.
werilze ahmed ozqan melaSvilma 1973 w. 28 dekembers pasuxi miiRo
amerikis qarTuli sazogadoebis prezident q-n elza comaiasgan:
`pativcemulo batono ahmed,
Tqveni wignebis safasurSi gigzavniT 200 dolars, romelic baton
sindikeli SegpirdaT. gisurvebT nayofier muSaobas.
gilocavT Tqven da yvela mand myof qarTvelebs bednier
axalweliwads. elza comaia.~
sapasuxod TurqeTis qarTveli moRvawe elza comaias ugzavnis
Semdeg werils:
`Zvirfas mamuliSvil q-n elza comaias.
dRes miviRe Tqveni Zvirfasi werili da 200 dolaris Ceqi.
giZRvniT did madlobas. qarTul sakiTxze Sromas vagrZeleb. xelSi
erTi romani `Caumqrali kera~ da `vefxistyaosani~ maqs. pirveli mokle
xanSi gamova. meore ar vici rodis. vsargeblob qarTul, azerbaijanul
da frangul enebidan. 60% davamTavre. Zvirfaso qalbatono, ra kargi
iqneboda axlos vyofiliyaviT, aq Zalian didad mniSvnelovani
sakiTxebia gasakeTebeli.
b-n sindikeli Zalian cota xans iyo aq. bevr dros yofiliyo bevr
soflebSi waviyvandiT da bevri sakiTxebi xelSi aviRebdiT.
mniSvnelovani Txovna: aq stambolSi aris qarTuli eklesia. iq
aris pavle aqobaSvili (adgulaZe). aman misca 2 suraTi b-n sindikels.
b-n sindikels unda gamoegzavna es 2 istoriuli suraTi. Tu SeiZleba
moagoneT mas. aqobaSvilma mwers da daJinebiT Txovs suraTebi.
jerjerobiT amdeni eyofa, Tu aqidan rame Txovna gaqsT momwereT,
siamovnebiT SegisrulebT.
gilocavT axal wels, gisurvebT mravals daeswroT.
gisurvebT warmateba erovnul da mSobliur sakiTxebSi.
marad erTguli ahmed ozqan (melaSvili)~.
119
1959 w. ahmed ozqan (melaSvilma) sofel hairieSi Camoayaliba
axalgazrduli folkloruli ansambli, romelmac bursaSi gamarTul
festivalSi gaimarjva. ansamblma sxva RonisZiebebSic gamoiCina Tavi.
sxvaTa Soris, aRniSnul safuZvelze, amJamad arsebobs ansambli
`kafdaRi~, romelsac iberia ozqan (melaSvili) xelmZRvanelobs.
1965 wels ahmed ozqan (melaSvili) safrangeTSi Cavida, Sexvda
iqaur qarTvel emigrantebs, romlebTanac adre hqonda mimowera.
ahmed ozqan (melaSvils) didi wvlili miuZRvis inegolis
kavkasiuri xalxuri Semoqmedebisa da kulturis sazogadoebis Seqmnasa
da muSaobaSi.
1968 w. qamil olgunis (TavadiZe), hairi hairioRlus (malaymaZe) da
sxva TanamemamuleTa materialur-moraluri mxardaWeriT, gamovida misi
wigni _ `gurjistani _ kultura, literatura, xelovneba, istoria,
folklori~. wignis dastambvidan mcire xnis Semdeg avtors islamisa
da Turqi xalxis upativcemuloba da komunizmis propaganda daswames,
daapatimres. ori Tvis Semdeg sasamarTlom es braldeba gaauqma. mas
Semdeg, rac ahmed ozqan (melaSvilma) sofel hairies dawyebiTi skolis
biblioTekas `dedaena~ gadasca, policiam misi bina gaCxrika da
sxvadasxva saxis literatura CamoarTva. miuxedavad amisa, man Targmna
al. yazbegis `elguja~; qarTuli, franguli da azerbaijanuli
teqstebis moSveliebiT, SoTa rusTavelis `vefxistyaosnis~ Targmnas
Seudga. misi redaqtorobiT gamovida simon qvarianis `giorgi saakaZe~
da iusuf faRavas `Caumqrali kera~ (mTargmneli: ibrahim goraZe).
1977 wels gamoica Jurnali `Cveneburi~, romlis redaqtoric ahmed
ozqan (melaSvili) gaxda.
ahmed ozqan (melaSvili) orgzis, 1975-sa da 1977 wlebSi,
stumrobda saqarTvelos.
ahmed ozqan (melaSvilis) saqmianoba TvalSi ar mosdioda
adgilobriv xelisufalT. is 1980 wlis 5 ivniss, qalaq bursaSi,
sakuTari saxlis win mokles. mZimed daWres misi Svili iberia.
120
ahmedi dakrZales sofel hairieSi. misma Tanakurselma,
arqiteqturis profesorma jengiz eruzunma, warmoSobiT lazma,
saflavis epitafiaSi zustad gamoxata misi Rvawli: `ahmedma miwas
garTxmuli Cveni erovnuli TviTSegneba aswia, agvamaRla. Cvenc avyeviT,
magram ver gavutoldiT~... misi saflavis qvaze Semdegi teqsti aweria:
`ahmed ozqan melaSvili. me ukvdavebisaTvis ki ara, Cemi xalxisTvis
vicxovre~ (kalandia 2010: 183).
ahmed ozqans (melaSvils) darCa ori Svili: Tamari da iberia.
iberia kerZo arqiteqturul saqmianobas eweva, xelmZRvanelobs
qarTul folklorul ansambl `kafdaRs~.
Jurnali `Cveneburi~ Turqulenovania.
am ramdenime wlis win TurqeTis qarTvelebma TxovniT mimarTes
qveynis tele-radio korporaciis direqtoratsa da umaRles sabWos,
rom kviraSi xuTjer gasuliyo naxevarsaaTiani gadacema, romelTa
Sinaarsi maTTvis cnobili iqneboda. moTxovna Seesabameboda TurqeTis
respublikis kanonmdeblobas. sxvaTa Soris, telegadacemebi momzadda
eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis xuT sxvadasxva enaze, qurTul, zazas
(qurTuli enis gansxvavebuli dialeqti), adiRur (romelsac Cerqezuls
uwodeben), arnavuTul da boSnakur enebze. ignorirebuli iyo qarTuli
da lazuri. orive enaze gadacemaTa momzadebis iniciativas uari eTqva.
iniciatorebma ar ician ramdeni qarTveli uyurebs am gadacemebs,
Tumca, survili didia, rom yvela qarTvelma ixilos.
JurnalSi gamoikveTa problema: saWiroa qarTuli enis
Semswavleli ufaso kursebis gaxsna, aseve, Cveneburebs saqarTvelos
universitetebSi umaRlesi ganaTlebis saSualeba unda mieces;
qarTuli gamocemebi moralur da materialur daxmarebasac saWiroebs.
Zneli warmosadgenia `Cveneburis~ qarTulenovani gamocema. radgan
Turqulenovan `Cvenebursac~ ki, TurqeTis qarTvelTa Soris sasurveli
raodenobis mkiTxveli ar hyavda. Jurnali 2006 wlidan aRar ibeWdeba.
121
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom internetSi ganTavsebuli veb-gverdi
www.chveneburi.net naxevrad qarTulenovania.
muslim qarTvelTa Soris termin `Cveneburis~ gamoyenebis
Taviseburebas xazs usvams fahreTin CiloRlu. misi TqmiT, mahmadiani
gurjebi `qarTveli xar?~-is nacvlad, `Cveneburi xar?~, `qarTuli icis~
magier ki _ `Cveneburad icis?~ amboben.
Turqulad dawerili statiebi, ZiriTadad, originaluria da,
umTavresad, TurqeTSi mcxovrebi Cveni Tanamemamuleebis kalams
ekuTvnis. maT mierve aris Sesrulebuli Targmanebis umravlesoba.
redaqciaSi aqtiurad moRvaweoben warmoSobiT qarTveli avtorebi:
osman nuri merjani (oTar imedaSvili), fahredin CiloRlu (beqa
CilaSvili), hairi hairioRlu (malaymaZe), mustafa iaquTi
(ximSiaSvili), ragif aTai, hasan Celiqi, ismail iaziji da sxv.
Jurnalis rubrikebia: `xalxuri Semoqmedeba~, `xelovneba-litera-
tura~, `Tvalsazrisi~, `istoria~, `bavSvTaTvis~, `qarTuli ena~ da a.S.
1993 wels aRdgenili Jurnalis redaqciam Tavidan qalaq bursaSi,
Semdeg stambolSi daido bina. Jurnali kvartalSi erTxel gamodioda.
`Cveneburi~ rigdeboda TurqeTis yvela kuTxeSi.
oTar imedaSvilis TqmiT, `Zalian Znelia, rom odesme Jurnali
`Cveneburi~ gamoices qarTul enaze.... erTaderTi problema amisaTvis
Sesabamis mkiTxvelTa ararsebobaa. miuxedavad imisa, rom Jurnali
Turqulenovani iyo, Cven mainc gviWirs sasurveli raodenobis
mkiTxvelTa mozidva `Cveneburebs~ Soris, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT
Jurnalis qarTulenovan variantze.~
Jurnali `Cveneburi~ exmianeboda saqarTvelo-TurqeTis urTierTo-
bebs. sxvadasxva qveynis, aRmsareblobis adamianebis gacnoba-daaxloebi-
sa da kulturuli Rirebulebis gacvlis rTulsa da pasuxsageb saq-
meSi Jurnali mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda. (`xidi~; `axali xidi~).
122
Jurnali `firosmani~
orenovani Turqul-qarTuli Jurnali `firosmani~ 2007 wels
gamoica. perioduloba _ kvartalSi erTi nomeri (perioduloba xSirad
darRveulia). gavrcelebis areali _ saqarTvelo, TurqeTi. gamocema
ibeWdeba TurqeTSi, stambolSi. sakorespondencio qseli _ saqarTvelo,
TurqeTi. formati A5, carcis qaRaldi, feradi, 66 gverdiani.
gamocemulia 11 nomeri.
TurqeTSi qarTuli perioduli gamocemebis mdidari tradicia
arsebobs. ahmed ozqan melaSvilis mier gamocemuli ,`Cveneburi~
TurqeTis qarTvelebis sulieri navsayudeli, CvenTvis ki _
Cveneburebis gadarCenis imedi iyo (tradiciebze saubrisas
gasaTvaliswinebelia stambolis kaTolikuri eklesiis stambaSi
dabeWdili Jurnal-gazeTebi).
fahreTin CiloRlu, romelic garkveuli periodi (1993-1997)
redaqtorobda 1993 wels aRdgenil Jurnal `Cveneburs~, SemdgomSi
Jurnal `mamuls~ gamoscemda. samwuxarod, `mamulis~ sul xuTi nomeri
gamovida. fahreTin CiloRlum araerTi qarTveli mwerlis nawarmoebi
Targmna. sxvadasxva dros Turqul periodikasa da Jurnal `CveneburSi~
gabneulma Targmanebma krebulebSi moiyara Tavi.
fahreTin CiloRlus kalams ekuTvnis `qarTvelTa istoria~. wigns
`saqarTvelos istoria~ ar hqvia, radgan exeba ara marto saqarT-
veloSi mcxovreb, aramed samSoblos mowyvetil Tanamemamuleebs,
romlebmac SeinarCunes qarTvelobis xsovna da qarTuli ena. fahreTin
CiloRlum aRmoaCina da Zveli osmaluridan Tanamedrove Turqul
enaze Targmna 1893 wels stambolSi gamocemuli wigni _ `qarTuli
soflebi~. kvlevis avtoria ismeTzade mehmed arifi. ruseT-osmaleTis
omis (1877-1878) dros Woroxis xeobaSi mdgari rusuli jaris oficeri
ivane jaiani `droebasa~ da `iveriaSi~ werilebs agzavnida aqauri
qarTvelebis yofa-cxovrebis Sesaxeb. es werilebi fahreTinma
123
Turqulad Targmna da gamocemas `werilebi SavSeTidan~ daarqva.
Semdeg Targmna abdul miqelaZis wignic – `werilebi aWaridan~.
mniSvnelovania CiloRlus mier momzadebuli `dedaena~, romelic
Turquli damwerlobis mcodne qarTvelebisTvisaa gankuTvnili.
`TurqulSi ar arsebobs aseTi sityva _ `uCinmaCini~, gadavwyvite,
Cemi moTxrobebis Turqulenovani gamocema qarTulad damesaTaurebina,
amitomac yvela mekiTxeba, ras niSnavs `uCinmaCini~? mec ase veubnebi:
waikiTxeT wigni da mixvdebiT!~ _ ambobs fahreTin CiloRlu, TurqeTSi
mcxovrebi qarTveli, romlis moTxrobebis krebuli _ `uCinmaCini~
daibeWda TurqeTSi da, rogorc misi sxva gamocemebi, popularulia
iqaur mkiTxvelebSi. wignSi Sesulia ocdaori moTxroba, maTgan
ramdenimes mwerlis Zveli gamocemebidan icnobs mkiTxveli, ramdenime
ki _ ucnobi novelaa.
ufro adre Turqulenovani gamocemebidan SerCeuli moTxrobebi
iTargmna qarTul enaze, wigns `sasazRvro fiqrebi~ (CiloRlu 2006)
daeqva da gamomcemloba `artanujis~ mier gamoica. moTxrobebi
Turqulidan Targmnes: lela dadianma, nana kaWaravam, mirian maxaraZem.
qarTulenovan gamocemas qarTvel mkiTxvelTa sazogadoebaSi
damfasebelic bevri gamouCnda, qarTul periodul gamocemebSi
araerTi publikacia, recenzia gamoqveynda. ra Tqma unda, Turqul
enaze gamocemuli `uCinmaCinic~ popularobiT sargeblobs Turq
mkiTxvelTa sazogadoebaSi, aseve, kritikosebSi, romlebic dadebiTad
axasiaTeben qarTuli warmoSobis mwerlis literaturul moRvaweobas...
fahreTin CiloRluს რedaqtorobით TurqeTSi გამოდიოდა
orenovanი, qarTul-Turqulი periodulი gamocema, Jurnalი
`firosmanი~, aseve, მის მიერ არის დაარსებული eleqtronuli
sainformacio gverdi www.konapedia.com, romelic enciklopediuri
xasiaTis masalebs awvdis mkiTxvels saqarTvelosa da TurqeTis
Sesaxeb. amJamad internetportals iasin onju (iveri msxalaZe)
xelmZRvanelobs.
124
`orenovani Jurnali, iseve, rogorc msoflios sxva mraval
qveyanaSi, arc TurqeTSi araa axali ambavi, magram Tu saqme qarTul-
Turqul Jurnals Seexeba, maSin Tamamad unda vTqvaT, rom es
namdvilad sruliad axali da uCveulo ambavia. maSin, rodesac
TurqeTis arcerT universitetSi ar iswavleba arc qarTuli ena da
literatura da arc qarTvelologiis ganxra arsebobs, aseTi
Jurnalis gamocema, marTlac rom, riggareSe da didad mniSvnelovan
movlenad unda CaiTvalos. arc gamomcemlebSi urevia vinme
qarTvelologi, magram, rodesac Seni fesvebi swored am
qarTvelologTa Seswavlis sagnad gamxdari uZvelesi kulturidan
modis, am kulturis pativiscema, siyvaruli da sisxlis yivili
orenovan Jurnalsac gamogaceminebs. saqveynod aRiarebuli qarTveli
mxatvris, niko firosmanaSvilis pativsacemad Jurnalis saxelad
`firosmani~ SevarCieT da keTili grZnobebiT aRsavseni, donkixoturi
TavgametebiT SevudeqiT Zneladsaval gzas.
raRa Tqma unda, `firosmani~ mxolod mis gamosacemad momuSave
viwro wris Jurnali araa. igi qarTuli kulturiT da mwerlobiT
dainteresebuli yvela adamianisaTvis, mwerlisa Tu mkiTxvelisaTvisaa
gankuTvnili. Turqi mkiTxvelis didi nawili pirvelad swored am
Jurnalidan Seityobs Tu ras niSnavs `kolxuri TeTri~, `berikaoba~,
`Tamada~, `yanwi~, `xinkali~ da sxva mravali cneba, romelic adre
raRac idumali burusiT iyo moculi. aseve, am Jurnalis meSveobiT
ewvevian isini Tbiliss, baTums, soxums, mcxeTas, quTaiss, cxinvals,
dmaniss, varZias, vans da sxva mraval RirsSesaniSnav istoriul
adgils. qarTveli mkiTxveli ki, romelmac isedac mSvenivrad icis
`kolxuri TeTris~, `berikaobis~, `Tamadis~, `yanwisa~ da `xinklis~
mniSvneloba, imas Seityobs, Tu ra kvali datova da rogori
mniSvneloba SeinarCuna am da kidev sxva mravalma idumalma mcnebebma
aqeT, Cvensken. friad saintereso gacvla-gamocvlasTan gveqneba saqme.
125
xandaxan `uCinmaCinis qudsac~ davixuravT da xandaxan kolxeTis
sanapirosTan `oqros sawmisisaTvis~ momdgar stumrebsac davxvdebiT.
`es Jurnali rom ar gamogecaT, ra moxdebodao, rom mkiTxoT,
getyviT, rom SevrcxvebodiT!~ _ wers fahreTin CiloRlu, Jurnalis
redaqtori; saredaqcio kolegiis wevrebi arian: erdal quCuqki,
mustafa iaquTi, hasan Celiqi, irine giviaSvili, qevser iugun ruhi,
lela dadiani, liana axobaZe, hajer ozqani, lela msxlaZe
(gaCeCilaZe), varlam nikolaZe, iveri msxalaZe; gamomcemeli gaxlavT
Senol Tabani. `firosmanis~ avtorebi Cveneburebi arian iqiTa da aqeTa
saqarTvelodan. ai, ras wers Cveneburi mwerali qali, qeTevan xanTaZe
(qevser ruhi): `Cven droSi mogzaur, sakuTar miwa-wyals mowyvetil,
tanjviTa da vaebiT Sor gzaze maval im ltolvilTa, sxvanairad rom
vTqvaT, im muhajirTa STamomavalni varT, romelTac es qveyana
samSoblod eqcaT. winaparTagan gadmocemebiRa SemogvrCa. TiTqos,
ambebis mTxrobelebma es gadmocemebi kalTaSi Cagviyares, TviTon ki
drois dinebas gahyvnen, gauCinardnen. naRveliT gajerebuli,
TaobebisaTvis gadacemuli mogzaurobaTa istoriebi Soreulma
warsulma STanTqa. Tumca, TurqeTSi mcxovreb qarTvelebs arasodes
gangvicdia uaryofiTi emocia, romelic `umciresobis~ gancdas
ukavSirdeba, magram sulis siRrmeSi yovelTvis gvaxsovs, rom `sxvani~
varT. da es SegrZneba im moSuSebul iaras emsgavseba, romlis
nawiburebic bolomde ver Sexorcda da drodadro iCens xolme Tavs.
ena, romelzedac ojaxSi vsaubrobT, gansxvavebulia. zog tradiciul
Cvevasac vagrZelebT... da mainc, am miwis ena, Turquli ena, Cveni
grZnobebis gamoxatvis ukidegano SesaZleblobaTa wyaros warmoadgens.
ltolvilobisagan dafleTil Cvens sulebs Turquli ena makurnebel
malamod moelamuna, Wrilobebi mogviSuSa... Cven, tkivilgamovlil
adamianebs, werisaTvis sakmarisi mizezi gvaqvs... es satkivari
anatolielebTan erTad gadavlaxeT...
126
mwerloba jadosnuri gasaRebiviTaa. mas literaturis zRapruli
samyaros yvela karis gaReba SeuZlia, moTxrobebisa da leqsebisaken
mimavali karisac ki... am karTagan TiToeuls mSvenierebis gzaze
mivyavarT da saocrebaTa qveynis silamazesTan gvaziarebs. firosmanic
xom erT-erTi karia...~
`firosmanis~ Tematika mravalferovani da sainteresoa, redaqcia
exmianeba saqarTveloSi da TurqeTSi mimdinare kulturul procesebs.
am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa lela margianis publikacia, romelic
exeba festival `Cveneburebis~ TurqeTis `CveneburebTan~ stumrobas.
saerTaSoriso festivali `Cveneburebi~ meoTxed Catarda, amjerad
festivali gascda saqarTvelos sazRvrebs da Tavisi qarTveli
monawileebiT Tavad ewvia TurqeTis `Cveneburebs~. meoTxe festivalis
maspinZeli iyo TurqeTis bursis mxaris qalaq inegolis `kavkasiuri
folklorisa da kulturis sazogadoeba~, romelic inegolSi 1977
wlidan arsebobs. gairkva, rom aseT RonisZiebas inegolis sazogadoeba
ukve eqvsi welia atarebs da ai, meSvide Sexvedra imiT aRmoCnda
mniSvnelovani, rom misi monawile gaxldaT asociacia `qarTuli
kultura saqarTveloSi da mis farglebs gareT~, agreTve,
saerTaSoriso festivali `Cveneburebi~. RonisZiebaSi saqarTvelodan
oTxi SemoqmedebiTi koleqtivi monawileobda: folkloruli ansambli
`Savnabada~ (xelmZRvaneli daTo cincaZe), Tbilisis operisa da
baletis bavSvTa cekvis ansambli (xelmZRvaneli Tamaz gogotiSvili),
Tbilisis ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo universitetis
cekvis ansambli (xelmZRvaneli Tamaz yuraSvili) da bavSvTa
qoreografiuli ansambli `Tarikoni~ (xelmZRvanelebi: rati tvildiani
da maka maqacaria), maT inegolSi SeuerTdnen moskovis qarTuli
saTvistomos cekvis ansambli `iberioni~ (xelmZRvaneli qeTi
CalaTaSvili), ansambli aSS-dan `mavi dansi~ da maspinZeli qalaqis
SemoqmedebiTi koleqtivi (xelmZRvaneli leqso melua).
127
aseve sainteresoa, saredaqcio werili niko firosmanis gamofenis
Sesaxeb, romelic peras muzeumSi, TurqeTis respublikaSi gaimarTa. es
RonisZieba miT ufro sainteresoa, rom Jurnali didi Semoqmedis
mosaxelea.
`firosmanis saxeliT cnobili niko firosmanaSvili msoflioSi
aRiarebuli mxatvaria. firosmanis naxatebi ganumeorebeli
individualuri TvisebebiT gamoirCeva, mis xalovnebas `naivuri~
mxatvrobis mimdinareobas ukavSireben. niko firosmani saqarTvelos
qarTveli xalxis da kulturis simbolod gvevlineba da saqarTvelos
erTgvari samarko niSania. stambolSi gamomavali Cveni Jurnalis
saxelwodebaa `firosmani~. ase gavacaniT igi TurqeTs Tavidan.
Semdeg mxatvari mobrZanda Tavisi didebuli SemoqmedebiT.
stambolis peras muzeumSi 2007 wlis 1 agvistos gaixsna gamofena
`naivuri xelovnebis mwvervali: firosmani.~ gamofenaze warmodgenili
iyo saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis eqsponatebi _ niko firosmanis 35
namuSevari. gamofena farTod gaSuqda TurqeTis masmediaSi. `pikasos
sayvareli mxatvari~ _ ase moixsenebdnen firosmanisadmi miZRvnil
werilebSi qarTvel mxatvars. peras muzeumSi, firosmanis gamofenis
mopirdapire mxares, meore darbazSi pikasos naxati gamoifina. inan
kiraCis naTqvams Tu davesesxebiT, `msoflios yvelaze saocari
Semoqmedi da saqarTvelos legendaruli mxatvari~ firosmani da
pikaso stambolSi Sexvdnen erTmaneTs.
firosmanis momajadoebelma, msoflio mniSvnelobis xelovnebam
TiTqos Cven Jurnalsac gauxsna gza. pirveli nomris gamosvlisTanave
TbilisSi 27 maiss gamarTul saerTaSoriso konferenciaze `saqarTve-
lo da diaspora~ Jurnal `firosmanis~ prezentacia Sedga. 15 ivniss
ukve stambolSi movawyveT Jurnal `firosmanis~ wardgenis saRamo.
Jurnali `firosmani~ pirvelive dRidan masmediis yuradRebis centrSi
moeqca. am garemoebas mniSvnelovanwilad niko firosmanis saxels, mis
popularobas vumadliT. TbilisSi saerTaSoriso konferenciaze
128
msoflios ormoci qveynidan Camosulma qarTuli diasporis warmoma-
dgenlebma Jurnal `firosmans~ pirveli aRiareba moutanes. yovelive am
sasiamovno movlenis kvaldakval, albaT, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom
Rirseulad vatarebT firosmanis saxels~ (fahreTin CiloRlu).
Jurnali mkiTxvels acnobs saqarTveloSi gavrcelebul
legendebsa Tu miTebs: `mTvarisa da xaris kulti qarTul
miTologiaSi~, `mindias tragedia~; acnobs tradiciebs _ `berikaoba
saqarTveloSi~, `qsovis `filosofia~ zemo aWaraSi~, `kolxuri TeTri~,
`naosnoba liganis xeobaSi~, Zveli xidebis istorias `Zveli xidebi
saqarTveloSi~, `giorgi gurielis saflavi trapizonSi~, `qarTveli
qalis erovnuli samoseli~ da sxv. sainteresoa gacnobiTi xasiaTis
masalebi saqarTvelos dedaqalaqebis (Tbilisi, mcxeTa), aseve,
istoriuli Zeglebis (varZia) Sesaxeb. calkeuli werilebi eZRvneba
niko firosmanis calkeul tiloebs.
gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa problemuri Temebisadmi miZRvnili
publikaciebi: `kavkasiis rukebi, rogorc politikuri brZolebis
iaraRebi~, `qarTvelebis migracia~, `qarTuli eklesia-monastrebis
Sesaxeb megzurTa seminari~, JurnalSi ibeWdeba kvlevebi: `osebi
saqarTveloSi da ganmeorebuli istoria~. `iarmarka~ _ rusifikacia
qarTul erovnul ekonomikaSi~, `ruseTis mier afxazeTis dapyroba da
afxazTa muhajiroba~. JurnalSi adgili eTmoba istoriis furclebs,
romlebic saqarTvelo-TurqeTis urTierTobebs asaxavs, mag.,
`Cveneburebis~ Sesaxeb: 1877-78 wlebis gadasaxlebebi da qarTveli
muhajirebi TurqeTSi~. redaqtoris sveti _ `eTnikuri wmenda _
danaSauli kacobriobis winaSe~, sadac dagmobilia saqarTvelos
mimarT ruseTis politika. aRsaniSnavia, rom Jurnal `firosmanis~ me-6
(2008) nomeri ruseT-saqarTvelos oms eZRvneba.
JurnalSi daibeWda werilebi qarTuli warmoSobis TurqeTis
moqalaqeebis Sesaxeb: `ruSTu bozkurti _ gamorCeuli qarTveli~.
aseve, gamoqveynda Tina SioSvilis publikacia `ruseT-TurqeTis
129
omebisa da aWarelTa muhajirobis amsaxveli folklori~. aRsaniSnavia,
rom publikaciaSi gaSuqebulia zepirsityvierebaSi SemorCenili
samSobloSi darCenilTa da TurqeTis sxvadasxva regionSi mcxovreb
qarTvel muhajirTa Semoqmedeba.
lia ClaiZe kvlevaSi `muhajiruli da usamSobloobis poezia~
gvTavazobs XIX s. II naxevarSi CrdiloeTkavkasiasa da folklorSi
asaxul saqarTveloSi datrialebuli muhajirobis istorias.
daTo turaSvilis werilebia: `merve saocreba~ kapadokiis Sesaxeb,
`jinsebis qarTuli istoria~, `qarTuli stamboli~ da sxv.
gamocema qarTveli Turqologebis mier momzadebul wignebs
gvacnobs. am ukanasknel publikaciaze gvinda SevaCeroT Tqveni
yuradReba, publikaciaSi moTxrobilia Turqi mecnierebis qarTuli
kulturuli ZeglebiT dainteresebis Sesaxeb. xelovnebis istorikosma
uRur aildizma sazogadoebas warudgina monografia `Savi zRvis
sanapiro Siledan baTumamde~, romelic TurqeTSi ganlagebuli
qarTuli eklesia-monastrebis sakiTxebsac moicavda. werilis avtoris
_ guram ximSiaSvilis _ TqmiT, am naSromiT saintereso informacia
miiRo mogzaurobiT dainteresebulma sazogadoebam Zeglebis zusti
adgilmdebareobis, misasvleli gzebisa da am gzebis mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb. TurqeTSi stambolis megzurTa sazogadoebis wyalobiT
icnoben aseve kulturisa da turizmis saministros warmomadgenlis,
xelovnebis istorikosis fahrie bairamis monografiasac _ `arTvinSi
mdebare qarTuli xuroTmoZRvrebis Zeglebi~. qarTuli Zeglebis
SeswavlisaTvis avtorma didi samuSaoebi gaswia sxva Turq kolegebTan
erTad: mine qadiroRlu, Turgai iazari, jafer qaraja da sxv.
espediciebi 1995, 1996 wlebSi Catarda. mecnierebma Seiswavles da
dawvrilebiT aRweres arTvinis, artanujis, erzrumis, oluris, olTus,
TorTumis teritoriebze mdebare Zeglebi. es kvlevebi, ra Tqma unda,
Cveni, rigiTi adamianebisTvis da qarTveli mecnierebisTvisac
saintereso da dasafasebelia.
130
bunebrivia, Jurnals hyavs Cveneburi mkiTxvelic, romlisTvisac
qarTuli andazebi Zalian sainteresoa. `unies qarTvelebis andazebis~
rubrikiT xalxSi SemorCenili zepirsityviereba cocxldeba.
JurnalSi ibeWdeba Cveneburi avtorebis werilebic: `maWaxelis
meore mxare~ (iunus isini), `gadaRma mxare~ (qeTevan xanTaZe), `arTvinis
mosaxleobis salaparako ena~ (Taner arTvinli), `sofeli madeni
(bazgireTi)~ (daviT miqelaZe), `rogor viswavle qarTuli~ (aidin aqini)
da sxv. JurnalSi TurqeTis qarTuli samzareulos kerZebis recepte-
bic aris SemoTavazebuli. axali wignebis rubrikiT ibeWdeba recen-
ziebi axladgamocemul Turqulenovan da qarTulenovan gamocemebze.
ai, rogor ixsenebs fahreTin CiloRlu sakuTari moRvaweobis
dasawyiss: `stambolSi, universitetSi swavlisas erTi megobari myavda,
masTan erTad zRvaze wavedi. iq gavicani mwerali _ rifaT ilgazi,
isec vicnobdiT mas, radgan cnobili iyo, piradad gavicaniT da man
mkiTxa: _ sadauri xar? _ uniedan _ vupasuxe. _ maSin Sen iqnebi
qarTveli, _ miTxra man. _ diax, qarTveli var. _ Jurnal `Cveneburis~
Sesaxeb Tu ici? _ mkiTxa. _ ara _ vupasuxe. _ ranairi qarTveli xar
Tu `Cveneburis~ Sesaxeb araferi icio... es adamiani icnobda ahmed
ozqan (melaSvils) da gaixsena is. cixeSi erTad isxdnen. mwvane perangs
ar iSorebda da amitom mas `ieSil ahmeds~ veZaxdiTo, mis mier
gamocemuli Jurnalia `Cveneburi~, _ miTxra cnobilma mweralma. ase
gavicani es didi mniSvnelobis gamocema, pirvelad qarTuli anbani iq
vnaxe, gagonilic ki ar mqonda qarTul damwerlobaze, maSin 1980 weli
da Cems cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovani dReebi iyo~.
mwerlis moRvaweobis qveteqstebSi naTlad ikiTxeba nostalgiuri
grZnoba. fahreTin CiloRlus moRvaweobac TurqeTSi Turqi
kolegebisagan gansxvavebulia da es, ra Tqma unda, nakarnaxevia
mxolod warmomavlobiT _ qarTvelobiT, romelic, saerTod,
sazRvargareT mcxovreb qarTvelebSi xSirad cxovrebis ganmsazRvrel
faqtoradac ki gvevlineba. ucxo garemoSi aRmoCenili adamiani
131
sakuTari identobis dacvas sakuTar cxovrebas Sealevs, cdilobs
sakuTari wvlili Seitanos sakuTari eTnosis dominanti eTnosisaTvis
wardgenis saqmeSi. am SemTxvevaSi fahreTin CiloRlus moRvaweoba
TurqeTSi, marTlac, dasafasebeli da samagaliToa.
qarTveli sazogadoebisaTvis fahreTin CiloRlu dRemde naklebad
cnobili iyo.
Jurnalis gamocema 2010 wels finansuri problemebis gamo Sewyda.
Jurnali `mamuli~
Jurnal `Cveneburis~ paralelurad 1997-1998 wlebSi TurqeTSi
Jurnali `mamuli~ gamoicemoda. Jurnali Turqulenovani gaxldaT.
gamocemis redaqtori fahreTin CiloRlu iyo. `mamulis~ sul xuTi
nomeri daibeWda. gamocema kulturis sferoSi mimdinare movlenebs
exmianeboda, beWdavda publikaciebs qarTveli sazogado moRvaweebis
Sesaxeb, mkiTxvels acnobda qarTuli literaturis Tanamedrove
moRvaweebs. iTargmneboda qarTveli avtorebis nawarmoebebi. Jurnalis
gverdebi eTmoboda eTnologiisa da folkloris sakiTxebs,
miTologias. gamocema cdilobda daxmareboda qarTuli enis Seswavlis
msurvelebs, adgili eTmoboda mcire Turqul-qarTul leqsikons.
`mamulSi~ aqtualuri iyo `muhajirebis~ Tema, aseve, im droisTvis
aqtualuri problemebis Sesaxeb. `mamulis~ mkiTxvels SeuZlia gaecnos
sxvadasxva gazeTidan amokrefil informacias (`mamuli~ 1997-1998).
132
nawili III
fereidani
istoriuli eqskursi
dRevandeli saqarTvelos farglebs gareT mcxovreb qarTvelTa
erT-erTi didi jgufi daaxloebiT oTxi saukunea, rac iranis
islamuri respublikis teritoriaze, ispahanis osTanSi, fereidanSi
(fereidun-Sahri) binadrobs.
qarTvelTa masobrivi iZulebiTi gadasaxleba iranSi sefianTa
dinastiis zeobis dros daiwyo. Sah-Tamaz I oTxjer daesxa Tavs
saqarTvelos (1541-1554) da sparseli istorikosis, hasan rumlus,
cnobiT, marto erTi laSqrobisas ocdaaTi aTasi qarTveli tyved
waiyvana iranSi. Sah-abas I-is dros (1587-1629) iranelTa mier
ganxorcielebuli laSqrobebis Sedegad gacilebiT bevr qarTvels
mouwia iranSi iZulebiT gadasaxleba. iskander munSi aRwers, rom 1616
wels Sahma mxolod kaxeTidan asocdaaTi aTasi adamiani ahyara, xolo
Semdeg, qarTlidanac didZali tyve gauyena iranis gzas. datyvevebuli
qarTvelebi iranis sxvadasxva raionSi: xorasanSi, kaspiiszRvispireTSi,
iranis centralur da dasavleT raionebSi Caasaxles.
qarTvelTa masobrivi gadasaxlebiT Sah-abasi ramdenime ZiriTad
mizans isaxavda:
1. yovelmxriv asustebda daumorCilebel qarTl-kaxeTs;
2. axali qarTuli dasaxlebebiT icavda sakuTar, strategiulad
mniSvnelovan regionebs, maT Soris, ispahans, momTabare tomebis,
baxtiarebis, lurebis, qurTebis gamudmebuli Tavdasxmebisagan;
3. qarTvelTa meSveobiT iranSi nergavda intensiur meurneobas;
4. mamaci qarTveli meomrebiT aZlierebda sakuTar laSqars.
qarTul da iranul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT fiqroben, rom mxolod
sefianTa zeobisas saqarTvelodan iranSi 200 aTasze meti qarTveli
gadaasaxles, mogvianebiT, yajarebis dros kidev _ 50 aTasamde.
133
sadReisod mSobliur enaze molaparake qarTvelebi iranSi
mxolod fereidanSi (ispahanis dasavleTiT 180 km.) darCnen.
XIX s. monacemebiT, qarTvelebis dasaxlebaSi 14 sofelia: SaanaTi,
Toleri, boini, taSkesana, afusi, axCa, Saiurdi, jaRjaRi, sibaqi,
CuRruTi, zemo martyofi, qvemo martyofi, deesuri da ninowminda.
iranis sxva regionebSi qarTvelTa binadrobis Sesaxeb Taname-
drove iranis toponimika miuTiTebs. mag: `gorji-sara~ (qarTvelTa
sasaxle), `gorji-mahale~ (qarTvelTa ubani), `gorji-yala~ (qarTvelTa
cixe) mazandaranSi, `gorji~ da `gorjani~ xorasanSi, `deh-gorji~
(qarTuli sofeli) iranis azerbaijanSi, `gorjai~ qurTistanSi da a.S.
sadReisod fereidanSi kompaqturad mosaxle qarTvelTa
raodenoba, sxvadasxva wyaros mixedviT, 30-35 aTasis farglebSi unda
iyos. `irna~ (iranis islamuri respublikis sainformacio saagento)
wers (09. 07. 2004), rom `qarTuli warmoSobis daaxloebiT 20 aTasi
adamiani 400 welze meti xnis win gadmosaxlda am regionSi, ispahanis
samxreT-dasavleTiT 180 km.-ze.
zogierTi statistikuri gaangariSebiT, amJamad ispahanis
provinciaSi cxovrobs daaxloebiT 60 aTasi qarTveli. migraciuli
procesebis gamo, XX s. meore naxevarSi fereidnel qarTvelTa nawili
did qalaqebSi TeiranSi, ispahanSi aRmoCnda, ris gamoc maTi zusti
raodenobis dadgena Znelia. zogierTi eqsperti varaudobs, rom
fereidnelTa ricxvi iranSi 60 aTass aRwevs.
pirvel xanebSi qarTvelebi inarCunebdnen rjuls da zne-Cveuleb-
ebs, magram Semdeg maT iZulebiT Seucvales sarwmunoeba, ramac garkve-
ulad maTi eTnografiuli yofac Secvala. dRes fereidneli qarTvel-
ebi islamuri iranis Siituri Temis nawils Seadgenen da gamoirCevian
religiuri wesebis zedmiwevniTi aRsrulebiT. garda iZulebiT gadasa-
xlebulebisa, iranis karze moRvaweobdnen saqarTvelodan sxvadasxva
dros sxvadasxva mizeziT gadaxvewili warCinebuli qarTvelebic.
134
iranSi dasaxlebulma qarTvelebma maSinve daikaves Rirseuli
adgili sefianTa karze. qarTuli warmoSobis araerTma politikurma
Tu samxedro moRvawem mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula iranis
istoriaSi, mis sazogadoebriv-kulturul cxovrebaSi (alaverdi-xan da
imamyuli-xan undilaZeebi da sxv.)
miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTveloSi icodnen fereidneli
qarTvelebis Sesaxeb, maTTan urTierToba ar hqoniaT. 1871 wels
TbilisSi pirveli fereidnelis, ioTam onikaSvilis, Camosvlas mohyva
ormxrivi urTierTobebi. XIX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi
Camovidnen sxva fereidnelebic: reza xuciSvili, hosein onikaSvili;
1922 wels _ seifola ioseliani. Tavis mxriv qarTvelebic iCendnen
interess, fereidanSi sxvadasxva dros imyofebodnen: lado aRniaSvili,
ioseb WeiSvili, pavle lorTqifaniZe, ambako WeliZe da sxv.
fereidnel qarTvelTa mier ucxoenovan garemoSi 400 wlis
manZilze mSobliuri enis SenarCunebas msoflioSi, albaT, analogi ar
moeZebneba. fereidnulma kilom mravali Zveli sityva da gamoTqma
SeinarCuna, romelic dRevandel qarTul enaSi aRar moiZebneba.
fereidnelTa metyvelebis mecnieruli Seswavla XX s. 20-ian
wlebSi daiwyo (a. Ciqobava, v. Tofuria). amJamad SesaZlebelia farTo
lingvisturi kvlevebis warmoebac (T. uTurgaiZe, d. CxubianaSvili).
mimdinareobs fereidnel qarTvelTa eTnografiis Seswavlac (o.
miminoSvili, n. barTaia, m. rostomaSvili).
1970-iani wlebis dasawyisSi fereidnelTa ramdenime aTeuli ojaxi
saqarTveloSi, istoriul samSobloSi dabrunda, Tumca, gasuli
saukunis bolo aTwleulSi, saqarTveloSi Seqmnili mZime socialuri
viTarebis gamo zogierTi maTgani iranSi dabrunda.
fereidnuli TematikiT dainteresebuli mkiTxvelisaTvis
samecniero da popularuli literatura arsebobs qarTul (b. javaxia,
g. WipaSvili, z. SaraSeniZe, j. giunaSvili, m. Todua) da sparsul
enebze, romelTa Soris unda gamoiyos ukanasknel wlebSi fereidneli
135
qarTvelebis mier dawerili da iranSi gamocemuli mniSvnelovani
naSromebi _ `iraneli qarTvelebi~ (maleq mohamad rahimi) da `qarT-
velTa adgili iranis istoriasa, kulturasa da civilizaciaSi~ (said
muliani), romelTa qarTulad Targmna sasikeTod waadgeboda qarTul-
iranul urTierTobebs. (www.diaspora.gov.ge) (sonRulaSvili 2005).
2008 wels diasporis sakiTxebSi saxelmwifo ministris aparatma
gamosca said mulianis mier Sedgenili `dedaena~ sparsulenovanTaTvis.
* * *
iranis islamuri respublika 1993 wels erT-erTi pirveli qveyana
iyo, romelmac oficialurad cno saqarTvelos damoukidebloba da
masTan politikur-kulturuli urTierTobebi wamoiwyo. TbilisSi
iranis islamuri respublikis saelCo, xolo 1994 wels TeiranSi
saqarTvelos saelCo gaixsna. bolo aTwleulis manZilze or qveyanas
Soris politikur-ekonomikurma da kulturulma urTierTobebma
aRmavloba ganicada, Tumca, vfiqrobT, yvela sferoSi TanamSromlobis
ormxrivad arsebuli potenciali jer mTlianad ar gamoyenebula.
2001 wels islamuri respublikis prezidentis, xaTamis miwveviT,
irans saqarTvelos sapatriarqos delegacia estumra. rogorc Cans, ci-
vilizaciaTa dialogis warmarTvaSi, msoflioSi mSvidobis damyarebis
saqmeSi religiur liderebs mniSvnelovan rols akisreben. islamuri
revoluciis Semdeg irani saerTaSoriso izolaciaSi moeqca, aRniSnu-
li viTarebidan Tavis daRwevis mizniT saqarTvelo SemTxveviT ar yo-
fila SerCeuli kontaqtebis dasamyareblad. Cveni qveyana kavkasiis
xalxebs Soris wamyvani poziciis gamo yuradRebis centrSia moqceuli.
`vardebis revoluciis~ Semdeg iranma kidev erTxel dauWira mxari sa-
qarTvelos damoukideblobas, teritoriul mTlianobas da yvela sfe-
roSi urTierTobis gaRrmavebis survili kidev erTxel gamoxata. saqa-
rTvelos sagareo politikuri veqtori bolo periodSi gaaqtiurda.
iranTan dawesebuli uvizo reJimi 2011 wlidan amoqmedda. dainiSna
Tbilissa da Teirans Soris pirdapiri aviareisebi.
136
informacia fereidneli qarTvelebis aqtualuri problemebisa da
iniciativebis Sesaxeb
gTavazobT diasporis sakiTxebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo
ministris aparatSi (2009-2010 wlebSi aRniSnul sakiTxze Cemi
muSaobisas) gamokveTili fereidneli qarTvelebis aqtualuri
problemebisa da iniciativebis Sesaxeb informacias:
iranis islamur respublikaSi, fereidanSi da saqarTveloSi
qarTuli kulturis centris gaxsna;
qarTuli sakvirao (sazafxulo) skolebis funqcionireba;
fereidanis sajaro skolaSi qarTuli enis gakveTilis damatebiT
sagnad Setana.
fereidneli qarTvelebis gamocemebi:
• nugzar laCinanis `qarTul-sparsuli leqsikonis~
ganaxlebuli gamocema;
• said mulianis `qarTvelTa adgili iranis istoriasa,
kulturasa da civilizaciaSi~ qarTulad Targmna da gamocema;
• said mulianis mier sparsulad Targmnili ambako WeliZis
wignis _ `mogzauroba fereidanSi~ gamocema;
fereidnelTa ojaxebSi Semonaxuli Zveli fotoebis, sigelebis,
xelnawerebis Segroveba;
qarTuli folkloruli Canawerebis, qarTuli xalxuri sakravebis,
sasaubro videomasalebis, qarTuli kulinariis wignebis saWiroeba;
axlad repatrirebuli fereidneli qarTvelebis saqarTveloSi
dasaqmebis problema;
kvleva mazandaranis qarTvelebis Sesaxeb -`gurji mahale~ (filmi);
Tsu-is iranistikis fakultetis studentebisTvis fereidanSi
arsebul oTx universitetSi staJirebis sakiTxi;
ispahanis universitetSi qarTuli enisa da literaturis
fakultetis (kaTedris) Camoyalibebis iniciativa;
137
saqarTveloSi iraneli biznesmenebis investiciebis Semotanis
sakiTxi _ iranSi iranel biznesmenebTan oficialuri Sexvedris
organizeba;
iranSi arsebuli (q. Tavrizi) satraqtoro qarxnis filialis
saqarTveloSi gaxsna;
iranSi arsebuli (q. ispahani) qvis qarxnis filialis saqarTveloSi
gaxsna;
fereidun-Sahri _ Tbilisi samarSruto xazis gaxsna; saqarTvelos
sapatriarqos iniciativa.
saqarTveloSi arsebul ansambl `fereidanis~ saWiroeba. ansamblis
wevrTa tradiciuli samosiTa da sakravebiT aRWurva; samxatvro
xelmZRvanelis, lotbarisa da sakravebis specialistis mimagreba;
ansamblis wevrTaTvis yovelTviuri simboluri anazRaurebis (100 an 50
laris odenobiT) gacema; misi sxvadasxva festivalSi miwveva da
popularizacia...
qarTuli enisa da literaturis specialistis fereidnelTa sando
ojaxebSi stumroba;
fereidanSi qarTuli enis swavlebiT dainteresebuli
fereidnelebis treningebze mowveva;
lotbarisa da qoreografis fereidnelTa sando ojaxebSi stum-
roba; ansamblis wevrTa tradiciuli samosiTa da sakravebiT aRWurva;
138
fereidneli qarTvelebis mediaaqtiuroba
istoria savsea gauTvaliswinebeli eTnikuri rRvevis magaliTebiT.
iranis islamur respublikaSi oTx saukuneze meti xania cxovroben
qarTvelebi, fereidneli qarTvelebi, romlebic Tavis mxriv e. w.
`eTnografiul Zeglebadac~ SeiZleba movixsenioT. Eesaa sazogadoeba,
romelsac aerTianebs samSoblos xsovna, istoriuli maxsovroba im
periodisa, rodesac isini sakuTari saxelmwifos aRmSeneblobaSi
monawileobdnen, qmnidnen saerTo erovnul kulturas.
identifikaciis TvalsazrisiT, fereidneli qarTvelebis media
aqtiurobas didi mniSvneloba eniWeba. qveynis _ iranis islamuri
respublikis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT, amgvar iniciativebs qarTuli
saxelmwifos mxridan mxardaWera sWirdeba. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom
socialuri ganviTarebis done, zogadad, istoriul diasporaSi,
ZiriTadad, dabalia da Cveni Tanamemamuleebi globalizaciis
miRwevebs (informaciuli teqnologiebis ganviTareba) fexs ver
uwyoben, an xSir SemTxvevaSi, eleqtronuli saSualebebi dablokilia
(iranis islamuri respublika), sasurvelia, muslimur garemocvaSi
myofi qarTvelebis eTnikuri identifikacia kulturis, ganaTlebisa da
sazogadoebriv sferoebSi mainc moxdes.
iranis islamur respublikaSi eTnikuri umciresobebisaTvis rea-
loba amgvaria: 70,5-milionian iranis islamur respublikaSi sparsel-
ebi umciresobaSi arian. iranis islamur respublikaSi erovnul
umciresobebs ar cnoben, Tumca aRiareben religiur umciresobebs:
cecxlTayvanismcemlebs, iudevelebsa da qristianebs. religiuri
umciresobebi sargebloben kulturuli avtonomiiT (sabavSvo baRi,
skola, eklesia, Jurnal-gazeTebi, kvotebi parlamentSi). am kanonis
Sesabamisad, qveyanaSi TiTqmis ocmilionian Siitur azerbaijanul Tems
ar aqvs kulturuli avtonomia, maSin, roca 50-80- aTasian romelime
religiur umciresobas kulturuli avtonomiis yvela atributi
139
gaaCnia. iranis islamuri respublikis xelmZRvaneloba ar miiCnevs, rom
es aris diskriminacia an vinmes interesebis ugulebelyofa.
iranis oficialuri instanciebi mwvaved reagireben eTnikur-
erovnuli xasiaTis iniciativebsa da wamowyebebze, Tumca folklorul
TviTSemoqmedebas xels uwyoben.
jemSid giunaSvili, romelic 1994-2004 ww. iranis islamur respub-
likaSi saqarTvelos sruluflebiani da sagangebo elCi iyo, werilSi
`fereidnel qarTvelebTan kulturuli kavSiris gaRrmavebisaTvis~
(gaz. `megobrobis macne~, 2005, #4) wers: `iranis islamuri respublikis
moqalaqeebSi sityvebi: `qarTuli~ (gorji) da `saqarTvelo~
(gorjesTan) qvecnobierad dadebiT emociebs iwveven. iranelis
wamodgenaSi saqarTvelo da qarTvelebi maTi samSoblos istoriis
ganuyofeli nawilia, bevr iranels gulwrfelad hgonia, rom
qarTvelebi mxolod sparsulad saubroben da iZulebiT kirilicas
iyeneben. farTodaa gavrcelebuli azri imis Sesaxeb, rom mecxramete
saukuneSi rusebma saqarTvelo irans waarTves.~
iranis islamur respublikaSi saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis
`qarTuli problema~ ar arsebobs. fereidneli qarTvelebi muslimuri
Temis srulfasovani wevrebi arian da, miuxedavad maTi emociurad
gamoxatuli proqarTuli damokidebulebisa, qveynis teritoriuli
mTlianobisa da sazRvrebis xelSeuxeblobis sakiTxs isini safrTxes
ar uqmnian.
naSromis am TavSi SevecdebiT realobis gaTvaliswinebiT
vimsjeloT, Tu rogoria iranSi mcxovrebi Cveni Tanamemamuleebis
mediaaqtiuroba.
zogadi statistikuri monacemebiT, qveyanaSi beWdviTi presis
organoTa saerTo raodenoba 2 871-s utoldeba, romelTa ricxvSic
Sedis Semdegi ucxoenovani gamocemebi: inglisurenovani gazeTi _ 4,
arabulenovani _ 2, somxurenovani _ 1.
140
fereidneli qarTvelebis mediaaqtiuroba araTanmimdevrulia,
Tumca periodulad mainc gamodioda sainformacio biuletenebi,
nebadarTulia wignebis dabeWdvac. gamocemebi ZiriTadad sparsul
enaze mzaddeba an orenovania. arsebobs iranis islamuri respublikis
teleradiomauwyeblobis qarTulenovani radiomauwyebloba. aseve
ganvixileT is mediasaSualebebic, romlebic saqarTveloSi arsebobs
da fereidnuli Tematikis gaSuqebiT aris dainteresebuli. samwuxarod,
samSobloSi repatrirebuli fereidneli qarTvelebis am mimarTulebiT
aqtiuroba ar SeiniSneba. vfiqrobT, aRniSnuli sakiTxi repatrirebuli
qarTvelebis sakuTar samSobloSi xelaxla adaptaciis sirTuleebs
ukavSirdeba.
yovelive zemoTqmulis miuxedavad, aRsaniSnavia, rom 2005-2006
wlebSi fereidanSi gamoica sparsul-qarTulenovani beWdviTi organo
_ `iranis qarTvelebis pirveli sazogadoebriv-kulturuli Jurnali~;
Jurnalis mxolod erTi nomeri daibeWda, meore nomeri gamosacemad
momzadda, Tumca, ar dabeWdila. JurnalSi gamoqveynda publikaciebi
fereidnelTa cxovrebis, tradiciebis, Semoqmedebis, folkloris
Sesaxeb. gamocemis organizatori adgilobrivi qarTveli, istorikosi,
said muliani iyo.
qarTuli radio iranis islamur respublikaSi 1998 wlidan
mauwyeblobs. qarTuli radios yoveldRiuri programebi gadmoicema
CrdiloeT iranis qalaq raSTidan (gilanis mxare)‚ saSualo siSoris
702 kiloherc sixSiris talRaze (Tbilisis droiT 21:00 _ 22:00
saaTamde saSualo talRa MW 702) http://worldservice.irib.ir/ aRniSnul veb-
gverdze iranis radios msoflios sxvadasxva enaze mauwyeblobis
gverdiT, qarTuli radiomauwyeblobis CanarTic arsebobs _
http://georgian.irib.ir/. Tavdapirvelad programis xangrZlivoba 30 wuTi iyo,
2001 wlidan ki _ saaTamde gaizarda. qarTuli radios umTavresi
mizania obieqturi informacia miawodos qarTvel msmenels iranis
Sesaxeb da xeli Seuwyos ori qveynis urTierTobebis gaRrmavebas.
141
iranis islamuri respublikis qarTul radios aqvs Semdegi
gadacemebi:
amerika da erayi _ kidev erTi krizisi;− gadacema eTerSi gadis
yovel orSabaTs da masSi ganixileba eraySi mimdinare procesebi,
amerikis Tavdasxmis Semdeg.
muhamedi _ ukanaskneli mociquli; eTerSi gadis samSabaTobiT. is
exeba islamis mociqulis cxovrebas da samociqulo moRvaweobas.
garedan danaxuli amerika _ eTerSi gadis yovel oTxSabaTs da
masSi ganixileba amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi momxdari kviris
mniSvnelovani movlenebi.
gza sinaTlisken _ eTerSi gadis yovel xuTSabaTs. masSi
ganixileba muslimTa zeciuri wignis, `yuranis~ swavlebebi da
islamuri gadmocemebi.
dasavleTis religiuri ideologia _ eTerSia yovel paraskevs da
masSi ganixileba sxvadasxva religiebis mdgomareoba dasavleTis
qveynebSi.
irani da islamuri kultura _ am gadacemis mosmena SesaZlebelia
yovel SabaTs. masSi ganixileba iranelTa roli islamuri kulturisa
da civilizaciis gavrcelebaSi.
iranis revoluciuri poezia _ am gadacemis mosmena SesaZlebelia
yovel kvira dRes. masSi gaecnobiT Tanamedrove da revolucioner
poetebs da maT Semoqmedebas.
am gadacemebis garda, iranis qarTuli radios saSualebiT
auditorias miewodeba axali ambebi, dRis istoriuli ambebis qronika
da aqtualur Temaze Seqmnili analitikuri xasiaTis gadacemebi.
iranSi qarTul radiomauwyeblobas xelmZRvanelobs fereidneli
qarTveli, daviT gugunaSvili.
aRsaniSnavia aseve veb-gverdi _ www.fereidani.ge, romelic giorgi
alaverdaSvilma 2005 wels moamzada. aq Tavmoyrilia sxvadasxva dros
qarTuli masmediis mier gaSuqebuli fereidneli qarTvelebis Sesaxeb
142
181 publikacia. aRniSnuli veb-gverdi, samwuxarod, ar iZleva
interaqciis saSualebas. www.fereidani.ge aerTianebs masalebs
fereidneli qarTvelebis istoriis, Tanamedrove cxovrebis Sesaxeb,
aseve, SexvdebiT folklorisa da enobriv sakiTxebze beWdviT mediaSi
gamoqveynebul publikaciebs. gverdis dizaini naklebad momxibvlelad
gamoiyureba, arc masalaTa saZiebo sistemaa Tanamedrove formatiT
mowodebuli, vfiqrobT, aRniSnulis mizezi enTuziazmSia, romlis
xarjzec arsebobs veb-gverdi.
2004-2008 ww. saqarTveloSi ibeWdeboda gazeTi `megobrobis macne~.
mTavari redaqtori _ jemSid giunaSvili. saredaqcio kolegiis
wevrebi: mojTaba safixani, nomadi barTaia, grigol beraZe, giorgi
lobJaniZe, irine naWyebia. gazeTis gamocemis organizatori _
`saqarTvelo-iranis samecniero urTierTobisa da TanamSromlobis
sazogadoeba~. sazogadoeba 1994 wlidan arsebobs. misi iniciativiT
saqarTvelosa da iranis islamuri respublikis samTavrobo da
arasamTavrobo organizaciebTan, samecniero-kvleviT da saswavlo
dawesebulebebTan TanamSromlobiTa da TanadgomiT Catarda
konferenciebi, ori qveynis erovnuli dReebis, saiubileo TariRebis,
qarTuli da sparsuli enebisa da literaturis, istoriul-kulturu-
li urTierTobebis aqtualuri sakiTxebisadmi miZRvnili RonisZiebebi.
redaqcia gazeTis saSualebiT mkiTxvelebs awvdida iranis samecniero-
kulturuli cxovrebis, ekonomikis, sagareo politikis, saqarTvelo-
iranis istoriul-kulturuli da Tanamedrove urTierTobis aqtualur
sakiTxebze sando informacias. gazeTi saTanado yuradRebas uTmobda
iranistikis dargSi qarTvel mecnierTa miRwevebis gaSuqebis sakiTxsa
da fereidneli qarTvelebis yofa-cxovrebis Temas.
gazeTi A4 formatisaa. gamocemis tiraJia 325 egzemplari.
`megobrobis macne~ ar iyo realizaciaSi. Tavdapirvelad, gazeTis
perioduloba TveSi erTi nomeriT ganisazRvra, Tumca, SemdgomSi
kvartalSi erTi nomeri gamoicemoda. gazeTi ibeWdeboda carcis
143
qaRaldze, pirveli satitulo gverdi feradi iyo. perioduli gamocema
ibeWdeboda gamomcemloba `ena da kultura~-s stambaSi. redaqciam
daamkvidra gazeTis Tematuri nomrebis gamocema (mag., mandilosnebs
mieZRvna 2005 wlis #4, ori qveynis ekonomikur urTierTobebs mieZRvna
2005 wlis #5 da sxv.) gazeTSi avtorTa da publicistur JanrTa
mravalferovneba ar SeiniSneboda. gamocema politkoreqtuli iyo.
`megobrobis macneSi~ fereidnel qarTvelTa yofa-cxovrebis Sesaxeb
gamoqveynda araerTi publikacia. bevri saintereso publikaciis
gverdiT gazeTSi daibeWda werili iranis teritoriaze arsebuli
qarTuli sasuliero xuroTmoZRvrebis erTaderTi nimuSis Sesaxeb.
`meoce saukunis dasawyisis cnobili qarTveli mewarme-mecenatis akaki
xoStarias meuRlis minadora xoStarias (1881-1924) samlocvelo da
akldama Teiranis dulabis marTlmadideblur rusul sasaflaoze
mdebareobs. varaudoben, rom aRniSnuli akldamis damproeqtebeli da
mSenebeli nikoloz markovia. dulabis sasaflaoze dakrZalulia 30-
mde qarTveli: irakli ciciSvili, vladimer Turqia, ioseb gegenava,
margarita da mixeil qorqiebi da sxv.~ (giunaSvili 2005).
gazeTi exmianeba fereidneli qarTvelebis samSobloSi
repatriaciis sakiTxebs _ `vasil mJavanaZis mmarTvelobis dros
organizaciulad momzadda winapiroba fereidnelTa 300-mde ojaxis
saqarTveloSi Camoyvanis Sesaxeb. samocdaaTiani wlebis dasawyisSi
fereidnelTa pirveli jgufi, ori aTeuli ojaxi Caasaxles gurjaanisa
da sagarejos raionebis soflebSi. yoveli ojaxisTvis agebuli iyo
oTxoTaxiani orsarTuliani saxli. saTavsoebiT, ezoebiT,
komfortabelurad gawyobili iyo oTaxebi da samzareulo.
xelmZRvanelobam izruna repatrirebulTa SromiTi mowyobisa da
saTanado materialuri pirobebis SeqmnisTvis, swavla-ganaTlebisa da
janmrTelobis dacvisTvis. es istoriuli eqsperimenti CanasaxSive
warumatebeli aRmoCnda. mokle xanSi Camosul fereidnelTa naxevarze
metma dabejiTebiT moiTxova iranSi dabruneba. sabWoTa periodSi
144
repatriacia ar iyo advili saqme, xolo repatriantebis ukan dabruneba
ufro did sirTuleebTan iyo dakavSirebuli.~
avtori miiCnevs, rom `fereidnelTa saqarTveloSi Camosvlis
pirveli dRidanve calsaxad dadga axal pirobebTan maTi Seguebis
problema. xelmZRvanelebi, romlebic yurad ar iRebdnen am sakiTxze
kompetentur specialistTa azrs, fiqrobdnen, rom xelis erTi mosmiT
aRmofxvridnen Camosaxlebul fereidnelTa yofaSi Rrmad Camjdar im
Cvevebs, rac maT miiRes da SeiTvises ucxo garemoSi saukuneTa
manZilze cxovrebis Sedegad. specialistebis azri imis Sesaxeb, rom
fereidnelTa dasaxleba unda moxdes kompaqturad, ar iyo
gaTvaliswinebuli da ganxorcielda deportirebulTa calkeul
soflebSi gafantulad Casaxlebis gaumarTlebeli meTodi~.
repatrirebuli fereidnelebis iranSi dabrunebis erT-erT ganmsaz-
Rvrel faqtorad avtori miiCnevs fereidneli qalebis poziciasa da
rols: `fereidneli qali 400 wlis ganmavlobaSi gmirulad icavda
keras gareSe elementebis SeRwevisagan da, faqtobrivad, man SeunarCuna
fereidnelebs qarTuli ena. saqarTveloSi igi aRmoCnda im
konservatorul, Tu gnebavT, reaqciul Zalad, romelic win aRudga
Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi arsebul yofiTsa da moqalaqeTa Soris
yoveldRiuri urTierTobis normebs~ (giunaSvili 2005) da sxv.
aqve gvinda SemogTavazoT saqarTvelos Sesaxeb, aseve, fereidneli
qarTvelebis mier iranis islamur respublikaSi gamoqveynebuli
literaturis arasruli sia, vfiqrobT, aRniSnuli gamocemebi iran-
saqarTvelos TanamSromlobis media aqtiurobisaTvis gankuTvnil
niSas erTgvarad avsebs.
`qarTveli iranelebi~, ispahani, 1979 (fereidneli avtori _ mohamad
sefiani).
`qarTuli zRaprebi~, Teirani, 1979 (mTargmneli _ abolfazl
azmude).
145
`qarTvelebi~, Teirani, 1984 (avtori _ deivid marSal lengi,
mTargmneli royie behzadi).
`saqarTvelo~ (eZRvneba iv. javaxiSvilis dabadebidan 120
wlisTavs), Teirani, 1996 (avtori _ roin metreveli, mTargmneli _
bahram amirahmadiani, redaqtori _ jemSid giunaSvili, saqarTvelos
saelCos gamocema iranis islamuri respublikis sagareo saqmeTa
saministros TanadgomiT).
`vefxistyaosani~ SoTa rusTavelis Sedevri~, Teirani, 1998
(gamokvleva da Targmani farSid delSadisa, redaqtori _ jemSid
giunaSvili, saqarTvelo-iranis samecniro-kulturuli urTierTobisa
da TanamSromlobis sazogadoebis gamocema iranis islamur
respublikaSi saqarTvelos saelCos TanadgomiT).
`saqarTvelos geografia~ (sparsul enaze), Teirani, 1998 (avtori _
bahram amirahmadiani).
`saqarTvelo~ (cnobari sparsul enaze), Teirani, 1999 (avtori q-ni
farvin moazami, iranis islamuri respublikis sagareo saqmeTa
saministros gamocema).
`vefxistyaosani~, raSTi, 2000 (mTargmneli _ mohamadqazem iusef-
furi, redaqtori _ magali Todua, gilanis universitetis gamocema).
`iranis qarTvelebi~, ispahani, 2000 (fereidneli avtori _ maleq
mohamed rahimi).
`qarTvelebis adgili iranis istoriaSi, kulturasa da
civilizaciaSi~, ispahani, 2000 (fereidneli avtori _ said muliani).
`iran-saqarTvelos istoriul-kulturuli urTierTgavlena~,
Teirani, 2001 (`mrgvali magidis~ masalebi, iranis sagareo saqmeTa
saministros gamocema).
`qomeilis locvebi~, ispahani, 2001 (arabul-sparsul-qarTuli
teqstebi, Targmna fereidnelma sasuliero pirma _ mohsen xucianma).
`aTaserTi qarTuli andaza~ (qarTul-sparsuli teqstebi), Teirani,
2002 (Targmani _ Tea SurRaiasi da farSid delSadis, redaqtori _
146
jemSid giunaSvili, iranis islamuri respublikis sagareo saqmeTa
saministros gamoSveba).
`saqarTvelos geografia~, ispahani, 2002 (fereidneli avtoris
imamyuli baTovanis mier Sedgenili sakiTxavi wigni dawyebiTi
klasebis moswavleTaTvis).
`sparsuli literaturis enciklopedia~, t. V, Teirani, 2003 (samx-
reT kavkasiisa da daRestnis iranistebis bio-bibliografiuli
cnobari _ tomis erTi mesamedi (200 gverdamde) eZRvneba qarTvel
avtorebs).
`qarTuli ena sparsulenovanTaTvis~, gilanis universitetis
gamocema, raSTi, 2004 (avtori _ leila geguCaZe, mTargmneli _ fardin
qomai, redaqtori _ jemSid giunaSvili).
`Tbilisis k. kekeliZis saxelobis xelnawerTa institutis
sparsul xelnawerTa aRweriloba~, t. I, Teirani, 2004 (Semdgeneli _
seifola modaber-Caharborji, iranis islamuri respublikis sagareo
saqmeTa saministros gamocema).
`saqarTvelo istoriis Saraze~, Teirani, 2004 (avtori _ bahram ami-
rahmadiani, civilizaciaTa dialogis saerTaSoriso centris gamocema).
Jurnali `kalami~, Tbilisi 2009w. (kavkasiisa da aRmosavleTis
kvleviTi centri. Jurnali iranis islamuri respublikis saelCos
finansuri mxardaWeriT ibeWdeboda).
N
147
nawili IV
qarTvelebi estoneTis respublikaSi
1989 wlis mosaxleobis aRweris mixedviT, estoneTSi 121 erovnebis
warmomadgeneli cxovrobda. am periodSi estonelebis wili saerTo mo-
saxleobis 61,5 % iyo, xolo araestonelebis ricxvi 38,5%-s Seadgenda.
1997 wlisTvis estoneTSi 950 124 estonelTan erTad cxovrobda 412 628
rusi, 37 306 ukraineli, 21 883 belorusi, 13 629 fineli, 3 315 TaTari,
2 723 latvieli, 2 374 poloneli, 2 245 litveli, 1 553 ebraeli, 1 349
germaneli da 12 001 sxva erovnebis warmomadgenlebi.
1989 wlisTvis estoneTSi cxovrobda 606 qarTveli (390 mamakaci da
216 qali) (viikbergi 1999: 225). dRes estoneTis respublikaSi daaxloe-
biT 450-500 qarTveli cxovrobs, ZiriTadad, qalaqebSi: talinsa da
tartuSi.
`rom ara tartus universiteti, albaT, ar iqneboda meoce saukunis
dasawyisis renesansi qarTul kulturasa da mecnierebaSi da Tu am
epoqis amgvari Sefaseba vinmes gadaWarbebulad moeCveneba, SegviZlia
SevTanxmdeT, rom Tu renesansi ara, winarenesansuli garemo XX
saukunis dasawyisSi, qarTul mecnierebasa da xelovnebaSi, namdvilad
arsebobda. am pirobebis Seqmna ki, sxvebTan erTad, tartus
universitetSi ganaTlebamiRebulma qarTvelebma SeZles, visi
miRwevebiTac (kulturasa da mecnierebaSi), dRevandeli saqarTveloc
samarTlianad amayobs. sakmarisia, Tundac, ramdenime saxelovani
qarTvelis CamoTvla, vinc tartus universitetSi swavlobda: vaxtang
kotetiSvili da kote focxveraSvili, grigol robaqiZe da seiT
devdariani, petre Wabukiani da vladimer ToxaZe, aleqsandre Satilovi
da konstantine erisTavi, mixeil abramiSvili da simon kandelaki...~ _
wers daTo turaSvili (turaSvili 2005: 5-6).
profesor k. siilivaskas redaqciiT 1983 wels gamocemul wignSi _
`tartus universitetis istoria 1632-1982 ww.~ (siilivaska 1983: 162-163)
tartus universitetis pirvel qarTvel studentad dasaxelebulia
148
zaqaria zubalaSvili, romelsac 1836 wels aq samedicino fakultetze
Caubarebia. sxva versiiT, tartus universitetis pirveli qarTveli
studenti yofila zurab abduSelaSvili. _ `pirveli qarTveli ki, vinc
tartus universitetis studenti gaxda, zurab abduSelaSvili iyo.
Tumca, qarTvelTagan pirveli (ramdenime aTeuli wliT adre),
SesaZlebelia, nikoloz baraTaSvili yofiliyo da aki, urCevda kidec
mas biZamisi, grigol orbeliani, swored tartus universitetSi
swavlis gagrZelebas, magram mxolod urCevda tartuSi swavlas da
finansur SewevnasTan dakavSirebiT ki, samwuxarod, dumda...~ (turaSvili
2005: 5-6) (cnobilia, 1830-ian ww. qarTveli poeti, grigol orbeliani
baltiispireTSi msaxurobda garkveuli periodi).
qarTvelebis interesi tartus universitetisadmi gaizarda XIX s.
dasasrulsa da XX s. dasawyisSi. am periodSi tartus universitetSi
ganaTleba miiRo daaxloebiT 400 qarTvelma.
qarTveli studentebi sazogadoebriv aqtivobas avlendnen. maT
adgilobriv revoluciur moZraobaSi aqtiuri monawileoba miiRes.
tartus universitetis qarTvelma studentebma qalaqi tartu XIX s.
dasasrulsa da XX s. dasawyisSi qarTuli kulturis kerad aqcies:
arsebobda qarTuli sazogadoeba, literaturuli da samecniero
wreebi, gamoicemoda xelnaweri Jurnali. XIX s. 90-iani wlebisaTvis
tartuSi qarTuli saTvistomo Seiqmna, masTan biblioTeka arsebobda.
1898 wlidan qarTvelebi qarTul saRamoebs marTavdnen, romlebic
adgilobrivebs Soris didi warmatebiT sargeblobda. 1908 w. qarTuli
saTvistomos legalizacia moxda. saTvistomos sapatio wevrebi iyvnen
qarTveli klasikosebi: a. wereTeli, vaJa-fSavela, d. kldiaSvili da
sxv. aseve, 1906 w. daarsda da 1908 w. legalizeba moxda, faqtobrivad,
qarTuli organizaciisa _ `kavkasiel studentTa sazogadoeba~.
tartus universitetis kursadmTavrebulTa Soris arian: gr.
robaqiZe, a. papava, kikna fSavela (s. baduraSvili), v. kotetiSvili, k.
focxveraSvili, s. devdariani, p. Wabukiani da sxv.
149
tartus universitetSi amJamadac swavloben qarTveli studentebi,
Tumca isini xSir SemTxvevaSi ar arian CarTulni estoneTis
respublikaSi arsebuli qarTuli saTvistomoebis saqmianobaSi.
rogorc aRvniSneT, estoneTis respublikaSi daaxloebiT 450-500
qarTveli cxovrobs. ojaxebi, ZiriTadad, Sereulia, zogi
saqarTvelodan wasuli estonelia, zogic _ estonur-qarTuli ojaxis
warmomadgeneli, romelTac 90-iani wlebis mdgomareobam ubiZga, meore
samSobloSi wasuliyvnen. qarTuli diaspora estoneTSi mcxovreb
qarTvelebsa da mSobliur saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobebis
damyarebasa da ganviTarebaze zrunavs. estoneTSi, miuxedavad
qarTvelebis arcTu didi raodenobisa, ramdenime saTvistomo da
organizacia arsebobs (maT Soris, bevri xelovnurad Seqmnili):
• `qarTuli saxli~ _ `estonur-qarTuli sazogadoeba~, q. talini,
Tavmjdomare: maka samxaraZe.
• estonur qarTuli kulturuli saTvistomo „mamuli~, q. talini,
Tavmjdomare: iaSa yurSubaZe.
• qarTuli kulturuli gaerTianeba `aWara~/`baTumi~, q. talini,
Tavmjdomare: valerian wuwunava.
• talinis qarTuli nacionaluri saTvistomo `iveria~, q. talini,
Tavmjdomare: vladimir Juriari.
• qalTa sazogadoeba `salme~, q. talini, Tavmjdomare: ala elleri.
• `baltiis integraciuli sazogadoeba~, q. tartu, Tavmjdomare:
vaJa gorelaSvili.
• `viru jorjia~, q. kivioli, Tavmjdomare: Teimuraz qardava.
• qarTuli saxalxo ansambli „mamuli~, q. talini, Tavmjdomare:
givi mamuCaraSvili.
• estonur-qarTuli kulturuli centri „Tbilisi~, q. talini,
Tavmjdomare: leri jafariZe.
• qarTuli Teatraluri sazogadoeba `niavi~.
150
• qarTul-estonuri organizacia `bagrati~, organizaciis
xelmZRvaneli: timofei basilaSvili.
aRniSnuli organizaciebi e. w. `qolga~ organizaciebis farglebSi
arseboben:
`qarTuli saxli~, romelsac ukve meoTxe welia xelmZRvanelobs
maka samxaraZe, aerTianebs Semdeg organizaciebs: `estonur-qarTuli
sazogadoeba~, `iveria~, `aWara~/`baTumi~, `salme~, `viru jorjia~,
`baltiis integraciuli sazogadoeba~.
estoneTis nacionaluri umciresobebis asociacia `lira~,
romelsac xelmZRvanelobs lidia korvaldi, ukve 20 welia arsebobs
da 51 nacionalur organizacias aerTianebs, maT Soris, qarTul
organizaciebs: qarTuli saxalxo ansambli „mamuli~ da sxv.
ramdenime wlis win talinSi Seiqmna sakvirao skola, romelSic
msurvelebi qarTul enas euflebodnen. sakvirao skolas xelmZRva-
nelobda vladimir Juriari. amJamad sakvirao skola ar funqciobs.
qarTvelebi yovel marTlmadideblur dResaswaulze eklesiaSi
ikribebian.
estonur qarTuli kulturuli saTvistomo „mamuli~ 2000-2002 ww.
gamoscemda Jurnal `mamuls~, romlis Sesaxebac qvemoT gveqneba
saubari.
gasaTvaliswinebelia qarTuli samzareulo, rogorc eTnikuri
identifikaciis saSualeba. qveyanaSi xuTi qarTuli restorania:
`firosmanis~ qseli, `suliko~ (talini) da `Tbilisi~ (tartu).
estoneTSi saqarTvelos warmomadgenlebma SesamCnev warmatebebs
miaRwies da adgilobriv sazogadoebaSi adgili daimkvidres: Salva
gulordava (sabWoTa estoneTis qirurgiis fuZemdebeli), iuri koCinevi-
koCinaSvili (qirurgi), leri jafariZe (qirurgi), Teimuraz silagava
(eqimi), erekle ZoweniZe (eqimi), giorgi doliSvili (eqimi), lia
doliSvili (stomatologi), TinaTin doliZe (Terapevti), baldo
barbaqaZe (sazRvao kapitani), Tengiz ComaxiZe (sazRvao kapitani) da sxv.
151
saqarTvelos sagangebo da sruluflebianma elCma estoneTis
respublikaSi, ruslan abaSiZem CvenTan saubarSi aRniSna: `estoneTSi
myofi qarTvelebis Sesaxeb arsebuli monacemebidan, 25-30% moqalaqeoba
aqvs. umravlesoba ormagi moqalaqea. estoneTSi qarTvelebi, ZiriTadad,
legalurad imyofebian _ an muSaobis ufleba aqvT, an moqalaqeebi
arian, an studentebi. qarTvelebis umravlesoba gaerTianebulia
nacionalur organizaciebSi, romlebic erToblivi muSaobis Sedegad e.
w. `qolga~ organizaciebSi movaqcieT. estoneTis saxelmwifo politika
`qolga~ organizaciebis finansur, teqnikur da samarTlebriv
mxardaWeras iTvaliswinebs~.
2009 wlamde diasporisa da eTnikuri umciresobebis sakiTxs
estoneTSi xalxTa gansaxlebis saxelmwifo ministris aparati
xelmZRvanelobda. Semdeg es funqcia gadaeca kulturis saministros,
romelic aRniSnul sakiTxebSi TanamSromlobs ganaTlebisa da Sinagan
saqmeTa saministroebTan.
estoneTis kulturis saministros kulturuli mravalferovnebis
departamentis ufrosi specialistis, evgeni Juriari-osipovis, TqmiT,
estoneTis saxelmwifo politika mxardaWeras ucxadebs eTnikur
umciresobebs da TanamSromlobs `qolga~ organizaciebTan. imisaTvis,
rom `qolga~ organizacia saxelmwifom daafinansos, man unda gaiaros
atestacia, romelic gulisxmobs xelovnurad Seqmnili organizaciebis
gamovlenas. estoneTis saxelmwifo nacionaluri umciresobebis
organizaciebs sakuTari kulturis SenarCunebisTvis xelsayrel
garemos uqmnis da saSualebas aZlevs saerTo kulturul sivrceSi
wvlili Seitanon, risTvisac saxelmwifo yovelwliurad gamoyofs
300 000 evros. `qolga~ organizaciaSi Semavali jgufebi yovelwliurad
iReben 1000_1500 evros. aseve, saproeqto konkursisTvis
gaTvaliswinebulia biujeti 80 000 evros odenobiT. dafinansebis sxva
saSualebebia integraciisa da migraciis fondebis mxardaWera.
152
2007 wlisTvis estoneTSi e.w. `qolga~ organizaciebis raodenoba 18
iyo, xolo `qolga~-Si Semavali an calke arsebuli nacionalur-
kulturuli organizaciebis saerTo ricxvi – 203. aRniSnuli
organizaciebis didi nawili aqtiur moRvaweobas eweva, organizebas
uwevs saerTaSoriso festivalebs, tardeba konferenciebi da
seminarebi, maT safuZvelze arsebobs sakvirao skolebi. aRsaniSnavia,
rom xSiria finansebis mozidvis mizniT, xelovnurad Seqmnili
organizaciebis SemTxvevebic.
diplomatiuri urTierTobebi saqarTvelosa da estoneTis
respublikas Soris
diplomatiuri urTierTobebi saqarTvelosa da estoneTis
respublikas Soris 1992 w. 16 ivniss damyarda. 1999 wlidan saqarTvelos
moqalaqeebis uflebebs icavda saqarTvelos generaluri konsuli
litvis, latviisa da estoneTis respublikebSi zurab marSania. 2003 w.
seqtemberSi moqmedeba daiwyo saqarTvelos saelCom litvis, latviisa
da estoneTis respublikebSi. saqarTvelos elCad am respublikebSi
dainiSna daviT afciauri. saqarTvelos prezidentis 2006 w. 13
oqtombris № 606 brZanebulebis Tanaxmad, Seiqmna saqarTvelos saelCo
estoneTis respublikaSi, sadac dainiSna saqmeTa droebiTi rwmunebuli
zurab marSania.
estonuri mxare gamoxatavs mzadyofnas, gauziaros saqarTvelos
Tavisi gamocdileba evropul da evroatlantikur struqturebSi
integraciis TvalsazrisiT; mniSvnelovania TanamSromloba: saparlamen-
to doneze (estoneTis respublikis parlamentSi Seqmnilia saqarTvel-
osTan megobrobis jgufi), Tavdacvis, sazRvris dacvis sferoebSi;
saerTaSoriso organizaciebis farglebSi _ estonuri mxare yovelTvis
gamoxatavs aqtiur mxardaWeras saqarTvelosaTvis mniSvnelovani
sakiTxebis ganxilvisas. estoneTis sagareo saqmeTa saministros mier
dafinansebuli ganviTarebis da humanitaruli daxmarebis kuTxiT.
daxmarebis proeqtebi koncentrirebulia im sferoebze, romlebic
153
ukavSirdeba efeqturi mmarTvelobis damyarebas, Tanamedrove ganaT-
lebis sistemisa da mdgradi demokratiis ganviTarebas. ganviTarebisa
da humanitaruli daxmarebis proeqtebi moicavs: qarTveli saxelmwifo
moxeleebis treiningebs estoneTis diplomatiis skolaSi, saqarTvelos
iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa daxmarebas Sida qarTlis da mcxeTa-
mTianeTis raionebSi, evrokavSiris aRmosavleT partniorobis
programasTan dakavSirebiT seminarebis organizebas, evrokavSiris
„Mobility Partnership Project"-is ganxorcielebas, qarTveli policielebisa
da samarTaldamcavebis treinings estoneTis Sesabamis samsaxurSi,
mimdinare reformebTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos erovnul
sazogadoebriv tele-radiokompaniebTan konsultaciebis gamarTvas,
romlis mizania xeli Seuwyos demokratiuli sazogadoebis Sesatyvisi
dabalansebuli mediis Camoyalibebas. (www.mfa.gov.ge)
estonuri presa saqarTvelos Sesaxeb
1880 wlamde germanuli ena estoneTSi oficialur enad miiCneoda,
amitom pirveli monacemebi saqarTvelosa da qarTuli kulturis
Sesaxeb germanul enaze, germaniasa da baltiispireTSi gamocemul
periodikaSi daibeWda. mag., 1804 w. rigaSi gamocemul JurnalSi
`Nordishes archiv~ ori statia ganTavsda _ `saqarTvelos ganaTlebis
Sesaxeb, qarTuli skolebisa da kulturis Sesaxeb~ da `qarTul
poeziasa da musikaze~.
XIX s. dasasrulsa da XX s. dasawyisSi germanul wyaroebs
rusulic Seemata, sadac ibeWdeboda saqarTvelos Sesaxeb informacia.
mag., `qarTuli legenda~ gaz. `Дерптский листок~ (1892, #1-2). aRniSnuli
statia Semdeg estonur enaze iTargmna da daibeWda `Олевик~-Si (1892,
#3, 4). aseve, daviT JRentis werili `Tamar mefe~ daibeWda gazeT
`Юръевский листок~-Si (1912, #70). droTa ganmavlobaSi estonuri beWdviTi
mediis furclebze gamoCnda originaluri masalebi saqarTvelosa da
misi kulturis Sesaxeb.
154
1870-ian ww. iozep recoldi estonur gamocemebTan saqarTvelodan
TanamSromlobda. estonelebis yuradReba miipyro misi avtorobiT
momzadebulma `kavkasiuri werilebis~ ciklma. bevrma estonelma saqar-
TveloSi gadmosaxlebazec daiwyo fiqri... uSualod iozep recoldis
monawileobiT 1882 w. afxazeTSi, soxumTan axlos, gaCnda patara
estonuri dasaxleba _ sofeli estonka (ruseT-saqarTvelos, afxazeTis
omis Semdgom periodSi estonelebma datoves aRniSnuli adgilebi.
meore sofeli _ axali estonika gaCnda saqarTvelo-TurqeTis
sazRvarTan (pirveli msoflio omis periodSi Sewyvita arseboba).
saqarTvelos Sesaxeb informaciebi Cndeba gamoCenili estoneli
mwerlebis SemoqmedebaSic: eduard bornxoe, eduard vilde, anton
xanzeni tamsaare, fr. mixkelsoni da sxv.
estonur beWdviT gamocemebSi XIX-XX ss. mijnaze daibeWda
naTargmni da originaluri werilebi.
1905-1907 wlebamde saqarTveloSi naklebad icodnen estoneTsa da
estonelebis Sesaxeb. am droisTvis werilebi gaCnda saqarTvelos
periodul gamocemaSi, romlebic exeboda tartus universitetis
qarTvel studentebs. 1899 wels, Jurnal `moambis~ ivlisis nomerSi,
daibeWda nino zurabaSvilis werili, romelic rusi avtoris
publikaciis safuZvelze momzadda (e. soloviovi, kulturuli
moZraoba estonelebSi, J. `Научное обозрене~, 1899, # 31).
qarTuli presa regularulad aSuqebda qarTveli studentebis
aqtivobebs. gazeT `iveriaSi~ (28.IX.1897, #201) asaxulia qarTveli stu-
dentebis xelmokle cxovreba... studentebma qarTul gamocemebs sTxoves
biblioTekisaTvis Jurnal-gazeTebi gamoegzavnaT. aRniSnul Txovnas
gamoexmaura `iveria~, `kvali~, `krebuli~, `jejili~, `cnobis furceli~,
`moambe~, `kavkasia~ da ufasod gaugzavnes gamocemebi. anton furcelaZem
studentebs Tavisi nawarmoebebis 12 tomi gaugzavna. qarTveli
studentebis Sesaxeb werda adgilobrivi presa: `Олевик~, `Постимээс~.
155
qarTveli studentebi gamoscemdnen iumoristul xelnawer Jurnals
`koRo~, romlis arc avtorebis, arc gamocemuli nomrebis Sesaxeb araa
cnobili. Tumca saqarTvelos erovnul biblioTekaSi inaxeba aRniSnu-
li gamocemis erTi nomeri, romelzec TariRi ar aris miTiTebuli,
informacia avtorebis Sesaxebac daSifruli iyo (rogorc revoluciis
monawileebisa), mxolod akaki papavas saxeli gaiSifra. Jurnali moiZia
sergei isakovma. mkvlevarma igi 1911-1912 ww. miakuTvna. gamocemis
masalebSi kargad ikiTxeba TviTmpyrobelobisa da mSiSara studentebis,
romlebic revoluciis periodSi umoqmedobas arCevdnen, dacinva.
adgilobriv gazeTebSi adgili eTmoboda qarTveli mwerlebis
Semoqmedebasa da literaturul kvlevebs (isakovi 1969: 28-65).
estonur gazeT `Universitas Tartunsis~ 2005 w. 9 seqtembris nomerSi
qarTveli studentebis Sesaxeb daibeWda statia: `qarTvelebi gacvliTi
programiT tartuSi~ (sakova 2005: 1) (SeTanxmeba saqarTvelosa da
estoneTis respublikis mTavrobebs Soris kulturis, ganaTlebis,
mecnierebis, axalgazrdobisa da sportis sferoebSi TanamSromlobis
Sesaxeb ZalaSia 2005 wlis Tebervlidan). informaciaSi swored
aRniSnuli xelSekrulebis safuZvelze ganxorcielebul studentTa
gacvliT programaze da mis monawileebzea saubari. werilis mixedviT,
pirvel etapze aRniSnul programaSi ori qarTveli iRebda
monawileobas, erTi _ saswavlo wlis pirvel semestrSi, xolo meore _
gazafxulis semestrSi. aRniSnuli informaciuli SeniSvnis
gagrZelebad SeiZleba ganvixiloT gazeTis imave nomerSi
SemoTavazebuli interviu saTauriT `tartu _ mSvidobiani da mwvane
qalaqi~ (sakova 2005: gv. 3). interviu daviT axvledianTan da berZen
pavlos pavlidisTan, romelic gacvliT programaSi saberZneTidan
monawileobda. respondentebi STabeWdilebebs uziareben sazogadoebas.
gazeTi `estoneTis axalgazrdoba~ (rusulenovani gamocema) 2005 w.
3 ivnisis nomerSi (gv. 9) rubrikiT `Tanamemamule~ beWdavs uliana
falevas statias `estoneTis qarTvelebi~. statia ilustrirebulia
156
(faleva 2005: 9). werili exeba qarTuli saTvistomos mier 26 maisis _
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dRis _ aRniSvnas, romelic nacionalur
kavSir `liraSi~ SemoqmedebiT ansambl `mamulis~ wevrTa da misi
xelmZRvanelis, givi mamuCaraSvilis iniciativiT aRiniSna. Jurnalisti
SeniSnavs qarTul stumarTmoyvareobas. RonisZiebis mTavari stumrebi
iyvnen saqarTvelos elCi litvaSi g. qerdiyoSvili da qarTveli
mwerali d. turaSvili. RonisZiebaze vl. Juriarim sazogadoebas
Seaxsena qarTuli saTvistomos istoria, ansamblma `mamulma~ Seasrula
qarTuli simRerebi. d. turaSvilma qarTul enaze gamocemuli sakuTari
wignebi usaxsovra sazogadoebas. Sesrulda Zveli himni `dideba~,
romlis teqsti da musika ekuTvnis kote focxveraSvils, romelic,
sxvaTa Soris, tartus universitetis kursdamTavrebuli iyo.
reportaJSi avtori gvTavazobs gamomsvlelTa komentarebs.
157
Jurnali `mamuli~
1997 wels Camoyalibda estonur-qarTuli kulturuli saTvistomo
„mamuli~. saTvistomos xelmZRvanelobs iaSa yurSubaZe: `2000 wels,
damoukideblobis dResTan dakavSirebiT, 26 maiss Cveni saTvistomos
wevrebs Jurnali `mamuli~ saCuqrad movumzadeT. gamocemas Temur
TofCiaSvili redaqtorobda. Jurnali rusul enaze gamoica, im
periodSi qarTuli Sriftebi ar gvqonda. am JurnaliT sazogadoebas
Cveni aqtivoba gavacaniT. `mamulis~ mxolod sami nomeri daibeWda.
ramdenime wlis win Cvens saTvistomoSi gaCnda survili eleqtonuli
gverdic Segveqmna, Tumca es idea ver ganxorcielda. albaT,
enTuziazmis naklebobis an im mizeziT, rom interneti yvelasTvis
xelmisawvdomi ar aris. aRsaniSnavia, qalbaton maka samxaraZis mier
momzadebuli ramdenime Tematuri saRamo da estoneTis
radiomauwyeblobiT gadacemuli radio-gadacemebi saqarTvelos
Sesaxeb.~ _ aRniSna CvenTan saubrisas batonma iaSa yurSubaZem.
Jurnali `mamuli~ A4 formatisaa, dabeWdilia carcis qaRaldze,
feradia, Tormetgverdiani. Jurnalis tiraJi iyo daaxloebiT 250
egzemplari, realizaciaSi ar gadioda (iyo sasaCuqre gamocema).
Jurnalis redaqtori iyo Temur TofCiaSvili.
`mamulis~ sul sami nomeri gamovida (2000, 2001, 2002 wlebisa).
gamocema mzaddeboda specialurad saqarTvelos damoukideblobis
dRisTvis. gamocemis adgili _ qalaqi talini.
Jurnali rusulenovania, rasac gamocemis organizatorebi imiT
xsnian, rom im periodSi qarTuli Sriftebi ar hqondaT. Tumca aRniS-
nul faqts sasargeblo datvirTvas uZebnian, kerZod, Jurnalis audi-
toria gafarTovda. (estoneTSi rusuli saurTierTo enad kvlav rCeba).
Jurnalis redaqcia pirvel nomerSi auditorias saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo simboloebs acnobs. ibeWdeba estonur-qarTuli
kulturuli saTvistomo „mamulis~ Tavmjdomaris, iaSa yurSubaZis
mimarTva, sadac saubaria estoneT-saqarTvelos mravalwliani
158
megobrobisa da am droisaTvis arsebuli qarTuli organizaciebis
Sesaxeb. (am periodSi arsebobda ansambli `mamuli~, qarTuli
kulturuli kerebi qalaq valgaSi, xelmZRvaneli vl. maisuraZe, qalaq
tartuSi, xelmZRvaneli T. TofCiaSvili, qalaq piarnuSi, xelmZRvaneli
nato narsaviZe; fexburTis gundi `jorjia~ imeda kekeiSvilis
xelmZRvanelobiT. gaixsna qarTuli restorani `firosmani~).
gamoqveynebulia werili saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dRis Sesaxeb,
asaxulia istoriuli faqtebi. Jurnali exmianeba saqarTveloSi
Catarebul arCevnebs da auditorias rusuli presis mixedviT
momzadebul analitikur masalasac sTavazobs.
yuradRebas imsaxurebs l. poliakovas interviu (`Прекрасной Грузии
напевы~) qarTuli sazogadoebis xelmZRvanelobis warmomadgenlebTan:
valerian wuwunavasTan, ednar bolqvaZesa da iaSa yurSubaZesTan.
Jurnalisti sagulisxmo kiTxvas svams: `Tqven xom adrec icnobdiT
erTmaneTs, stumrobdiT, erTad aRniSnavdiT sxvadasxva RonisZiebas...
ram gaiZulaT iuridiulad gageformebinaT nacionalur-kulturuli
sazogadoeba?~ respondenti, ednar bolqvaZe, am faqts ase xsnis:
`mamulis~ SeqmniT gvsurda gveTqva, rom arsebobs saqarTvelo, uZvelesi
kulturis qveyana da Cven swored am qveynis warmomadgenlebi varT
estoneTSi. vmonawileobT nacionaluri organizaciebis RonisZiebebSi
da sazogadoebas vacnobT saqarTvelos~.
redaqcia JurnalSi adgils uTmobs ilona Tofurias Semoqmedebas;
mkiTxvels informacias awvdis estoneTSi arsebuli fexburTis gund
`jorjias~ Sesaxeb; aseve, cnobili saopero momRerlis, zurab
sotkilavasa da moWadrakis, nona gafrindaSvilis, stumrobis Sesaxeb.
JurnalSi adgili eTmoba saqarTvelos politikur siaxleebsa da
qarTuli samzareulos receptebs.
`mamulis~ meore nomeri mkiTxvels Tbilisis Sesaxeb awvdis
informacias. dabeWdilia analitikur statia ruseT-saqarTvelos
urTierTobebis Sesaxeb. gazeTi auditorias acnobs ilia WavWavaZis
159
Semoqmedebasa da Rvawls. mkiTxvels SesaZlebloba aqvs waikiTxos
vidadi mamedovis werili saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis kulturuli
urTierTobebis Sesaxeb.
ukve tradiaciadqceul mimarTvaSi sazogadoebis Tavmjdomare i.
yurSubaZe madlierebas gamoxatavs Jurnalis gamocemisadmi interesis
gamo. `mamuls~ gamoexmaura saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi organiza-
ciebi, adgilobrivi presa (gaz. `Вести~, mariana tarasenko), ramac
ganapiroba kidec Jurnalis meore nomris dabeWdva~, _ wers avtori.
i. yurSubaZe Tavis gamosvlaSi estoneTis premier-ministr m.
laarisa da saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa ministr i. menaRariSvilis
Sexvedras exmianeba da, Tavis mxriv, qveynebis daaxloebis sakiTxSi
estoneTSi mcxovrebi qarTuli sazogadoebis rols gamokveTs.
sazogadoebas acnobs, saTvistomoSi ganxorcielebul Sida sakad-
ro cvlilebebsa da ajamebs gasuli wlis aqtivobebs. ganxorcielda
araerTi RonisZieba: aRiniSna religiuri da erovnuli dResaswaulebi,
bavSvebisTvis Catarda aRmzrdelobiT-SemecnebiTi gakveTilebi, saTvis-
tomom umaspinZla warmoSobiT qarTvel momReral v. melaZes, qarTuli
simRerebis ansambl `Tbiliss~, qarTvel fexburTelebs: m. xurcilavas,
d. yifians, r. ZoZuaSvilsa da nakrebis sxva wevrebs. mimarTvaSi avtori
qarTuli sazogadoebis saxeliT madlobas uxdis saTvistomos wevrebs:
vl. Juriars, Zmeb samxaraZeebs, T. TofCiaSvilsa da sxv.
`mamulis~ meore nomerSi SexvdebiT statiebs qarTuli
xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebis Sesaxeb. daibeWda ansambl `Tbilisis~
stumrobis amsaxveli informacia. aseve, daibeWda werili qarTuli
Rvinisa da nacionaluri samzareulos Sesaxeb.
Jurnal `mamulis~ mesame nomeri 2002 w. gamoica. tradiciisamebr,
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis dRisadmi miZRvnili gamocema pirvel
gverdebs mkiTxvelisTvis saqarTvelos gacnobiT iwyebs: `aWara _
saqarTvelos margaliti~; adgili eTmoba saqarTvelos istorias,
gaSuqebulia daviT aRmaSeneblis epoqa, bagratis taZris istoria.
160
redaqtoris svets cvlis sazogadoebis Tavmjdomaris, i.
yurSubaZis mimarTva, romelSic avtori ajamebs wina wels Catarebul
RonisZiebebs. avtori ixsenebs robert sturuas, jumber leJavas,
ansambl `Tbilisis~, kalaTburTis gund `baskos~ wevrTa stumrobas.
madlobas uxdis sazogadoebis aqtiur wevrebs: iona baraTaSvils, Zmeb
samxaraZeebsa da biznesmen konstantine ivaniSvils. Jurnalis am
nomerSi daibeWda informacia aRniSnuli RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb.
aRniSvnis Rirsia Jurnalis yoveli nomris bolo gverdze
redaqtoris teqsti, romelSic is madlobas uxdis mkiTxvelebsa da
avtorebs. Jurnalis gamocemis finansuri mxardaWerisaTvis biznesmen k.
ivaniSvils, Zmeb samxaraZeebsa da sxv. (`mamuli~ 2000-2002).
paralelisaTvis: 1989 wels talinSi 1 500-iani tiraJiT gamovida
somxuri kulturuli sazogadoeba `vaagnis~ yovellTviuri gazeTi `va-
agni~. gazeTi orenovani iyo _ somxur-rusuli. redaqtori a. gulguli-
ani. redaqcias marTavda saredaqcio sabWo, romelsac xelmZRvanelobda
a. davidianci. gazeTis teqnikuri redaqtori iyo g. iknoiani. gazeTi 1991
wlamde gamodioda. `vaagnSi~ gamoqveynda estoneTis damoukideblobis
mxardamWeri publikaciebi. gamocema estoneTSi mcxovreb somxebsa da
sxva erovnebis warmomadgenlebs somxeTSi mimdinare movlenebis Sesaxeb
informacias awvdida. ibeWdeboda werilebi somxeTis istoriisa da
kulturis Sesaxeb. gamocema vrceldeboda rogorc estoneTSi, aseve,
somxeTSi, sadac igzavneboda tiraJis naxevari. gazeTs xelismomwerebi
hyavda saqarTveloSi, ruseTSi, safrangeTSi da sxv.
araoficialuri monacemebiT, estoneTis respublikaSi daaxloebiT
2 000 somexi cxovrobs (grigoriani 2000: 51).
bolo periodSi nacionaluri organizaciebis umravlesobis mier
gamoica sainformacio bukletebi, romlebic maTi warmoSobis qveynis
kulturas acnobs sazogadoebas da sareklamo xasiaTs atarebs. xolo
maTi aqtivobebis Sesaxeb informacia, ZiriTadad, eleqtronul
gverdebze Tavsdeba.
161
eleqtronuli media estoneTSi mcxovrebi
eTnikuri jgufebisaTvis
saqarTvelos sruluflebian da sagangebo elCs estoneTis
respublikaSi, r. abaSiZes miaCnia, rom Jurnal `mamulis~ gamocema
qveynis moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT Sewyda: `Jurnali saintereso da
aqtualuri iyo, Tumca Tanamedrove moTxovnebi qveyanaSi sxvaa. qveynis
specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT Tu visaubrebT, misaRebia informaciis
gacvlis eleqtronuli saSualebebi. bunebrivia, media unda arsebobdes
beWdviTi saxiTac. UCvens SemTxvevaSi ufro Sedegiani iqneba, rom
yuradReba mivaqcioT eleqtronul medias.~
`qarTuli saxlis~ xelmZRvaneli m. samxaraZe acxadebs: `estoneTSi
diasporis didi umravlesoba internetTan mwyraladaa. eleqtronuli
saxiT informaciis miwodebas ver vaxerxebT. ra Tqma unda, aq axali
Taoba mxolod am saxiT urTierTobs, samwuxarod, isini diasporis
saqmianobaSi aqtiurad ar arian CarTulni. mimaCnia, rom momavali
eleqtronul medias aqvs, rac Cvens gaaqtiurebasac moiTxovs.~
estoneTis kulturis saministros kulturuli mravalferovnebis
departamenis ufrosi specialisti e. Juriari-osipovi ambobs, rom
kulturis saministros mxardaWeriT nacionaluri organizaciebisTvis
Seiqmna eleqtronuli gverdi _ www.etnoweb.ee , romelSic qveyndeba
informacia eTnikuri jgufebis aqtivobebis Sesaxeb. rogorc Cans,
xelmisawvdomobis TvalsazrisiT saxelmwifo struqturebSi beWdviT
gamocemebs araefeqturad miiCneven. `Jurnal-gazeTebis beWdva finansur
sakiTxebs ukavSirdeba, tiraJi yvelas ver swvdeba... dRes eleqtronuli
media maqsimalurad yvelasTvis xelmisawvdomia. viTvaliswinebT ra
eTnikur jgufebSi profesionalebis naklebobas, maTTvis specialuri
samoqalaqo Jurnalistikis kursic SevimuSaveT~, _ aRniSnavs e. Juriari-
osipovi. veb-gverdi samenovania (estonuri, rusuli, inglisuri).
samoqalaqo Jurnalistikis skolis saswavlo kursis avtorebi
arian fsiqologiis, internet-teqnologiebis sferos warmomadgenlebi.
162
televiziis, eleqtronuli da beWdviTi gamocemebis Jurnalistebi: ivane
toodo (estoneTis tele-radio mauwyeblobis korporaciis (ERR) video-
operatori, memontaJe), ana gudim (mravalprofiluri Jurnalisti),
aleqsandre guJovi (fotoJurnalisti), natalia kitami (Jurnalisti,
sazogado moRvawe, proeqt www.etnoweb.ee -s avtori da xelmZRvaneli).
aRniSnuli saswavlo kursisTvis miznobrivi jgufi kompleqtdeba
estoneTis moqalaqeobis armqone pirebisa da im qveynebis warmomad-
genlebisagan, romlebic ar arian evrokavSiris wevrebi. proeqts mxars
uWeren evropuli fondi, estoneTis kulturis saministro da
integraciisa da migraciis fondi `Cveni xalxi~. swavleba onlain
reJimSi mimdinareobs. saswavlo masala atvirTulia veb-gverdze.
www.etnoweb.ee –ze qarTuli organizaciebis Sesaxeb, statistikuri
monacemebis garda, ganTavsebulia informacia maT mier organizebuli
RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb.
eTnikuri organizaciebis sainformacio gverdi exmianeba qarTul-
estonuri organizacia `bagratis~ iniciativiT gamarTul Sexvedras,
romelsac uZRvebodnen: organizaciis xelmZRvaneli timofei basilaSvi-
li da qeTevan palelaSvili. `RonisZiebaze organizaciis xelmZRva-
nelma sazogadoebas gaacno samuSao garemo, saRamoze waikiTxes
qarTuli leqsebi, naCvenebi iyo qarTuli kulturis, wes-Cveulebebis
Sesaxeb momzadebuli qarTuli filmi. saRamoze popularizacia gaewia
qarTul Rvinosa da samzareulos~ (www.etnoweb.ee). veb-gverdze
ganTavsebulia sveticxovlobis Sesaxeb informacia, taZris istoria da
qarTuli organizaciebis milocva. aseve, informacia ukraineli da
qarTveli qalebis Sexvedris Sesaxeb.
estoneTis nacionaluri umciresobebis asociacia `lira~-s
ofiacialuri veb-misamarTia www.lyra.ee.
veb-gverdi orenovania (estonur-rusuli). aq Tavmoyrilia masalebi
estoneTSi mcxovrebi im eTnikuri jgufebis Sesaxeb, romlebic
imavdroulad asociaciis wevrebic arian. asociaciaSi daaxloebiT 58
163
nacionaluri organizaciaa gaerTianebuli. gverdze maT Sesaxeb mokle
informaciuli da sakontaqto monacemebia mowodebuli. aseve, arsebobs
rubrikebi: siaxleni, skola, galerea, `lurji frinvelis gadafrena~
(festivali). gverdze ganTavsebulia informacia kavSirSi Semavali
qarTuli organizaciebis Sesaxeb: `qarTuli folkloruli ansambli
`mamuli~ 2003 wels daarsda. ansamblis repertuarSia qarTuli
xalxuri simRerebi. ansamblma monawileoba miiRo folklorul
festival `baltikaSi~ (2003, 2005 da 2007 ww.), aseve asociacia `liras~
mier organizebul festivalebSi. xolo sabavSvo ansambli monawilea
festivalebisa: `Мисс Väike Lüüra~, `lurji frinveli~ da `msoflios
garSemo Zveli qalaqidan gausvlelad~. organizaciis Tavmjdomarea
givi mamuCaraSvili.~ (www.lyra.ee)
`2008 wels kavkasiuri kulturuli sazogadoeba `baTumi~ daarsda.
sazogadoebis mizania, Semoikribos aWaridan wamosuli Tanamemamuleebi.
Tavmjdomare suliko-valerian wuwunava~ (www.lyra.ee).
164
Nnawili V
paralelisaTvis: inglissa da germaniaSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis
perioduli gamocemebi _ Jurnali `Tanamemamule~ da
gazeTi `axali iveria~
Jurnal `Tanamemamules~ pirveli nomeri 2003 wlis 26 maiss
germaniaSi gamoica. axalgazrdebi: zaza mesxi, nino xabelaSvili, uCa
gogiSvili `mebrZoli saqarTvelos~ redaqtoris, karlo inasariZis,
daxmarebiT Seudgnen qarTuli emigraciuli Jurnalis gamocemas.
`Tanamemamule~ pirveli ori nomris Semdeg inglisSi ibeWdeboda.
perioduloba orTviani SualediT ganisazRvra.
`emigraciul saqarTveloSi~ `Tanamemamule~ erTaderTi gamocema
iyo, romelSic religiis, saqarTvelos istoriisa da saymawvilo
rubrikis garda ZiriTadad ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi da moRvawe
qarTvelebis korespondenciebi ibeWdeboda. maTi TvalTaxedva sakuTar
yofaze mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeboda emigraciis Temebze momuSave
Jurnalistebis Sefasebebisagan. sakorespondencio qseli msoflios 20
qveyanas moicavda: TurqeTi, azerbaijani, irani, germania, safrangeTi,
didi britaneTi, aSS, espaneTi, CexeTi, holandia da sxv.; avtorebi:
qeTevan ruhi (xanTaZe) (TurqeTi), soso onikaSvili (irani), nino
yuloSvili (qurmuxeli) (azerbaijani), medea TuSmaliSvili
(safrangeTi), oTar patariZe (safrangeTi), givi TaqTaqiSvili
(holandia), manana odiSeli (inglisi), sofio TabukaSvili (kanada),
giorgi quTaTelaZe (kanada), giorgi laliaSvili (inglisi), sandro
klimiaSvili (inglisi), qeTi CalaTaSvili (ruseTi), irine javaxaZe (aSS)
da sxv.; korespondentTa umravlesoba saredaqcio jgufis wevrebi
iyvnen. `Tanamemamule~ saqarTveloSic vrceldeboda.
„Tanamemamule“ saqvelmoqmedo Jurnali iyo. redaqtori
imedovnebda, rom Jurnalis xelmomwerTa daxmarebiT sazRvargareT
emigraciis Semswavlel sainformacio-analitikur centrs Seqmnida.
165
Jurnals saintereso rubrikebi hqonda _ `aqtualuri sakiTxebis~
avtorebi ZiriTadad mecnierebis sxvadasxva sferos eqspertebi iyvnen.
qarTveli emigrantebi samSoblos teritoriuli mTlianobisaTvis
nafiqrs uziarebdnen auditorias rubrikaSi `afxazeTi Cemi~. mkiTxvels
saSualeba hqonda, emigrantTa dRiuris Canawerebidan amonaridebs
gacnoboda (`qarTvelebi ucxoeTSi~). aq yvelaze metad vlindeboda
samSoblosagan Sors myofi Cveni Tanamemamuleebis gancdebi... rubrike-
bidan `saqarTvelos megobrebi~ da `xelovneba da kultura~ mkiTxveli
Seityobda sazRvargareT arsebuli qarTuli SemoqmedebiTi jgufebis
moRvaweobis Sesaxeb. Cveni Tanamemamuleebi sakuTari warmatebebis Sesa-
xebac iwerebodnen... gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia redaqciis
mcdeloba, ucxoeTSi dabadebuli qarTveli bavSvebi Seeguebina mSo-
bliur enasa da xalxur poezias. redaqcia iyenebda qarTul asomTav-
rul anbans, ornamentebs; amiT surda, mkiTxveli sakuTar kulturasTan
daeaxlovebina... Jurnali poligrafiuli TvalsazrisiT daxvewili iyo.
`Tanememamules~ devizi iyo ilias sityvebi: `marad da yvelgan
saqarTvelov, me var SenTana!~
2007 wels Jurnal `Tanamemamules~ ramdenime nomeri saqarTveloSi,
gamomcemloba `inteleqtSi~, daibeWda.
Jurnals redaqtori afinansebda. 2009 wels ramdenime nomeri
diasporis sakiTxebSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifo ministris aparatis
finansuri mxardaWeriT daibeWda. 2010 wels Jurnalis gamocema Sewyda.
gazeTi `axali iveria~ (germania) 2005 wlis ianvaridan 2008 wlamde
gamodioda. redaqtori _ jimSer bedianaSvili. vrceldeboda rogorc
evropaSi, ise ruseTSi, ukrainaSi, baltiispireTSi, amerikasa da
avstraliaSi. igzavneboda rogorc Cveulebrivi, ise – eleqtronuli
fostiT. gazeTi aSuqebda saqarTveloSi mimdinare kulturul
movlenebs, aseve germaniaSi mcxovrebi Tanamemamuleebis aqtivobebs.
gamocemaSi adgili eTmoboda religiur istoriul da sabavSvo Temebs.
166
gazeTis korespondentebi iyvnen: esma mania, giorgi merebaSvili, nino
yuloSvili (qurmuxeli), mzexa maxaraZe da sxv.
2007 wels `axali iveria~ gansxvavebuli formatiT gamoica, rac
gapirobebuli iyo `Cveneburebis~ saerTaSoriso festivalis
organizatorebTan SeTanxmebiT, rom erToblivad gamoecaT perioduli
Jurnali. SeTanxmeba ver Sedga, ramac gazeTis gamocema SeaCera. jimSer
bedianaSvilis survilia gamocema aRadginos, Tundac eleqtronuli
gverdis saxiT.
167
nawili VI
saerTaSoriso geopolitika da nacionaluri diaspora
qveynebs Soris urTierTobisas politikosebi xSirad diasporis
gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iTvaliswineben. isini diasporas ganixil-
aven rogorc diplomatiuri balansis saSualebas. aRniSnuli diploma-
tiuri berketi swored maSin iwyebs moqmedebas, roca yvela sxva
saSualeba amowurulia. am TvalsazrisiT, sainteresoa saqarTvelos
urTierToba im qveynebTan, romlebSic Cveni Tanamemamuleebi cxovroben.
Cven mier ganxilul qveynebs Soris azerbaijani da estoneTi,
saqarTvelos msgavsad, post-sabWoTa sivrcis nawilia. 2004 wlidan
estoneTis respublika evrokavSiris wevri gaxda. am TvalsazrisiT,
estoneTSi mcxovrebi nacionaluri diasporisaTvis integraciis
procesi samsafexuriania: integracia sakuTar eTnikur jgufebSi,
integracia sxvadasxva nacionalur sazogadoebebTan, maT Soris,
dominant eTnosTan da evrointegracia.
kvlevis geografiuli arealis gaTvaliswinebiT, gvsurs aRvniSnoT,
rom azerbaijanTan da TurqeTTan gvaqvs sasazRvro urTierToba da
Tanamemamuleebi swored sademarkacio zolSi mosaxleoben. bunebrivia,
lokalurad nacionaluri aqtivobebi qveynebis usafrTxoebis
samsaxurebis mier kontroldeba (inogenuri konfliqtis safrTxe).
azerbaijani saqarTvelos strategiuli partnioria, qveynebi
TanamSrmoloben energetikis, satransporto, turizmis, ekonomikis,
sabanko-safinanso, soflis meurneobis, kulturis, sportis,
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis, agreTve sxva mniSvnelovan sferoebSi.
kavkasiis regionis stabilurobisaTvis azerbaijanisa da saqarTve-
los keTilmezobluri urTierToba metad mniSvnelovania. aRniSnuli
TvalsazrisiT, azerbaijanSi arsebul qarTul diasporas, rogorc
saxalxo diplomatiis wyaros, gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba.
aseve, saxelmwifoebs Soris saerTaSoriso balansis SenarCunebis
saSualebas iZleva saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi azerbaijanuli diaspora.
168
azerbaijanis respublikaSi, kerZod, belaqanis, zaqaTalisa da kaxis
raionebSi qarTvelebi avtoxtonur mosaxleobas warmoadgenen, saqarT-
veloSi, qvemo qarTlSi, azebaijanelebi kompaqturad mosaxleoben.
eTnikuri mikroregionebi ZiriTadad sabWoTa kavSiris periodSi
Seiqmna. post-sabWoTa realobaSi qveynebs Soris sademarkacio xazebi
Seicvala da bevr SemTxvevaSi Ria konfliqtSi gadaizarda (afxazeTi,
samaCablo, yarabaxi). kavkasiis regionSi mSvidobisa da stabilurobi-
saTvis gasaTvaliswinebelia saxalxo diplomatiis amouwuravi
SesaZleblobebi.
TurqeTTan mimarTebaSi qarTuli warmoSobis moqalaqeebi qveynis
SigniT Sida migraciaSi arian da maTi nacionaluri aqtivobebi TiTqmis
ganeitralebulia.
saqarTvelos sagareo politikuri qmediTobis xarisxi
aRmosavleTis qveynebTan mimarTebaSi bolo periodSi gaaqtiurda _
daiwyo axali strategiuli partniorebis Zebna. jer TurqeTTan, Semdeg
CrdiloeT kavkasiasTan, bolo dros ki iranTan dawesda uvizo reJimi,
romelic 2011 wlidan amoqmedda. amas win uZRoda Tbilissa da Teirans
Soris pirdapiri aviareisebis daniSvna.
saqarTvelo-irans Soris savizo reJimis gauqmeba qarTvelma
diplomatebma dadebiTad Seafases da usafuZvlod miaCniaT eWvi imis
Sesaxeb, rom iranTan urTierTobis es forma saqarTvelos
saxelmwifos ganviTarebis strategiuli veqtorisTvis Seusabamo
iqneba. qarTveli politologebi aRniSnuli faqtis gamo aSS-
saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobis daZabvas gamoricxaven. irani
energomatareblebiT mdidari qveyanaa. mas seriozuli samxedro-
samrewvelo infrastruqtura aqvs, amitom am mimarTulebiTac
saqarTvelosTvis irani kargi partniori iqneba.
faqtia, rom aSS-is Zalisxmevis gadarTvam eraysa da avRaneTze,
ekonomikurma krizisma da sxva araerTma movlenam bevr msxvil poli-
tikur moTamaSe-saxelmwifos imedi Causaxa. am ormxrivma procesma ki,
169
regionuli gavlenis centrebis moZliereba da win wamoweva gamoiwvia,
rac badebs axal ambiciebs msxvili regionuli liderebis rolze.
aseT pirobebSi saqarTvelos mouwevs lavireba regionSi, sadac
lideris rolze pretenzias ramdenime msxvili moTamaSe acxadebs.
Tumca, imavdroulad, Cveni usafrTxoebis strategiis gadaxedvac
gvmarTebs. aravin icis, rogori iqneba momavali msoflio wesrigi:
TurqeTi miiswrafvis aRmosavluri samyaros liderobisken, raTa
axal gamowvevebs mobilizebuli Sexvdes; sagareo politikuri
balansis mimarTulebiT aqtiuria azerbaijani; irani, Tavis mxriv,
aranaklebi ambiciebis mqone qveyanaa. aRsaniSnavia, rom iranis
interesebi regionSi mxolod amerikuls ar kveTs, missave interesebSia
ruseTis mier kavkasiis upirobo kontrolis aRkveTa. mxedvelobaSia
misaRebi iranis energetikuli gavlena. am situaciaSi iranis faqtoris
ignorireba dauSvebelia.
saqarTvelos dRes axali msoflio wesrigis formirebis
zedmiwevniT rTul periodSi uwevs cxovreba. estoneTis respublika,
romelmac baltiis qveynebTan erTad Tavi daaRwia ruseTis gavlenas
da dRes evropis sruluflebiani wevria, saqarTvelos evropul da
evroatlantikur struqturebSi integraciis TvalsazrisiT
daaxloebas xels uwyobs.
aRsaniSnavia, rom Cveni sagareo politikis mTavar problemad
dRemde rCeboda veqtorebis daubalansebloba.
gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom saqarTvelo-iranis, saqarTvelo-
TurqeTisa da saqarTvelo-azerbaijanis urTierTobis sakiTxebSi
mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs qarTuli diaspora. mniSvnelovania,
diasporis Temam ganicados transformacia da saxalxo diplomatiis
wyarod iqces.
170
daskvna
sadisertacio naSromSi mizanmimarTulad SevexeT im problemebs,
romelTa mogvareba TiToeul SemTxvevaSi diasporis
warmomadgenlebisaTvis aucilebelia.
Cven mier ganxiluli perioduli gamocemebisTvis saerTo
erovnuli interesebia. eri, erovneba, erovnuli interesebi da
solidaroba umniSvnelo frazebi rodia. sazogadoebis azri
erTmniSvnelovania, ganviTarebis mTavar winapirobad erovnuli
niadagis arseboba miiCneva. bunebrivia, TviTgamorkvevis uflebis
realizebis sakiTxi eqtremizmSi ar gadadis. gamocemebi, ZiriTadad,
politkoreqtulia. redaqciebi TviTcenzuriT xelmZRvaneloben.
TiToeuli gamocemis konkretuli amocana cvalebadia droisa da
sivrcis gaTvaliswinebiT. azerbaijanis qarTvelebis mier momzadebuli
perioduli gamocemebis SemTxvevaSi mesveurebi mTavar miznad
mkiTxvelTa inteletualur-zneobriv aRzrdas, maT gamoRviZebasa da
amoqmedebas isaxaven. TurqeTsa da iranSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis
SemTxvevaSi gamocemebis amocanaa adgilsamyofeli da warmoSobis
qveynebis daaxloeba kulturul-ekonomikur, saganmanaTleblo,
politikur asparezze. evropis qveynebis qarTuli diasporuli
gamocemebi eTnikuri identobis SenarCunebisaken da mimReb qveynebSi
saqarTvelos Rirseuli wardgenisaken aris mimarTuli.
`Jurnalistika cxovrebis mesaWea!~ _AaRniSnuli TvalsazrisiT,
diasporuli gamocemebis organizatorebi sazogadoebis TiToeul
wevrs met-naklebad gaaqtiurebis saSualebas aZlevs. `adamiani pasiuri
mWvreteli rodia, igi TviTon qmnis da asxvaferebs cxovrebas. es ki
gulisxmobs sinamdvilis Seswavlis aucileblobas~ (tabiZe 1977: 8).
Jurnalistikis Teoretikosebi miiCneven, rom `erT SemTxvevaSi
gazeTis mTavari movaleobaa mkiTxvelTa inteleqtualur-zneobrivi
aRzrda, maTi gamoRviZeba da amoqmedeba. meore SemTxvevaSi ki,
gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca es safexuri daZleulia, presis amocana
171
rTuldeba da farTovdeba. igi `asparezia sxvadasxva cxovrebis
kavSirTa da ZalTa brZolisa~ (tabiZe 1977: 8). Cven mier Seswavlili
Jurnal-gazeTebis SemTxvevaSi, samwuxarod, mesveurebi Tanmimdevrulni
ver arian. aRmosavleTis qveynebSi maT politikuri koniunqtura ar
aZlevs amis saSualebas.
presa inteleqtualuri simwifis maCveneblad miiCneva, saWiroebis
SemTxvevaSi _ mZlavr ideologiur iaraRadac. rasakvirvelia,
diasporuli media mmarTveli wreebis yuradRebis centrSic xvdeba.
xelisuflebis ideologia mimarTulia strategiul TanamSromlobasa
da mSvidobiani geopolitikuri garemos Seqmnisken, integraciasa da
samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Camoyalibebisken. evropis qveynebis
diasporuli media TviTkontrolirebadi xasiaTisaa,
politkoreqtulia. bunebrivia, istoriul diasporaSi arsebul presas
xelisuflebis sawinaaRmdego ideebi ar gaaCnia. maT mier
TviTcenzuris pirobebSi gaSuqebuli problemebi warmoadgens
socialur winaaRmdegobebs, subieqtebis mier Semecnebuls rogorc
maTTvis mniSvnelovan Seusabamobas, arsebulsa da saWiros, sasurvelsa
da realurs, moRvawobis miznebsa da Sedegebs Soris. evropaSi
mcxovrebi Tanamemamuleebis periodika ZiriTadad eTnikuri jgufis
Sekvrisken da erovnuli kulturis adgilsamyofeli qveynisTvis
wardgenisken aris mimarTuli.
diasporuli media gansxvavebul Jurnalistikas gvTavazobs.
diasporul gamocemebSi SexvdebiT axal, specifikur literaturul
diskurss, romelic „ucxoobaSi“ emigrantuli cxovrebis aRqmiTaa
gapirobebuli; icvleba damokidebuleba Jurnalisturi Janrebisa da
mediis funqciebisadmi. diasporuli gamocemebi axal sakvlev masalas
gvTavazobs. bunebrivia, es garemoeba problemis istoriografiis
kuTxiT Sesaswavladac sainteresoa.
172
subkulturis gansazRvrisas gaTvaliswinebulia masobrivi
komunikaciebis saSualebebis, rogorc ideologiuri marTvis
instrumentis, mniSvneloba.
nacionalur (warmoSobis qveyana) an adgilobriv (mimRebi qveyana)
presaSi iSviaTad ibeWdeba publikaciebi diasporis, sxvadasxva
eTnikuri jgufis nacionaluri aqtivobebis Sesaxeb, an is mxolod
aRweriT xasiaTs atarebs. Tavad eTnikuri jgufis mier gamocemuli
periodika gansxvavebul wiaRsvlebs gvTavazobs.
diasporuli mediateqsti mgrZnobiare da tendenciuria.
mikerZoebuloba ganpirobebulia imiT, rom gamocema ZiriTadad
organizaciis farglebSi mzaddeba da asaxavs saTvistomos aqtivobebs,
gviCvenebs organizaciis samoqmedo veqtors. tendenciurobas isic
iwvevs, rom publikaciis avtori movlenebis epicentrSia, subieqtia. ver
xdeba faqtis ganzogadeba, analizi. teqstebis Seswavla gvarwmunebs,
rom diasporul gamocemebSi publikaciebi, rogorc wesi, gapirovne-
bulia da gviCvenebs avtoris sulier mdgomareobasa da emigrantuli
cxovrebis detalebs. diasporuli perioduli gamocema esaa erTgvari
tribuna, romelic Sida komunikaciis paralelurad eTnikur
sazogadoebas procesebSi maqsimaluri CarTulobisaTvis sWirdeba.
saxelmwifo politikis mixedviT gansazRvruli diasporuli
mediaaqtivobebi integracias emsaxureba, xolo Tavad diasporuli
gamocemebi _ pirvel rigSi, eTnikur identifikacias.
Tavad diaspora medias axal miznebs usaxavs: Jurnal
`Tanamemamules~ (inglisi, 2003-2010) SemTxvevaSi saredaqcio politika
msoflio diasporis gaerTianebas cdilobda. aRniSnul gamocemasTan
Tanamemamuleebi msoflios sxvadasxva qveynidan TanamSromlobdnen.
ibeWdeboda publikaciebi diasporis iniciativebis Sesaxeb.
sainformacio masalebis gverdiT didi adgili eTmoboda analitikur
statiebs. gazeT `axali iveriis~ (germania, 2005-2008) mizani iyo
germaniis qarTuli sazogadoebis Semokreba da erTian erovnul
173
sivrceSi moqceva. gazeTSi ganTavsebuli statiebi exmianeboda
warmomavlobisa da adgilsamyofel qveynebSi mimdinare movlenebs.
gazeT `moambes~ (azerbaijani, 1990-1991) istoriuli diasporis
problemebis asaxva da mis aRmosafxvrelad sazogadoebis CarTulobis
iniciativa hqonda. qarTul-Turqulenovani Jurnali `firosmani~
(TurqeTi, 2007-2010) ori qveynis kulturas acnobs auditorias. iranis
qarTvelebis mier gamocemuli sainformacio biuletenebi qarTuli
enisa da damwerlobis, erovnuli kulturis Tanamemamuleebamde mitanas
cdilobs. estoneTSi qarTul saTvistomo `mamulis~ rusulenovani
Jurnali, aseve `mamuli~ (2000-2002) saimijo xasiaTs atarebs da
adgilobriv auditoriazea gaTvlili.
diasporuli gamocemebis naratiul xasiaTs gansazRvravs
garkveuli droisa da sivrcis faqtorebi, damokidebulia
garemofaqtorebzec. am specifikuri masmediis teqstualuri analizi
gvaZlevs diasporis mier danaxuli samyaros suraTs. am SemTxvevaSi
lingvistika sociologiur, istoriografiul datvirTvas iZens.
eTnikuri jgufebis gamocemebis avtorebi xSir SemTxvevaSi
araprofesionalebi arian, Sesabamisad, gvxvdeba primitiuli midgoma
Jurnalisturi Janrebis mimarT. masalaTa umravlesoba intervius an
informaciis saxiT ibeWdeba. diasporuli mediasaSualebebiT ZiriTadad
realizebulia Jurnalistikis patriotuli, saganmanaTleblo da
organizaciuli funqciebi.
diasporuli mediis auditorias sazRvravs adgilsamyofeli qveyana.
magaliTad, italiasa da saberZneTSi qarTvelebi SromiTi migrantebi
arian, germaniasa da estoneTSi ki _ ZiriTadad studentebi. es faqtori
gamokveTs asakobriv jgufebsa da interesTa sferoebsac. xSir
SemTxvevaSi, ucxoeTSi dabadebuli TaobisTvis, romelic bi-kulturis
matarebelia eTnikuri identifikaciis sakiTxebi iseTi aqtualuri ar
aris, rogorc, Tundac misi mSoblebisTvis. subkulturis SenarCunebis
174
sakiTxSi axali Taoba simboluri monawilea, gansakuTrebiT Sereuli
ojaxebis warmomadgenlebis SemTxvevaSi.
saidentifikaciod diasporuli mediasaSualebebi ZiriTadad
qarTul enaze gamodis, Tumca vxvdebiT orenovan gamocemebs `firosma-
ni~ (TurqeTi) an mimRebi qveynis enaze `Ein blick Georgian~ (germania),
`Cveneburi~ (TurqeTi), an saurTierTo enaze gamocemul periodikasac
ki, qarTuli saTvistomos rusulenovani Jurnali `mamuli~ (estoneTi).
diasporaSi perioduli gamocemebis arseboba mniSvnelovania.
gansakuTrebiT im qveynebSi, sadac nacionaluri mediis
xelmisawvdomoba sxvadasxva mizezis gamo rTuldeba. diasporuli
mediis ganviTarebis sakiTxi subieqt saxelmwifoebs demokratiis
principebze dafuZnebuli TanamSromlobis mimarTulebasac sTavazobs.
aseve, diasporas, rogorc erTiani erovnuli sivrcis ganuyofel
nawils, gansakuTrebuli adgili unda daeTmos nacionalur mediaSi.
175
audiodanarTi 1 _ azerbaijanSi, TurqeTsa da iranSi mcxovrebi
Cveni Tanamemamuleebis yofa-cxovrebis amsaxveli fotoilustracia
(slaid-Sou).
audiodanarTi 2 _ saqarTvelos sapatriarqos radio `iveria~.
saavtoro gadacema `fesvebis~ Canawerebi.
176
sarCevi:
Sesavali ............................................................................................................................................................2
nawili I
hereTi _ istoriuli eqskursi ..................................................................................................25
saingilos qarTvelebis problemebi ..................................................................................35
saingilos qarTvelebis mier gamocemuli Jurnal-gazeTebi:
`mose janaSvilis sazogadoebis~ gazeTi `moambe~ .............................................38
gazeTi `Selale~ (`CanCqeri~) ....................................................................................................60
gazeTi `kaxi~ ..............................................................................................................................................61
gazeTi `sarkmeli~ ................................................................................................................................61
gazeTi `gzajvaredini~ .....................................................................................................................62
gazeTi `iavnana~ ......................................................................................................................................62
paralelisTvis: gazeTi `axali hereTi~ da radio `hereTi~......................63
saingilos sakiTxebi 2002-2003 wlebis presaSi .....................................................64
nawili II
TurqeTis saqarTvelo _ istoriuli eqskursi .....................................................90
TurqeTis qarTvelobis sainformacio resursebi ..............................................97
lazebi .............................................................................................................................................................98
qarTvelebi stambolSi da maTi sagamomcemlo moRvaweoba ....................107
TurqeTis qarTvelebis problemebi ..................................................................................111
TurqeTis qarTvelebis gamocemebi
Jurnali `Cveneburi~ ..........................................................................................................................116
Jurnali `firosmani~ ........................................................................................................................123
Jurnali `mamuli~ .................................................................................................................................132
nawili III
fereidani _ istoriuli eqskursi ......................................................................................133
informacia fereidneli qarTvelebis aqtualuri
problemebisa da iniciativebis Sesaxeb .....................................................137
fereidneli qarTvelebis mediaaqtiuroba .................................................................139
177
nawili IV
qarTvelebi estoneTis respublikaSi ...................................................................................148
diplomatiuri urTierTobebi saqarTvelosa da
estoneTis respublikas Soris ..........................................................................153
estonuri presa saqarTvelos Sesaxeb ..................................................................................154
Jurnali `mamuli~ .......................................................................................................................................158
eleqtronuli media estoneTSi mcxovrebi eTnikuri jgufebisaTvis.....162
nawili V
paralelisaTvis: inglissa da germaniaSi mcxovrebi qarTvelebis
perioduli gamocemebi _ Jurnali `Tanamemamule~ da gazeTi
`axali iveria~ ..................................................................................................................................165
nawili VI
saerTaSoriso geopolitika da nacionaluri diaspora ...................................168
daskvna ...................................................................................................................................................................171
damowmebani .......................................................................................................................................................179
178
damowmebani:
a) publikaciebi
abulaSvili 1990: abulaSvili i. rwmenis aRdgena. gaz. `moambe~, 1990, #2.
aTamaSvili 1990: aTamaSvili b. arqologiuri eqsponatebisa da
mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis daarsebis irgvliv. gaz. `moambe~, 1990, #3.
babajanaSvili 1990: babajanaSvili m. pirveli hereli kaci, romelmac
moiloca wminda ierusalimi. gaz. `moambe~, 1990, #2.
barixaSvili 1990: barixaSvili k. ...mimdinare wlis maisSi...; gaz. `moambe~,
1990, #1.
barixaSvili 1990: barixaSvili m. erTi Tandebulis gamo. gaz. `moambe~,
1990, #3.
gamxaraSvili 1990: gamxaraSvili i. feribiC-yalas Tavgadasavali. gaz.
`moambe~, 1990, #3.
daudovi 1990: daudovi (daTunaSvili) m. Cvenc qarTvelebi varT. gaz.
`moambe~, 1990, #3.
TofalaSvili 1990: TofalaSvili m. nu gvetyviT _ `qarTvelebi xarT?
gaz. `moambe~, 1990, #2.
mama ilarioni 1990: mimarTva, gaz. `moambe~, 1990, #2.
`moambe~ 1990: ingiloTa loRaTi. gaz. `moambe~, 1990, #1.
nuroSvili 1990: nuroSvili m. guli ver mokla mtris xelma. gaz.
`moambe~, 1990, #3.
nuroSvili 1991: nuroSvili m. Cven gvjera saingilos erTianobisa! gaz.
`moambe~, 1991, #4.
nuroSvili 1990: nuroSvili m. arCevnebi da Cveni pozicia. gaz. `moambe~,
1990, #3.
papiaSvili 1990: papiaSvili z. qarTuli xalxuri simReris pirveli
saerTaSoriso festivali TelavSi. gaz. `moambe~. 1990, #1.
saredaqcio 1990: saidan modis gaugebroba? g. moambe. 4, 1990
saredaqcio 1991: Ria werili baton vazgen oqrojanaSvils. g. moambe. 4,
1991
saredaqcio 1991: Cveni Teatri aTi wlisaa! g. moambe. 4, 1991
saredaqcio 1991: Teatrs ulocaven. g. moambe. 4, 1991
179
saredaqcio 1991: g. moambe. 4. 1991
saredaqcio 1991: Cveni Teatri aTi wlisaa! g. moambe. 4, 1991
saredaqcio 1990: eqneba Tu ara sof. alibeglos axali kulturis saxli.
g. moambe. 3, 1990
saredaqcio 1990: iliaobaze. g. moambe. 3, 1990
saredaqcio 1991: Cveni Teatri aTi wlisaa! g. moambe. 4, 1991
saredaqcio 1990: qvelmoqmedeba. g. moambe. 2, 1990
saredaqcio 1990: informacia. g. moambe. 2, 1990
saredaqcio 1991: Cven xom erTi miwa-wylis Svilebi varT. g. moambe. 3,
1991
saredaqcio 1990: baTumis gazeTidan (1913w. #34; gv.: 3-4). samwuxaro ambavi.
g. moambe. 3, 1990
saredaqcio 1990: baTumis gazeTidan (1913w. #88; gv.: 2) nu iqneba `Cveuleba
sjulze umtkicesi. g. moambe. 2, 1990
saredaqcio 1990: g. moambe. 1, 1990
saredaqcio 1990: g. moambe. 1, 1990
samedova 1990: samedova f. Cemi sofeli. gaz. `moambe~, 1990, #3.
sakova 2005: sakova a. qarTvelebi gacvliTi programiT tartuSi. gaz.
`Universitas Tartunsis~ , 9.09.2005 (rusul enaze).
sakova 2005: sakova a. tartu _ mSvidobiani da mwvane qalaqi. gaz.
`Universitas Tartunsis~, 9.09.2005 (rusul enaze).
suyaSvili 1990: suyaSvili e. fiqri yvelas gvmarTebs. gaz. `moambe~, 1990,
#2.
faleva 2005: faleva u. estoneTis qarTvelebi, gaz. `estoneTis
xalgazrdoba~, 3.06.2005 rusul enaze
qitiaSvili 1990: qitiaSvili c. Sexvedra akakisTan. gaz. `moambe~, 1990,
#2.
qronika 1990: qarTuli xalxuri simReris saerTaSoriso festivali
TelavSi, gaz. `moambe~, 1990, #1.
yiyiSvili 1990: yiyiSvili h. gastrolebi dasavleT saqarTveloSi. gaz.
`moambe~, 1990, #3.
giunaSvili 2005: giunaSvili j. minadora xoStarias akldamis Sesaxeb
qalaq TeiranSi. gaz. `megobrobis macne~, 2005, #4.
180
giunaSvili 2005: giunaSvili j. fereidnel qarTvelebTan kulturuli
kavSiris gaRrmavebisaTvis. gaz. `megobrobis macne~, 2005, #4.
b) literatura
abaSvili 2009: abaSvili v. qarTuli enis ingilouri dialeqti. Tbilisi:
gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2009.
adamia 1979: adamia i. qarTuli xalxuri xuroTmoZRvreba (saingilo).
Tbilisi.: gamomcemloba `xelovneba~, 1979.
asociacia 2009: asociacia qarTuli kultura saqarTveloSi da mis
sazRvrebs gareT. kulturaTa dialogi da diaspora. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
„saqarTvelos macne“, 2009.
grigoriani 2000: grigoriani r. somxuri diaspora estoneTSi. narva: 2000.
rusul enaze
gamsaxurdia 2006: gamsaxurdia k. zviadis Ze. werilebi ucxoeTidan.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `saari~. 2006.
dumbaZe 1953: dumbaZe m. aRmosavleT kaxeTis (saingilos) istoriidan.
Tbilisi: saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis gamomcemloba. 1953.
vaJa-fSavela 1986: vaJa-fSavela. kosmopolitizmi da patriotizmi. _ vaJa-
fSavela. Txzulebani. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1986.
ingoroyva 1990: ingoroyva p. saqarTvelos teritoriis sazRvrebis
Sesaxeb. Tbilisi: rusTavelis sazogadoebis gamomcemloba `sarangi~, 1990.
isakovi 1969: Исаков С. Сквозъ годы и расстояния (estoneTisa da ukrainis,
saqarTvelosa da latviis kulturuli kavSirebis istoriidan. XIX s.
dasawyisi da XX saukune). talini: gamomcemloba `Ээsti raamat~, 1969.
viikbergi 1999: Виикберг И. Националъние менъшинства, групы и осколки. talini:
enciklopediuri gamocema, 1999.
kalandia 2005: kalandia T. 2000 lazuri sityva. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`artanuji~, 2005.
kalandia 2010: kalandia g. ahmed melaSvili _ CveneburTa beladi.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sezani~, 2010.
marjaniSvili 2005: marjaniSvili g. hereTi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`artanuji~, 2005.
181
mamardaSvili 1998: mamardaSvili m. leqciebi fsiqoanalizis Sesaxeb.
Tbilisi: mSvidobis, demokratiisa da ganviTarebis kavkasiuri instituti. 1998.
mamardaSvili 2007: merab mamardaSvili [krebuli]. Semdgeneli da
Sesavali werilis avtori T. mTibelaSvili. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`inteleqti~. 2007.
miwiSvili 2006: miwiSvili n. qarTuli qronika revoluciis droidan.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `inteleqti~, 2006.
ortega i gaseti 1993: ortega i gaseti x. masebis amboxi. Tbilisi:
gamomcemloba `xomli~, 1993.
papuaSvili 2008: papuaSvili T. saingilos istoriis narkvevebi. Tbilisi:
gamomcemloba `artanuji~, 2008.
samuSia 2003: samuSia j. sabWoTa kavSiris pretenziebi TurqeTisadmi.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `artanuji~, 2003.
siilivaska 1983: siilivaska k. `tartus universitetis istoria 1632-1982
ww.~ talini: gamomcemloba `periodika~, 1983 (rusul enaze).
sonRulaSvili 2005: sonRulaSvili a. iranSi qarTvelTa nakvalevze.
Tbilisi: saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis istoriisa da eTnologiis
instituti, 2005.
smiTi 2007: smiTi e. d. nacionaluri identoba. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`logos presi~, 2007.
tabiZe 1968: tabiZe n. narkvevebi qarTuli Jurnalistikis istoriidan.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1968.
tabiZe 1977: tabiZe n. ilia WavWavaZis `iveria~ (1877-1885). Tbilisi:
gamomcemloba `ganaTleba~, 1977.
tabiZe 1978: tabiZe n. werilebi mxatvrul-publicisturi ostatobis
Sesaxeb. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1978.
tabiZe 1969: tabiZe n. pirveli qarTuli gazeTi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1969.
tabiZe 1988: tabiZe n. ilia WavWavaZis publicistika. Tbilisi:
gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, 1988.
turaSvili 2005: turaSvili d. estonuri fotomoTxrobebi. Jurnali
`cxeli Sokoladi~, 2005, #8.
182
tyebuCava 1997: tyebuCava d. publicisturi teqstis Sinaarsobrivi
elementebi. Tbilisi: Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, 1997.
ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni 1973: ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni. Seadgina m.
WabaSvilma. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba „ganaTleba“. 1989.
futkaraZe 1993: futkaraZe S. Cveneburebis qarTuli. baTumi: aWaris
Jurnal-gazeTebis gamomcemloba, 1993.
fiqrebi 2006: fiqrebi saqarTveloze. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `inteleqti~,
2006.
qarTuli mwerloba 1990: vaxuSti bagrationi. aRwera samefosa
saqarTvelosa. _ qarTuli mwerloba (ocdaaT tomad). t. VIII (tomis
Semdgenelni: a. baqraZe, r. TvaraZe). Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `nakaduli~, 1990.
qarCxaZe 2005: qarCxaZe j. publicistika. Tbilisi: `gia qarCxaZis
gamomcemloba~, 2005.
RambaSiZe 1988: RambaSiZe r. qarTuli enis ingilouri kilos leqsikoni.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `ganaTleba~, 1988.
yuloSvili 2004: yuloSvili n. saingilos sakiTxebi 2002-2003 wlebis
presaSi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `inteleqti“, 2004.
SaraZe 2001: SaraZe g. qarTuli emigrantuli Jurnalistikis istoria. t. I–
II. Tbilisi: beWdviTi sityvis kombinati. 2001.
CiloRlu 2006: CiloRlu f. sasazRvro fiqrebi. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`artanuji~, 2006.
wereTeli 1990: wereTeli m. eri da kacobrioba. Tbilisi: Tbilisis
universitetis gamomcemloba, 1990.
WavWavaZe 1991: WavWavaZe i. amonaridi 1882 wlis martis `Sinauri
mimoxilvidan~ _ i. WavWavaZe. TxzulebaTa sruli krebuli (oc tomad). t. V
(kritika). teqsti gamosacemad moamzades, variantebi, SeniSvnebi da saZieblebi
daurTes e. SaraSeniZem, l. megreliSvilma, c. yifSiZem, l. SavguliZem da l.
WrelaSvilma. Tbilisi: `mecniereba~, 1991.
WanuyvaZe 1996: WanuyvaZe vl. politologia. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`bedia~, 1996.
WilaZe 1990: WilaZe o. 9 aprili. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `merani~, 1990.
WiWinaZe 2004: WiWinaZe z. qarTvelTa gamuslimeba. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`artanuji~, 2004.
183
WilaZe 2010: WilaZe o. ca miwidan iwyeba. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`inteleqti~, 2010.
xorava 2004: xorava b. afxazTa muhajiroba. Tbilisi: gamomcemloba
`artanuji~, 2004.
xoStaria 2005: xoStaria d. klarjeTis eklesiebi da monastrebi.
Tbilisi: gamomcemloba `artanuji~, 2005.
javaxiSvili... 1989: javaxiSvili i. surgulaZe p. listi p. istoriuli
raritetebi. Tbilisi: 1989.
janaSvili 2007: mose janaSvili _ 150 (konferenciis masalebi). Tbilisi:
gamomcemloba `artanuji~, 2007.
jobaZe 2006: jobaZe v. adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTuli monastrebi
istoriul taoSi, klarjeTsa da SavSeTSi. Tbilisi: 2006.
Корконосенко... 2004: Корконосенко С. Г. Блохин И. Н. Виноградова С. М. Кузин В. И.
Сидоров В.А. Журналистика в мире политики. С-Пб: 2004.
Чаптыкова 1997: Чаптыкова Т. Национальная диаспора как объект
этносоциологического исследования. М.: 1997.
g) gazeTebi
`axali epoqa~ (2002-2003).
`axali iveria~ (2005-2008).
`axali hereTi~ (2002-2003).
`gzajvaredini~ (2004).
`iavnana~ (2004).
`kaxi~ (2002-2003).
`kviris palitra~ (2010-2011).
`megobrobis macne~ (2004-2008).
`moambe~ (1990-1991).
`sarkmeli~ (2001 wlidan).
`saqarTvelos respublika~ (2002-2003).
`Selale~ (CanCqeri) (1931 wlidan).
`Cveni mwerloba~ (2002-2003).
`xidi~ (1993-2004).
`Кавказский Акцент~ (2002-2003).
184
d) Jurnalebi
`axali xidi~ (2002-2003).
`Tanamemamule~ (2003-2010) _ inglisi.
`iranis qarTvelebis pirveli sazogadoebriv-kulturuli Jurnali~ (2005-
2006).
`mamuli~ I-V (1997-1998) _ TurqeTi.
`mamuli~ I-III (2000-2002) _ estoneTi.
`omega~ (2002-2003).
`firosmani~ I-X (2005-2010).
`Cveneburi~ (1977-2002).
`Cveneburi~ (2007) (saerTaSoriso festival `Cveneburebis~ gamocema)
e) radiomauwyebloba:
iranis qarTuli radio.
radio `hereTi~.
v) eleqtronuli mediasaSualebebi:
www.diaspora.gov.ge
www.mfa.gov.ge
www.patriarkhate.ge
www.fereidani.ge
http://worldservice.irib.ir/
www.etnoweb.ee
www.lyra.ee
http://ka.wikipedia.org/
http://mediaofdiaspora.blogs.lincoln.ac.uk/
http://www.dissercat.com/content/natsionalnaya-diaspora-kak-obekt-
etnosotsiologicheskogo-issledovaniya
nino yuloSvili ©
185