transcript
'I WENT O H CY OF GOGRNGOS,
GUNS AN OURSC FAVELA
.
oo
m 00 s m s y Rio d Janiro, Bril's os popl inaioal ist desaon
Ater haing ng D ying n e and ng enaged y s w had dne bfore
Susa d her hubad deidd to pay U$35 00 d go on a favela to On her v
v ay d wcnt t Cy Gd 4-yeold shae wa h xpericnd dg a wa ng ad
ra st' hcr de o Ro.I Enouaging cs jn a a s 3 "ot to be
yeuis r dpessg' Susa goes no dets:
Ou gid explnd ( . w wr pfy t he] wod not advs ng u h y uclv
nd s wandeng d. Tee dnty wec g ates in thc favelas ..) hy wr ery
protve of their e elpl o tsc wn, did no ny tcnc n t way ey n
e busne. A t Ie esdns enete o Fava T y e a elg hnats ( . ) We
ought a p! o ng t ers in gop og nng and ther wa n had el a a. Ar w
c is il gop of stl . ) we c1mbed to thc p on a roo m he yo
old c a round e ava an ars o ( trc wa n feing o na r hrcat.
had n n anyg at a, no bag r amra ( .. as no oer temptation (
.. . '
ava i genec n gven to hghly ouatd ggomeraon whih emge Rio e
aly twnt cenry comosd of sbsanr housng say built on land not od
by etr Nowaday i ts in Bra for poor egegaed aa
ine cy nd t is úft sn condictoy a an a of soldaty and
sOcabty, bt whr olce, assoatd o dg delng, presen evryay
]f Vlladars 008: 2). Though moble tchnologs whch incud bo
physcal ad ral vls th favea becom capab f oerng ntaonal stors
mos tsg pag: nold i cob with a d ene of advntre he opoty o
acg a conced ci (by upposely conitng o he cnoc dvopent f a
poo and no mporat a beatl viw of ciy aued om above.
Sus, howevr d no sit e real Cty of God (Cad e Dus)2 bu
Roc, a ighbohoo od n h toui maket a e rgst avela L Ameica.'
While Rocna is loated he ch Souh Zon on a hill hat ovrlook
severa ost aaons Cidad d sd i hozoay on he we ges o ty day no
pca w of the ocean, is not blessed by e ight of e fmous
Chs Redee Sa Ronha aac an avage of 35 hoand tatonal sitos e
month, Cidad de eus ha nevr magd o lac sel as tos
esnaon Weve tred but its too from e ma hotels Une
Rocnha it dosn ow for e const of the hav ad have-not i o sg
fo e gingo ( ) To b fank w you Cidad de es i js la gy'
explained to me a tou opraor og bss Ro fo ov de And ye e ti
nratve Rocna ad Cidade de Deu, te turc favea and cemac favela
of " (R 002) al faves Ro ey od mg magnay geography d bcome
one.
e dcsiv upoion bewe te inema fava and he touiic favea Rinha i ot
csiv to u A log aia shot o Rociha agh e ye of a fascnated Roger E
(008 n ! view of Th d Hk (US 2008) drced by Fechman Li teer fo
h h SuT
Ths i h ' f eighoood d nealy a I oul tl, we e loog a hc
e hing ot CGI. e eto ts th sho ru on longr ay
eaonable requmt of e lot; my bet S h ws a atoshd as I wa
nd let í becu it i o dand mg.
The s touit te US cc t Frech lm-mk h tatona audis y ae l
astonis Doubts abot e mtalty of a da maing viw e s aed i it
real o a compr geneated mag In other words a chot urban o
rly exst? Witn h globl mdiaca Apadua 1996), awes to tes
eson wch lately evolv aoude ontology ofe favea have becm mo
d moe depdnt no ly fo e et of prentatos oeed by t
lm ded by Feno Mells d core by Kaa Ld
NO, N N OUR 23
tannnl c indus. 3 Feor, aco rdi g to lI whom I iviwd
du g ee-y-Io g soooaphic e p roc: o e pduc h v
d sh damatc mpac o -ow the fv is ohsd pfomd and osud s a
t aacio 5
mpd o dms OD preous oppos F rere-Medos 2008, 2009 a o favea an
oly sust wle bg p oe d o glol n v and practs a re-sf
povty s object f o co po capabl of
rcng ss oudris d dsts Ha 2002; o the o of expasi te
scaUd rty trs whch prse dect nd se ontac under ose pcvsio o
prossiol vennl w ma rrtOs dJzdte r opite f te wod e os
oms om. H I ce e g how t
rlckg t eolos of ci m
rep res io y G d o is m
pracce ( to n Ro a odepd o e elabat wh is drsood o '
avea w e glo magao.
n bis m ysis of t deates ad e ctral f Ciy of God ook
cogpy d m Bra Pal Jrge Ri bei ro (005 dmoss hw
it was t ud nto dispd goud p wi soi
ors met o dsss pt, pcs d fute of e 6 sprd pmy y
m ds om soi vemt ad NGO ss, sids o vous avlas ad
stds om di r t sees repsnies om te
gvert ad phop movmns mmes d lm nd pias of I pdigccs
dedcd ir ocpos o if i Bzis meopois drg trag d vo e Soy e
so ouds w nyss o y ! Comig om de dpa at prsg o dsapprvíg l,
BzíH s wc -raza aurs hav used h s platf
I
o disss e aest ad po chces w Bal Cn, soi d ec
i u t, lce wth cemry síe mre geal t es .
Te pres c mps o b og cbt o edy owdd ed of vesgo y
fousi g o e ss dcio s yGt mge upo a vry spccc god. expi
dao gue w t ew mbes paradgm Sheller d Ury 006 y 2007 d i fous
ecolo gi mdio ive eader a thugh o Ra whr os v
hav be pd c te al 1990s wi a sga inces ft y G' io cse i ely
2003. W l foow sps of som m d wm wh h ve spo eousy
mcoed e lm teir a os of th vea hcy xed hi g o
o h c gs oiy es Td t tR orism Bea7 C is o exa hw far r
derstdg of wh 'favea s despi bei g asd
rs had ous i reld a daed oos eed upo im
fv of C9 G whle givig r legiac
t o i
r w st ur t s O ccg wh fv uss mgh bg
w em om ham
o 'City o o
4 LN AMN L
refere to e ms mmcy, e ogia s of a coseao of a syls, a
docmnry to musíc vdeo, ad te nerwaig af damac tecnius m Bral
and nonBrazi cems
a mber of occsios Mes statd hat s sel-nced lm was always
concie w iln ainces in mind But stll, e legad to powrl
Miramx s worwide mrkeng nd isbuo. Te de ofte agued Iat had h
really aimed for he gobal markt, he wold not have
based scipt on n obsre no y a st-me auor.8 Agais te
accsaon afvng reduced he omplees of e favela to Holywood's dualisc
loc for prot's s, Mls glghted h fa that amat ators
wee picd om faelas in Ro an ecouraged o impovse sng i own
vocaulay as wel as heir body langage elements hat rsst so d
cot capd y ses Neveess mpoyd n Amerin scptg adviso rougho i prodcon
Aogh clmg a 0 ws lmatly a lm for ans rg upon emsves, Meles admitte
kg e snce of a foreigr who artes a sppoy t stoy, bt one ot
drecly rlated t him A place, oe col say, atally abited by
coreco Katia Lund resposbl for he fOaton d pepaon of e ast
who s e daughte of or-mercn mmrt to Bra!.
Hgng on e daleccl nrplay betwee sngy and nirsaity, spotn d ce
h al d te col C9 eq a mdiatr someone capabe of gidg e ewr
ough an edless ma of a social ea Ia supposey cot e nderstood y
soity at large Wtn he m suh a rol pyed y é (ocket) wo, a
voceove ae mse s e aaO nd tnslato of the story of ity of God and
its people. Holng scap' s hand, we egage o a p hat begs wi qck
closeup shots of a ie bing shapened a a ok d as decads of iole
deaths. r casng a ning cicken ad bng caugh a da end one
the most quote desribed and aaly scees af cotmporry cnma, w d
oslves o a swil: camera moves cary aoud or de n a zyg moto, n eect
comparable fmed llet me c' sen n Th acod alteang bew favea
psssby a poice ca, and heavyd hugs Wh we y gt a
hol of o breah agin w ealze at we hae be sent back n
tme M, womn d lden iv ir on foot o ding hose caages og oge y d ad
agaist ses m m ow pl bg h s eogngs eady to sr
the clonion of an empy tertoy acordg t 9 he faela srs ot as a oter
land r gide, who not y chace also a photographe capale of
eezg bis of eaity w\e pg capos' o t, has plad s a ng coo to West
moies eefor ighly cognable by Weste audiecs. Recozabe
ut not coorly faü for e estabsmt of selers on e rg ld leads
to aaism d ot viiao
GRINGOS. UNS AN THE TOUISC FAVLA
ot this me ih a pei acent Rah ggng log wh inema Novo, rvewrs
for nuent newspaps nd magaznes celbratd e ms sylisc coces indbted
to ies of Scosese ad Ttino.
Not srisgly, e favla ws inodud to mlions f spectors n te nid Stes
nd Weste Europe s blc ghe nd e ca eavily armd dg ons my devoted to
rtail se of coçne inRo as US gngs espite beg compable hir sts of
sgmzed te"tos, No-er gho nd e favel wre prdud by dispr pes o
govemet intervnon whih ully vais om ghto to gheo favla to fva (et
us not orget at idade de e fo eamp, rted ou publc ousing
compx. Ty socospl foatons wc e ased on difrnt oncpons r nd prforD
dist cons for er bad meopolt sysms (Wcqun 07.
If he o fvel ces e bdens o displed epeseions proposed by C Go e emc
favea is lso shapd by th vocues o tosm and e dmands of pon trvelrs
emplifying s feedk oop, i a rviewed d Ggs ofRio de Jneiro crtcRad
orss 003) wot: lm is sdue isbng n\lg - ip to hl t givs the
passengers geat rde In one of e lest and most acd reviews to
cicate n e Brazi mdia, va Bentes 00)
sted Go prootes tom n helL' I order to denoe what sh sw as e
domscaon e most rical emes f clte nd Brzlin nma ( .. ) as prdu fo
xport, coid t widly mployd t Im cosme f hungr nd ced xpict parlels
been tosm cvies inRoch d he sizaon of povty s w ion prentd y C G. n
o ss e vea w supposy being fsond for voyeuisc aprecon ad naonl
consmpn.
But are peerse voyeusm ad sadis ssiility enoug to expin te sess o C
God d e eten of e tos favea? would sy h maer l for more nucd
considraons
'Inmous, notoros glamoos (n a gagst knda way) . '
Ne indren of pul power (e sit was oy ocly rogzd touist aacon
n 006) nor opposion of most midl nd upper-s Brazlns (who
cam t fa tosm is dspae acvy w denigats naon's image ad ps e
poo in a zoo-like splay wr enough o avoidRoina becomg a uav tust
tco for internaon audens
[e fave toist] is no st-tmr . Usuy eer id, si wnts to avod e
btn-ack wants o go yond he posrd ( .. Hs sen C God nd wnts o ompre
it wi raly. re more opeans .. es say 0/
(M. ousm promoter)
cutv fom e Copaana Plae [Hotel]. The gous re balaed
f gender is one ut t in terms f rae wi a larg predomnae f we
tourts who ually colt ael exprien in alternai crcuit aod
world
oss nd xamaon he to pat tos f peosly eslshd path, nd were guided by
profssonas Vsts to day-cae centrs are ommon practic o a comais,
just as te ental f rofs (ajes) whh serve as a vewing
latform. Ths soall oent laj is Oe f he most appriad: with n
oea o littl hoses uer thei ft h visitors an conont favea wh
its sodgs he nd hoss wh e xos hdgs ot so fa away A his favors a
collte vew f e torstc favela nd some common netes rurety
emerge
'Woul favla l h the move Gd? Who vd tere? Wre wrs costany bg
ought bewee poe ad dug lords Would be dange of beig
obed How does one see a faa wout eploitng a goup of eopl
iving n a poorr envoment e qso coed W s set f ogatos Domn p s ru
oge aot a p to R ke n emer f 2009' and wh eerbera wth nxies
oen shred by e favela torst Aer a imags of Ro iratng in he
global mda are uualy refre t da epods of lethreateng
sao may ms nog oss aeg Ro s, aeady a wngss to ake sk at go far
yond e genea cest of opil lesss, mugggs and lguge
misderstnngs In he ase of faela oism, volce nd rs o not
costue a bagrod r a possiblity, bt r m ates bghy antpatd a
formed y e ousts s wng o Ciy of God
As wih o tursts we hae physly or tualy followed Domni ersses h xts
that nipated s nountr wh wha h assumes to be a ratening d ghy ged
morl gond Reports of reutnc were deed reung ongs t oity of tours we
me nd asialy revolvd ond ts two tpcs on on hnd, e pr o
gazng at oe poples sey; ad, on the oer e hy safty s.
scop of is ale not alow or a naion of e complex o cms a onstue ey s
a pce wh s o dpcted drk oor, say e et (Frer-Mos 29b). n gh essay o
e debat au e ehi of su a nd of tourism, Seiger d uterson obsre
'Ales i The NewYrk mes Sithsnia Mze, News h W S Jua e
H' tn Pt ad or opl mda e hee ps oy contosia. Ccs attk
not ust acta vsts but aso rta povety toum through 009: . In e ase o
Roa may torst assum a fensve posur, ateng o onvnc ta ir vsit
s not a voyuristic erse ut n at of soidarity at may ad to the
devlopme of aea1 As for aling w t jupostons btween ris
xitnt that are also n in pat o e toistc fava some irsg stategis ar
estalhd
sod sa hy menoing hat, he ey days of m acvtes n Rociha, set
where drug ang is evdent r avoided d not oe visitr s been d so far
Frmore aU omay owns d touis gids w ntviewd afl
NGOS, UN AN HE OUC FAVLA 27
The tO ss to brg you to e root of th Favla omuy, to provd you an
sght nte vibt spirit of is popl [At he] dayae te adorable e to
ge you op s (bo.om.br) he to chgs ei puio of are rlat
to viole d povty oly Dont b hy, yo a wlco thee ad ll ople sppo yo
vi (wwwfavlaorcom.br)
Nerss tosm promoters e aa ta may visitOTS me precsely sar of e
xcimts af a víot avla:
I aready cints who elly watd to se o. Ao - y oght hy would wak hy d
see ad dg deaers They wnd to watch a ell brk oos gy nks hs
sog hogh iers sent park] He hr is C od and its al fak. e dost
raiz hat ts l te. Th re touss wo spy they a @m st ( . ) For m,
avng to deal ith tis, s qe sag (C., proesson to guide)
omíg om masattd soiees touists e g fo nQ mdated pns o oter pabl of
prodg an ay os th 'civzd Wst (MaCall 1992). Padoiy, however ey us
hese ery tnd enours as oppotuty to co - coon what h ben ld Eam
e mdia. is is wha EU Sn (003) als e son o h nonmdiated medato
It is a my lusion oered by the ate foms of toism - te raty to
g obus xampe for t posats e possiy of s expc xisg otsid mdi
fras Le, it th mdaon f h vios clal prod whih are esponsibl for
sapng e toists desis th st pla
Howve as Blt k sggests, it s cssary t exm ot only how on i
st fo iy but lso how rlity itf is s fo co 37) o gds
usati e of Roca e ed ad mxed th os of aghtech ure faliy o a m st
espte its realis asetis ose Beaiz Jagabs (004) eprsso, more a 'ect
of ry Ciod d up producing an ee of raity 'e rea itsf e amp th fala)
is pid as a ioe spec, as a tsy spae In togh imags te favla ts into
a viral y, io a simuam (bd)
f e favla coued by he oust st had hs aledy een xped a 'vl
entiy r a simlam, it sl iits a pthora of emoos tha re ivd vy mh ra
A eedbak loop ks e vitl ad t r, for he pres of tosts hs tgbl
impats whih denitely revrberae on t mpi i gouds of oia
ad yond he wods of one of ur ntws, a 27yrold compte m gd
lusate e mpid jxtaposiio so mm to Ria toss, bw extemt et for
kowledge d ra compasso
soiety are no igored r hie Eom vicw, espeialy s ara
whih 5 SO yami a exg ( ...) e highlght for me was just e
realzao a ese peop e ot as opressed r pOOT as ha bee le
o blieve t sool e owsie was a hc mocy sp o e tou di
ot iey go towads pole wo live e fvela ( . ] ha ow
befor e tp wou have ivestgate oer ompaies that oate some of
tei ros
t woul e o· exaggrao to say hat alI tosm ageies ivest the ommodiato
of poverty a ager by payg arou e pr 'rsk a tst (Gics 1990 o
had ompanes pset emselves as e s meiatos f a ositive of
otat ta beet th fava soally a coomially, eve i e moy spn
o e OUS i5 o shac with e faveaos e other, oss are assed f e
safety eve whc wg togh e poorest aras g open jcps r
motoryles e ioee at takes plae i the favelas is ot it
at toists You a bng you most expesve amea a yo wo be
boere epeat e gics Ci Gd ao takes plae mosly win a fava
pitred as isolat from te rest of e ity where gs vimize he
favelaos emsves o e 'regla izes wo ar outsie its
bodaes. Roia he touist is eourage to mata a iste
omparabl to to beieve at all ole a brtaity althogh ea do ot
oe iry
Aganst e risk of poteia ager tourist avela frameworks of tst
e built but ot oun e nsos (he touist agey or e oie) omally
resposile o toiss physal itegy Most gies atog highighg ha 99% of e
favelaos are peaeI worrs, put pIai wors to
toursts that er safey gaatee by c ug ks e oner for a agcy exemely
poular amongst bakpaers repats th tous outs:
e i Copaabaa you have to be y ef, here e g Iords ae harge
d either e or mer of tourits e tolerate simply
beause y w to make their sas someg haes to oe of
yo, e polie migt ome A of ouse it ist goo for e busiess
appeed o the emat favel of Ci Gd i e taes of e tos favela a
racr omex form of soa tcrao hat is pt o may favelaos
daly ives - what soiologst Maao a lva 2009) petntly s dr the
oo of ioet soabl - aquies a smle version a however is far om lsivc
to eie lmi or tors aaves tg aross aaei d goveetal sourses Let
us see wh a taveler fom Califoa tes o r blog elountly e e eal
Rio 1:
GRNGOS. GUS AN THE ORSC FAVLA 9
A violnt conotaon oposes on one and, bad/providg dg
dealers (a mix of Zé Peueo d Bn o good/pssive favlados; ad te ot
egotisc etes to coced favela osts d torsm promoters I of i tng pac
nder te eyes of comptnt poice fore nd n asn Stae n fac most
intrviwees did not seem ez he mpse o t avea ppao is y e rel o
arbiss of te aco-ckers or he gts of Braziia its altogh oh, f couse
Iay a cca role), but is ay n outco f ujust con arangments f
wich te ourissemses e an intnsic t Ths is what Huyk 1996) n a
dierent b compale context point out as e occlusion of inquiis
rogh deologc work in even th most pogessive d wmaing f
torsms·
Not lI torists, howevr, e ecessay obivios to a reve nd sfcrtica
atide Some of wold ega he ges nd mysf on how far e favea
preened y C <d esres ty Acodig gd mor backpackcr gossip
Rio's favelas e famous noorious, gamoous a gsta da way) but whats
aly up ere?' asks lk on her viral av accont At he eg of her
arative, se ssms a rae cyncl o: k my torsts [d scn G < Gd
he movie) nd hea e overected hyp babd by oe foreiges "Omigod Ro's
hrdcore hey have' got shos ad ey you for em ed) oIoks ' lways
ogt. Futr on howver her acount acs a e sa whe se s hf e mist ava B
t w deret to squeez pas eage boys wi sung laly acoss tei laps
i a a barey big eoug for oe
Even f movatd rgely y cuosty nd e ectemn derivd from th
cnematc favela mo toists se genely fascinatd by e sg corass
oered by Roca and my sm mov by t nconters wi e
resdents12
speily w es. Dspie e inti ute aI agree tt e ip oered a eet vew he
ava o t ty n i pple Log rod Rocna, w e] undst he people of Rio a m
deeper ev I res omber 05 a torst gog by e ias of Smatolypop.
More of not y ae agely posive about he tour rod e favela nd e vsa
accts hy were ab to roduce13 nusistcy recommng e xpric As
SmarLolyo egisters n e l es of e tvelblog A dnit mst-do wen
sing io i l enighten yo i d rovide a insgt nto a fasciatg pa
Cocuso
LATIN MERIC ULL STDIS
As I aemptd to dmonstate her the narrativs Df h ourisi
favel th positvc scrcotps preseed by d hc favea as dle of sensuous
rhys (om samba to nd hom of beaut shing bodics r refod
to a lg xtcnt negv sereoypes dptd by lm e fela as maly poor,
iolen n univd are not ompy sssed, b displaed as ubet. On emping o
ond t on s prnations o fl ed y lguag of voln im
ofen h os end g to ngge tori h ralizon he s of people n
Roha assume etrey npreiabc haps due o oer fos Df volen
'eressions f a restd hirarhize nd agcnd tinhip (Mado da lva
2002 2234 wh e not 50 speal but euy brtal.
thogh mo resear ndr the mobles paraigm is sl eeded orer o
raw onlusive obscons it scs o me ponless to oppose so-lc a
eeenons o e ose PTodud sno1y, o ' o k nountes D ev 'voyism
to ompassion s lcs f h cmati ad h oristi favlas show we are
faing srgig of mobl enty spae of imagnaion at s aveled to whle g
ond e world what I all th aiJaa (Fr re-Mederos fotomng).
U1imaey slt of itraion nd nHuene between soial atos who nl
cn1y had vrally no ona, c y
j aot be lblled cithr autohoo or foreign c long e of nem d/or
oti eners need o
reseed but I wold like o rap up s tile quongJ
28-year-old we interewed in hc smmr of 200
I a lot of e appeal has o do with the peeived dnger nvoved I tht
sense i a bt eing ( ...) I my opíion, it is mo imprtt how e
ours } faela. For ouists, a few hous a a fela isn og o ake a
sigi mpt t i ony ref xpos anohr way of . ). B qesion
is: o we wt the o o g the favea? As the ela ors
bo mor populr my more people wil see i s a way to mak moey an
pcrhaps e ors wi ge or e fvela l star to nge nd m e amoun of money
is ed om the toris Ths would possibly pr5nt a beer stadrd of
livig fo h pople Bu as e standard of ving inascs a some oin
woldt h la ease to b a fava S is he purpos of tor give es
look esy, d see or e r s purposc to givc hose n he va
pos o oside wold an a possbl beer way of ourse c e many more
fatos olved ha I OW vry itl o oing abou su as he drg rtcls bu s is
jst my spelion
Acknowldgmnts
GR G , A T H E T T AV
o Po. Jo ry or bs spso, w Mara ie Maado va d Pao oge ibo o povdg
bogph eeecs ad rsg ig
N
C ht//www doyoco uksgigiero/ fava-r-djaeo ba2I 03629/#rev
bgig o gvm pües wrd favla olled btwen rprsin nd toan tr mity oup e
rmv y pvd. Failie w oged o eav favlas ad move pbc osg cmex n mt ar.
On te comexes w Cdad d e w auo Li a 'va.
T mt rcnt xampl dict ct CL f o s DncB wh the } UK, - w worg le
dpped fr ow eas sympmaly add i e iy o Go' Dirc by on Bl an prouc y
h Guadan's Rio rrepndet om Piis, e docmary lws a ice sp om e n
disio a ug rd shory bfr he w rlad) ad m ruger who ru an vgal cch It
was svy aackd n azi fr sppdl y tkg p s o l aemps o demoi Ro s bid
to hot e Oymics.
4 Te se pr og Pve ivved lg vws w qed om (ies tosm omors tt sos
roducrssrs d dweles), ld obsein pict bseva s a potoengahi aroa a we
a br nrsons in Cap Fat (Sou ia) ad Dav d) c b CNP d he odao Urba n
egion Stus (FUS coune on a a o nthiac ssant: Axr Maglã, Andé a, An
C Sts Ces exei, o gahães Jana Fia I am atl o a an seay o Paoma zs
Fda N ad Líva Cap w he bee g fava wh me for s yeas
he r f a i spwnig a wav of rs owrd n-bvos das s y o Bue ois ad For,
Wn, whe Th l Wich ProjJ an lht w t esecvy sng mnd
6 lg iig ue l wi G, he deb roun te mac vl srass As ooogit arca it
arae\y ma Fim doe ms a g mseves ag ieigy w avas as y onc d owds t
noasn ser, i agnss an th hpe eceg B·
7 h mes e q ount in ei app to oism, aenity d adveue: a locl o gig;
Eo tus Favea r ep Tor naa Jg1 Tours vate Tour o Advnts.
8 pt ws bae 0 e epoyms ovel by Pu s who sdes ig ae i Cdae d Deu wr
as a s sssant on Aba Za enograpic poe a d o a grdg o ua apogy, A
Máqu e /ota For nts aysis on hw nov a iaoe, a Sw d Rbeo
10 ntcrcsgly ough, touss spend very drng their vists ad t no rare o
d h bargg w te sovers scles (Care 2005; Dwk 2004 Frcie Medeos
2009b). As for doatios s o goods, tey ae ot nsua, bu st fr rom beng
a eal adotc agast poverty
Cf ttp wwwavelog.org/Sout-ra/Bzi/RiodeJneo/Rio-denero
blog579html
2 O c faveados's mpressos o tc tos aves Roa see Dwck 200 ad
FreirMederos 2009a
13 Potograps y torsts otitt a ma feae f the favela tors and provde
a rh aivc eorea possbles Cf Mzes 2007 FrereMediros d Mezes
2009.
Te we-own rappcr wo was bo ad stil lves n Cdade de Des, was oe f ma
voes agis Cod, wi assied as srcspcl towrds the omity ad ag o ter
popao
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