Big Data Implications - Terry Griffin

transcript

Big Data Implications for Agriculture

Terry Griffin, PhD, CCA Cropping Systems Economist

Department of Agricultural Economics

@SpacePlowboy #PrecisionAg #BigData #FarmData

Eastern Ontario Crop Conference Kemptville, ON February 14, 2017

Farmer’s Use of Precision Ag

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

Automated Guidance Lightbar Automated Section Control Precision Soil Samplin

Yield Monitor Yield Monitor with GPS Variable Rate Fert. Variable Rate Seed

Service providers’ use of technology

• 16% of service providers use UAVs

• Most common (72%) soil grid size = 2.5 ac – Smaller grid sizes used only 13% of time

• 20% use telematics in 2015 – Up from 15% in 2013

Erickson & Widmar, 2015

Data Analysis Service Offerings

0% 50% 100%

Print Maps for Customers(Yield/EC/Soil Maps, etc.)

No Aggregate Data; Individual FarmData Only

Data Aggregated Among Farmers ButNot Outside the Dealership

Data Aggregated Among FarmersIncluding Those Outside the

Dealership

Do Not Help Customers With TheirFarm-Level Data

% of Respondents

2015 Base: 261 respondents

Managing Farm-Level Data to Assist Customers in Decision Making

Small data

Big data

Precision profitability over time

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2013 2015

Soil SamplingSingle Variable Rate ApplicationMulti Variable Rate ApplicationSatellite ImageryYield Monitor Data AnalysisTotal Precision Package

2015 Base: 261

www.presentationmagazine.com

Thinking about Farm Data

• Data is intangible and irreplaceable – “non-rival” – “Excludable” and/or “non-excludable”

• Copies of digital data identical to original • Value lies in its use, not in the possession

– Data tombs are common (and worthless) – ‘data has no value’

• Anonymity does not exist with big data

Community Data Analysis

• Community Participation: Value to Farmer vs Network • Value of primary use < value of secondary use

Image credit: Fox Photos/Getty Images

Data Primary Use Secondary Use

Yield monitor data Documenting yields On-farm trials Splitting crop shares

GxExM analyses

Soil sample data Fertilizer decisions Regional compliance Algorithm development

Scouting Spray decisions Regional analytics Early alerts

As-applied fertility On-farm trials Compliance

Algorithm development

Single Field vs Community

Are value of secondary uses > primary uses?

Need 1 field Need many fields

Farm Data as a Resource

• Reluctant to share data • Data is intangible resource • Ramification of relinquishing control?

– Gives up bargaining power – Fear own data used against them

Source: Shanoyan and Griffin

2010 2015

Are FCC-Defined Broadband Speed Enough?

down up

Broadband Speeds Enough?

• UAV imagery example (Buschermohle, U of Tennessee) – 40 acre field with 17 pictures ~ 111 MB (almost 3 MB/acre) – 92 acres with 152 pictures ~ 450MB (almost 5 MB/acre)

• Other sensor and prescription data (Shearer, tOSU) – Spraying 0.3 MB/acre – Planting 5.5 MB/acre – Yield data 4.2 MB/acre – Soil/Fertility Data 0.6 MB/acre – Prescription files 0.01 MB/acre

2010 2015M

down up

FCC Broadband Definition: 2010 to 2014

Source: http://www.broadbandmap.gov/speed

Opportunities

Stolen from: Shannon Ferrell

“Future” of Farm Data

• Wireless infrastructure impacts farmland values

• Secondary uses recognized as valuable – If yield monitor malfunctions, harvester stops for repair

• Data quality viewed as important

– Small data at the grower:farm:field level – Big data at the community level

• Going off grid not sustainable

Acknowledgements

Dr. Shannon L. Ferrell Associate Professor, Agricultural Law Dept. of Agricultural Economics Oklahoma State University

Dr. Aleksan Shanoyan Assistant Professor Department of Agricultural Economics Kansas State University

Terry Griffin Cropping Systems Economist twgriffin@ksu.edu 501.249.6360 @SpacePlowboy

Big Data Implications - Terry Griffin

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