BioChem  330  -­‐  Course  Outline  •  Metabolism  and  Bioenerge1cs  (II)  

–  ENZYME  CATALYSIS:    • kineAc  constants  kcat,  Km  

• CatalyAc  strategies,  the  serine  proteases  

–  CATABOLISM  (breakdown)  • Carbohydrates  

–  Glycolysis            –  Tricarboxylic  Acid  Cycle    –  Electron  Transport                            –  Chemiosmosis  and  ATPase  

• FaQy  acids  and  amino  acids  

Figure 20-26

Fa7y  Acid  Biosynthesis  Reac1ons  in  Cytoplasm  

Figure 20-30

Figure 20-31

Figure 20-31 part 1

AMP AMPK  ACC  

AMP  dependent  protein  kinase  

ATP AMPK ACC  

AMPK              Fuel  Gauge  for  Cell  

Figure 20-36

Prostaglandins  are  made  from  faQy  acids  in  response  to  infecAon  or  trauma  

Page 719

Cyclo-­‐oxygenase  (COX)  Inhibitors  prevent  formaAon  of  Prostaglandin    and  relieve  pain  and  fever  

Nonspecific   Specific  for  COX-­‐2  

Page 721

Biosynthesis  of  Cholesterol  p721-­‐729  

Figure 20-37

Biosynthesis  of  Cholesterol  

Four  steps  from  HMG-­‐CoA  to  the  isopenentenyl  pyrophosphate  –  step  1  is  most  highly  regulated  

Figure 20-38

Biosynthesis  of  Cholesterol  Part  2  

Three  steps  from  the  isopentenyl  pyrophosphate  –  to  squalene  

Check  out  all  the  isoprene  units  in  squalene!  

Figure 20-39

Squalene  is  set  up  for  CyclizaAon  in  the  next  Step  

Figure 20-39

Here’s  the  Magical  CyclizaAon  Step  

Page 724

Shedding  some  –CH3  and  oxidizing  those  carbons  and  reducing  others  converts    

lanosterol  to  cholesterol  

Figure 20-41

Cholesterol  can  direct  protein  

synthesis  by  inducing  

transloca1on  of  ac1vator  precursors  

from  the  ER  to  the  Golgi  

Figure 20-43

Figure 20-42

Cholesterol  lowering  

drugs  such  as  these  prevent  heart  disease  by  inhibi1ng  HMG-­‐CoA  reductase  

Figure 20-44

Diseases  of  Cholesterol  Transport