Biochemistry

Lecture 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy

Richard C. Overbaugh, Lynn SchultzOld Dominion University

Student Objectives for this course

• Calculate bioenergetic parameters and evaluate carbon molecules reactions

• Reproduce and explain key metabolic processes: glycolysis, TCA cycle, electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation

• Analyze protein structure and function and evaluate different methods used to assess and test structure and function

• Trace key metabolites through key pathways, design experiments to test carbon flux

• Compare and contrast modes of metabolism regulation and judge the effects of different modes

Biochemistry is the chemistry of

Living Systems• The Chemistry of Carbon and Water• Themes for this course:

– The transformation of energy– Levels of complexity

Cells

Cells

Levels of Complexity

Lipids

The Inner Life of the Cell

• http://multimedia.mcb.harvard.edu/anim_innerlife.html

Why CarbonBond Strength

(kJ/mol)

C – C 347 – 356

C = C 611

C = C 837

C – O 336

C – H 356 – 460

Si – Si 230

Si – O 368

O – O 146

O = O 498

N – N 163

N = N 418

N = N 946

What can we learn from this?

• C – C bond is stronger than C – O– Stable in oxygen rich

environment!

• Two C – C bonds are stronger than one C = C– Chains are stable!

• C – H bond is strong– Hydrocarbons stable at

room temperature!

Important Functional Groups

• Alcohol• Thiol• Amine• Ether• Thioether• Peroxide• Disulfide• Aldehyde• Ketone

• Carboxylic acid• Ester• Anhydride• Amide• Thioester• Phosphate• Phosphoester• Phosphoanhydride

Carbon and Functional Groups

Other biomolecules

NADP+

PEP

Phosphatidylcholine

Bioenergetics

CellReactants Products

Steady State = constant flux

STHG

QRTGG ln'0

Structural differences between reactants and products

Concentration differences between reactants and products

Water

Hydrogen Bonds

Water

Colligative Properties

pH

pH = -log[H+]

214- M101]OH][H[ wK

14]OHlog[]Hlog[ -

14pOHpH

Acids

Buffers

HA][

]A][H[ -

aKHA H+ + A-

HA][

]A[logppH

-

aK

Hendeson Hasselbalch Equation

Summary

• Biochemistry is the chemistry of living things– Which is the chemistry of carbon and

water

• Carbons unique bonding properties• Water: hydrogen bonds and

ionization• Buffers and pH