Post on 27-Jun-2015
transcript
BIOLOGY
CORE revision session
Overview of the syllabus
B1.1 Keeping healthy B1.2 Nerves and hormones B1.3 The use and abuse of drugs B1.4 Interdependence and adaptation B1.5 Energy and biomass in food chains B1.6 Waste materials from plants and
animals B1.7 Genetic variation and its control B1.8 Evolution
Keeping healthy – diet and exercise
balanced diet metabolic rate cholesterol obesity exercise
evaluate effect of lifestyle/food
on health slimming programmes
Keeping healthy – infectious disease
bacteria/fungi/virus antigen/antibody antibiotics antibiotic resistance immunisation studying microorganisms –
aseptic techniques/petri dishes
evaluate Semmelweiss mutations and
epidemics/pandemics vaccination (pro/con)
virus infects inside cells bacteria don’t change
deliberately to become resistant: mutation and natural selection
immunisation – we don’t “remember how to fight the disease in the future” ; we do “make antibodies quicker”
read up on mmr/semmelweiss
Nerves and hormones
nervous system reflexes hormones controlling internal
environment – water/temp/blood sugar/ ions
menstrual cycle controlling fertility tropisms auxinevaluate hormones to control fertility plant hormones in horticulture
receptor sensory n relay motor n effector
synapse (how do drugs affect these?)
homeostasis: water/ions/temp/blood
FSH Oes LH Prog O/P=contra; FSH = fertility know how IVF works and
remember the pill needs to be taken every day to be effective
Google images: Menstrual cycle
Be able to interpret these kind of diagrams
The use and abuse of drugs
development of medicines (clinical trials)
legal/illegal drugs cannabis thalidomideEvaluate why use illegal drugs progression from recreational
drugs to hard drugs effect of drugs on health performance enhancing drugs in
sport
dependency/ addiction/withdrawal symptoms
Interdependance and adaptation
competition adaptation extremophiles lichens/invertebrate
evaluate data on how
environmental changes affects distribution/ behaviour of organisms.
plants – water/minerals/light/space
animals – food/mates/territory
desert/arctic detering predators
Energy and biomass in food chains
Everything starts with the sun. Use information in the tables to help
you work out the order. Remember: Plant Plant eating animal animal eating animal
The arrows represent energy flow. Pyramids:
Biomass = pyramid; Number = odd You must draw pyramid of biomass in
proportion Don’t forget to label
Energy losses – reason why biomass less
Waste materials from plants and animals
Carbon cyclePhotosynthesis/ Respiration Feeding
DecayDecomposers – bacteria and fungiWhat are the best conditions for making
compost? Evaluate – necessity/effectiveness of
recycling organic kitchen or garden waste
Genetic variation and its control
cell nucleus DNA asexual/sexual reproduction genetic engineering cloning make informed judgements
about the economic, social and ethical issues concerning cloning and genetic engineering, including genetically modified (GM) crops
plant cloning: cuttings/tissue culture
animal cloning: embryo splitting/ nuclear transfer
restriction enzymes – cut DNA
Evolution
evolution natural selection extinction
HSW interpret evidence relating to
evolutionary theory differences in Darwin’s theory
and other theories and reasons for these
why it took a long time to accept Darwin’s theory
evolution – simplecomplex over millions of years
natural selection: organisms best suited survive to reproduce pass on genes for survival to offspring
similarities/differences in organisms show ecological/evolutionary relationships
Common ancestors and family trees
can be used to find the most recent common ancestor of two species – the more recent the ancestor the more closely related those species are.