BIOLOGY

CORE revision session

Overview of the syllabus

B1.1 Keeping healthy B1.2 Nerves and hormones B1.3 The use and abuse of drugs B1.4 Interdependence and adaptation B1.5 Energy and biomass in food chains B1.6 Waste materials from plants and

animals B1.7 Genetic variation and its control B1.8 Evolution

Keeping healthy – diet and exercise

balanced diet metabolic rate cholesterol obesity exercise

evaluate effect of lifestyle/food

on health slimming programmes

Keeping healthy – infectious disease

bacteria/fungi/virus antigen/antibody antibiotics antibiotic resistance immunisation studying microorganisms –

aseptic techniques/petri dishes

evaluate Semmelweiss mutations and

epidemics/pandemics vaccination (pro/con)

virus infects inside cells bacteria don’t change

deliberately to become resistant: mutation and natural selection

immunisation – we don’t “remember how to fight the disease in the future” ; we do “make antibodies quicker”

read up on mmr/semmelweiss

Nerves and hormones

nervous system reflexes hormones controlling internal

environment – water/temp/blood sugar/ ions

menstrual cycle controlling fertility tropisms auxinevaluate hormones to control fertility plant hormones in horticulture

receptor sensory n relay motor n effector

synapse (how do drugs affect these?)

homeostasis: water/ions/temp/blood

FSH Oes LH Prog O/P=contra; FSH = fertility know how IVF works and

remember the pill needs to be taken every day to be effective

Google images: Menstrual cycle

Be able to interpret these kind of diagrams

The use and abuse of drugs

development of medicines (clinical trials)

legal/illegal drugs cannabis thalidomideEvaluate why use illegal drugs progression from recreational

drugs to hard drugs effect of drugs on health performance enhancing drugs in

sport

dependency/ addiction/withdrawal symptoms

Interdependance and adaptation

competition adaptation extremophiles lichens/invertebrate

evaluate data on how

environmental changes affects distribution/ behaviour of organisms.

plants – water/minerals/light/space

animals – food/mates/territory

desert/arctic detering predators

Energy and biomass in food chains

Everything starts with the sun. Use information in the tables to help

you work out the order. Remember: Plant Plant eating animal animal eating animal

The arrows represent energy flow. Pyramids:

Biomass = pyramid; Number = odd You must draw pyramid of biomass in

proportion Don’t forget to label

Energy losses – reason why biomass less

Waste materials from plants and animals

Carbon cyclePhotosynthesis/ Respiration Feeding

DecayDecomposers – bacteria and fungiWhat are the best conditions for making

compost? Evaluate – necessity/effectiveness of

recycling organic kitchen or garden waste

Genetic variation and its control

cell nucleus DNA asexual/sexual reproduction genetic engineering cloning make informed judgements

about the economic, social and ethical issues concerning cloning and genetic engineering, including genetically modified (GM) crops

plant cloning: cuttings/tissue culture

animal cloning: embryo splitting/ nuclear transfer

restriction enzymes – cut DNA

Evolution

evolution natural selection extinction

HSW interpret evidence relating to

evolutionary theory differences in Darwin’s theory

and other theories and reasons for these

why it took a long time to accept Darwin’s theory

evolution – simplecomplex over millions of years

natural selection: organisms best suited survive to reproduce pass on genes for survival to offspring

similarities/differences in organisms show ecological/evolutionary relationships

Common ancestors and family trees

can be used to find the most recent common ancestor of two species – the more recent the ancestor the more closely related those species are.