Post on 04-Jan-2016
transcript
Biology TodayThird Edition
Chapter 15
Mind and Body
Copyright © 2004 by Garland Science
Eli Minkoff • Pam Baker
Health
What is it?
systems in balance(homeostasis)
Health
Factors affecting health
geneticslifestyledietexposure
Health
psychoneuroimmunology
mind nerves immune
Immune system
innate
the body can protect itself from invasion
skin in a barrier
Immune system
innate
the body responds to damage- inflammation
hot, red, swollen, sore
fig. 15-1
fig. 15-3
Figure 15.2
Filarial worm
gets into body
blocks lymphatics
fluid accumulates.
Elephantiasis
Vertebrates
have a second immune system
specific immunity
specific immunity
protects us against future exposure to some diseases
antigens
(foreign) molecules that can be detected by the immune system
parts of bacteria, viruses, cancer cells,…
Figure 15.1
lymphocytes
B-cells
T-cells
make antibodies
various kinds
B-cells
antibodies
proteinsbind to antigenshelp kill cells or
signal destruction
each B cell can make only one antibody
B-cells
can recognize moleculesdistinguish self from
nonselfremembers exposure
BT3, pg. 548
Figure 15.4b
Figure 15.4c
Figure 15.4d
Figure 15.4e
T-cells
various kinds
Tc-cells cytotoxicTh-cells helperTs-cells supressorTm-cells memory
CD4+
CD8+
Figure 15.4a
Memory
Once exposed to an antigen, the body has cells that remember
Memory
announcements
Blood drive (10 pts)
Dec 3-6 (M-Th)12:30 to 6:30Jones Conference Room
0 1 2 3 4
t1/2 = ?1/2 hr
0 1 2 3 4
*
** *
t1/2 = 1 hr ?
0 1 2 3 4
*
*
**
Figure 15.5
When you make antibodies:
active immunity
exposure to diseasevaccination
When you acquire antibodies:
passive immunity
newbornsnakebite
(antibodies from someone else)
Figure 15.6
Active immunityvs.
Passive immunity
Abnormal immune system
Autoimmunity(self immunity)
multiple sclerosis (MS)IDDM…
Abnormal immune system
Allergies
allergens (antigens)mast cells and IgEhistamine
Figure 15.7
Abnormal immune system
Transplant disease
match tissue(perfect match is rare)
suppress immune system
Immunosuppression
inhibition of immune system
drugs (transplant)overnutritionprotein undernourishmentinfant undernourishmentmicronutrientsdiseases (AIDS - Th cells)
Link between immune system and nervous system
Autonomic nervous system(self-regulating)
Regulates body functionsNot consciousTwo divisions
sympathetic, parasympathetic
Figure 15.8 normal resting activity
flight or
fight
str
essFight/flight response
first step in a series of physiological responses
nervous systemimmune systemendocrine system
fig. 15-9
nervous systemimmune systemendocrine system
linked
Evidence
Shared signaling molecules(cytokines)
Nerve ending in immune organs
Placebo effect
Control to experimental group
new pillpain killer + sugar
control pillsugar only
reducepain?
Figure 15.11
The mind is connected to our immune system and our endocrine system, which can, in turn affect our health (balance).