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BIOMASS
FUELLED POWER
PLANTS
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OUTLINES
Introduction
Biomass and its sources
Biomass power plant and its working
Biomass power generation modes Social benefits
Economic viability
Prospective segments & challenges
Conclusions
References
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INTRODUCTI
ONEnough Biomass
resources in the
world to cover theworlds energy
demand.
Using Biomasssources for power
generation is CO2
neutral.
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WHAT IS BIOMASS ?
Biomass is a renewable energy source that isderived from living or recently living organisms.
It is produced by metabolic activities of
biological systems (plants and animals) and/orproducts of their decomposition or conversion
The chemical and energetic value of thosematerials is based on the carbon-carbon and
carbon-hydrogen bond Biomass suitable for utilization must have a net
heating value
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SOURCES OF BIOMASS
Comes from the
forest
Can also comefrom plant and
animal waste
Wood and waste
can be found
virtually anywhere
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OVERVIEW
Biomass can be chemically and biochemically
treated to convert it to a energy-rich fuel.
Thermal energy is extracted by means of
combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification.
Energy derived from biomass is mostly used to
generate electricity or to produce heat.
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KEY COMPONENTS OF
BIOMASS POWER PLANT
Fuel storage and handling equipment
Combustor / furnace
Boiler
Pumps
Fans
Steam turbine
Generator
Condenser
Cooling tower Exhaust / emissions controls
System controls (automated).
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HOW IS ELECTRICITY GENERATED FROM
BIOMASS
HOW DOES BIOMASS
POWERPLANT WORK
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BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
MODES
Different types of biomass power
generation modes are
Combustion
Gasification combustion
Mixed burning
Gasification mixed burning
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BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
MODES
COMBUSTION Biomass burned directly in boiler to produce steam to generate
electricity
Main advantage Mature technology
Low running cost
Simple biomass pretreatment
Disadvantage Low efficiency at small scale
single biomass fuel
large investment
Application Large scale power generation
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BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
MODE
GASIFICATION COMBUSTION
solid biomass breaks down to form a flammable
gas.
Biomass gasified first and then fuel gas burned ingas turbine or engine
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Gasification
Advantage
High efficiency at small scale
Flexible in capacity
Low investment
Disadvantage
Complex equipment
High maintenance cost
Applications Medium and small system
Combined cycles , which combine gas turbines and steamturbines to produce electricity
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BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
MODE
MIXED BURNING
Biomass mixed with coal and burned in boiler
Main advantage
Simple and convenient operation Least investment if no reconstruction of existing
device
Main disadvantage
Strict biomass pretreatment and quality Some impact on original system.
Application
Suitable for timber biomass.
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BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
MODES
Gasificationmixed burning Biomass gasified first and then fuel gas burned with coal in
boiler
Main advantage
Universal application
Low impact on original coal-fired system
Economic benefit
Main disadvantage
Complex management
Certain metal erosion problem
Application
Power generation system for mass biomass.
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VARIOUS TECHNIQUES AND
OPTIONS AVAILABLE
Biomass liquefaction via pyrolysisA process similar to Gasification
Heating of Hydrocarbons in zero oxygen condition
Condenses the vapors to obtain Bio-oil (pyrolysis oil) Bio-oil is easily transportable, store and handle
Can be combusted in boiler for heat or electrical
generation
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VARIOUS TECHNIQUES AND
OPTIONS AVAILABLE
Organic plant based oil(crude palm oil-CPO)
Generation of electricity using CPO.
Biogas anaerobic digestion.
a type of fermentation that converts organicmaterial into biogas.
it mainly consists of methane (approximately60%) and carbon dioxide(approximately 40%).
Power generation using scrubbed methane gas.
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SOCIAL BENEFITS OF BIOMASS
POWER GENERATION
Biomass power generates electricity that is:
reliable,
domestically produced,
economically competitive and
environmentally sustainable.
Since biomass energy uses domestically-produced fuels, biomass power:
greatly reduces our dependence on foreign energysources,
increases our national security and
provides greater fuel diversity.
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ECONOMIC BENEFITS
Minimizes cost involved with waste disposal
Can generate money for community
It provide job opportunity in rural areas
Power from biomass gasifier based plants are
cheap in rural areas
Overall cost of installation, running,
transmission, labor etc. per unit cost ofelectricity is low.
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PROSPECTIVE SEGMENTS &
CHALLENGES
Biomass Combustion power plant is attractive to: Industrial Factories owners
Plantation/Mill owners Sugar cane (Bagasse)
Rice (Rice Husks)
Wood/Paper (Wood Wastes) Corn (Corn Wastes)
Palm Oil (Empty Fruit Bunches, Shells)
Cassava (Roots, Stems)
Able to supply both Electricity and Heat (steam) for
factory use Main challenges:
securing the long term supply of Biomass fuel source at stable prices
selling price of electricity, if connected to the grid to sell electricity
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CONCLUSIONS
Uses low cost waste materials
Recycling waste materials can be a solution to the
problems with disposing of waste products
Reduced dependence on foreign oil
Biomass plants operate in a reliable and
consistent manner providing crucial base load
power generation.
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REFERENCES
Biomass power generation modes.
http://www.V-FLO.com
B H KHAN, Non-conventional energy resources ,3RD edition, pub. year 2006
Biomass energywww.amrenewables.com
Pyrolysis and Other Thermal Processing. [U.S.Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and
Renewable Energy Biomass Program]http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/printable_versions/pyrolysis.html
http://www.v-flo.com/http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/printable_versions/pyrolysis.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/printable_versions/pyrolysis.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/printable_versions/pyrolysis.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/printable_versions/pyrolysis.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/printable_versions/pyrolysis.htmlhttp://www.v-flo.com/http://www.v-flo.com/http://www.v-flo.com/7/30/2019 biomass-121205233705-phpapp02
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