Post on 24-May-2015
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BONES AND SKELETAL
For research :The Development of Biology Instructional Media Based Joomla! Software
By : Anshar Mansabadi
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IntroductionDo you still remember the characteristics of living things?One of them is the ability to move.
So… What are needed to move?
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What is the function of skeleton?
Gives shape to the body of an organism.As a movement organProtects internal body organsSite for muscle attachmentSite for red blood cell production
Bones
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Based in their shapes and size, bones that compose a human skeleton are grouped into
several types:
• Long bones have a pipe-like, cylindrical form and function for articulation.
• Short bone, is short and cylindrical in shape.• Flat bone, is flat and wide in shape and
function to protect the body structures underneath it.
• Irregular bone, has a complex shape and carries out a special function.
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Type of Bones
Based on their composition, bones are grouped into two types, true bone (osteon) and cartilage.True bone is composed of very compact bone cells on its surface. Based on the texture, there two further divisions of the kind.
Compact bone, has a compact outer layer;Spongy bone (hollow), has a flat inner layer just as the skull bone.
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Compact and branchy spongy bones
Source : aikidopurbalingga.blogspot.com
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CartilageThe diverse types of cartilage in human are as follow:
Hyaline cartilage, generally found at the tip of bones and has smooth texture;Elastic cartilage, found in earlobe, epiglottis, and having elastic characteristic;Fibro cartilage, found in tendons and ligaments formed by of many collagenous compounds and surrounded by matrix.
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Ossification
Human skeleton has started to be formed by the end of the second month of the embryonic stage.
The cartilage cavity is filled with osteoblasts, cells that function in ossification.
Every unit of bone cells circle around blood vessels and nerve fibers and form a system called the Haversian system.
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SkeletonBasically, skeleton is grouped into two.
Axial skeleton is the skeletal frame of the body axis, consisted of skull, vertebrae, chest bones, and ribs.Appendicular skeleton consists of upper and lower limb bones. The connections between axial and appendicular skeleton are at the shoulder and pelvis.