BT2 - Rig Components

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7/21/2019 BT2 - Rig Components

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Oilwell Primer Oilwell Primer

Rig Components

Rig ComponentsRig Components

A rigs main job is to make hole

A multitude of rig components are needed to make

Divided Into Four SystemsDivided Into Four Systems

Hoisting

Rotating Circulating

The Power System

Hoisting

Rotating

Circulating

Power SystemPower System

Source of power for the rig

Transmission of power to the rig

Source of Power Source of Power

Almost all rigs use diesel engines because they

produce high torque fuel efficient

The number of engines increase as the depthcapacity power requirements of the rig increase!

Rig Power - Diesel EnginesRig Power - Diesel Engines

Power TransmissionPower Transmission

"#CHA$%CA& ' Through Compound

#&#CTR%CA& ' Through #lectrical Cables

ec!anicalec!anical

SystemSystem

Multiengine and

chain-drive

compound

Steel Guard

Two steel guards

cover the drive

bands (belts) from

the compound that

drive the mud

Diesel Electric SystemDiesel Electric System

Electric

Independent motors for eac! systemIndependent motors for eac! system

Electrical "s# ec!anicalElectrical "s# ec!anical

#lectrical Ad(antages

) $o hea(y* complicated mechanical compound to mo(e*

setup maintain ) #ngines off rig* reduce noise* (ibration heat

) Rotary speed* pump speed* etc! (aried easily

"echanical Ad(antages

) &ess complicated electrical system

) Cheaper to operate

The Power System

!oisting

Rotating

Circulating

$oisting System$oisting System

+rawworks catheads

+errick

Crown block Tra(eling block

,ire rope

Air hoist

T!e $oisting SystemT!e $oisting System

Drawwor%sDrawwor%s

Spool'shaped re(ol(ing drum

,ire rope is wrapped around it while hoisting

hea(y loads -and brakes stop the drum

Au.iliary brake absorbs some of the momentum

of a load

T!e Drawwor%sT!e Drawwor%s

"ra#e "ands

Drawwor%s &ra%esDrawwor%s &ra%es

Catline in place of 'ir $oistsCatline in place of 'ir $oists

Cat!eadCat!ead

A friction cathead pulls on coiled rope to hoist!

An automatic cathead spools in chain is used to

pull tongs! %n addition to catheads* air hoists are popular and

more safe

Cat!eadsCat!eads

$riction

athead

Ma#eup

athead

"ecause of safety

regulations% most

operations use airhoists instead of

friction catheads

Drilling (ine ) &loc%sDrilling (ine ) &loc%s

+rilling line runs from the

draw works /called fast

line0!

To the crown block around a shea(e!

To the tra(eling block

around a shea(e back to

the crown block! The number of raps depends

on the hoisting capacity

*ire Rope Drilling (ine*ire Rope Drilling (ine

CrownCrown

Sheave

&rilling 'ine isreeved several

times through the

traveling bloc#sheaves

&rilling'ine is

reeved

severaltimes

through the

crown bloc#sheaves

rown "loc#

Sheaves

&rilling 'ine

Dead (ine Tie-DownDead (ine Tie-Down

&ast wrap of the drilling line lea(es the crown and

is secured on the dead line tie'down on the

substructure! This line is called the dead line and is run to the

wire rope supply spool

Dead (ine Tie Down 'nc!or Dead (ine Tie Down 'nc!or

Drilling (ine on Supply ReelDrilling (ine on Supply Reel

Slipping Drilling (ineSlipping Drilling (ine

After specified usage* the drilling line must be

replaced using the supply spool

) Secure blocks ) &oosen line at dead head

) &oosen line at drawworks

) Slip line through blocks

) ,ire rope has ton1miles rating

Hoisting

The otating System ) %ncludes the de(ices that make the bit turn

Circulating

Rotating SystemRotating System

All the pipe between the swi(le and

the bit* including the kelly* the drill

pipe* and drill collars* is the drillstem!

The drill string includes only the

drill pipe!

SwivelSwivel

Carries weight of drill string

Permits drill string to rotate

Passageway for drilling fluid -ail ' connects swi(el to block

2ooseneck ' connects swi(el to rotary hose

The large bail of

this swivel hangsfrom the hoo# of

the traveling

Goosenec#

Swivel

+elly+elly

About 34 foot length of 3 to 5 sided pipe

Connects drill string to swi(el carries drill

string Passage way for drilling fluid

6lat sides pro(ide a way to turn the kelly thus

the drill string

T!e +elly is connected to t!e SwivelT!e +elly is connected to t!e Swivel

otary !ose

Swivel

Goosenec#

Standard *elly 'ength is +, feet

+elly &us!ing Rotates t!e +elly+elly &us!ing Rotates t!e +elly

7elly bushing ' fits on flat side of the kelly

turns the kelly

"aster bushing ' supports turns the kelly bushing

Rotary table ' supports turns the master bushing

Rig Floor Rig Floor

Master

"ushing

Rotary Ta,leRotary Ta,le

2i(es rotary drilling its name

%s dri(en by electric motor or the

compound1drawworks de(ice +ri(es the master bushing thus the drill string

Supports the slips that holds the drill pipe during

connections and tripping

SlipsSlips

6its around wedges the drill string

Tooth like gripping elements

Slips rotary table can support the drill stringhanging in the well bore

Slips prevent the

drill string from

falling throughthe rotary table

$inal setting point

Top DriveTop Drive

Replaces a con(entional swi(el

Has a powerful motor that turns the drill string

Rotates up down through tight spots Adds 8 joints of pipe at a time

Top &rive

Eliminates the need for a

rotary table and you candrill three oints per

connection More

e.pensive% but also more

efficient

Drill StringDrill String

+rill pipe

+rill collars

Drill Pipe ) Drill CollarsDrill Pipe ) Drill Collars

&rill Pipe &rill ollar

Drill PipeDrill Pipe

Carries drilling mud to the bit

Supports the drill collars

Turns the bit Tool joints increase the strength of a drill pipe

connection

+imensions steel grade affect drill pipe strength

The derric#

hand and floor

hands on this rigset bac# three-

oint stands of

drill pipe

Tool oint Cross SectionTool oint Cross Section

'll t!reads are lu,ricated 'll t!reads are lu,ricated

$loor hands

stab the pin

end of a tool oint into the

bo. end

Drill CollarsDrill Collars

Carries drilling mud to bit

Supplies weight to run on bit! Collars are hea(ier

than drill pipe Turns the bit

Drill Collar ,o. and pin endsDrill Collar ,o. and pin ends

Drill String 'ccessoriesDrill String 'ccessories

Additional pieces of equipment* or tools* in the

drill string when required

-it sub* kelly sa(er sub* cross o(er sub* liftingsub* pup joint* stabili9ers* reamers* upper lower

kelly cock* etc!

"it Sub

Most bits are pin up% so a sub is

needed to mate with the pin downdrill collars

Drill Collar (ifting Su,Drill Collar (ifting Su,

Elevators

&rill ollar

'ifting Sub

Elevator Shoulder

Stabili/er

$loor hands

position a stabili/er

over the hole prior

to ma#ing it up in

the bottom hole

assembly ("!0)

Reamer Sta,ili/er 0Roller Reamer1Reamer Sta,ili/er 0Roller Reamer1

1pper *elly oc# islocated between the

swivel and the top

of the #elly 2hen

closed% it protects

the swivel and

rotary hose from

pressure in the drillstem

'ower *elly 3alveis located between

the bottom of the

#elly and the top

oint of drill pipe

and is has the same

function as the

upper #elly coc#

4pen inside blow out preventer losed inside blow out preventer

&its&its

Roller cone ' steel tooth TC%* journal roller

bearing* sealed and non'sealed

6i.ed cutter ' P+C* natural diamond TSP Additional information co(ered on bits in this

school

5on-sealed steel

tooth roller

cone bit

Sealedbearing

carbide

tooth bit

"arious 2atural Diamond &its"arious 2atural Diamond &its

Poly-rystalline

&iamond

ompact (P&)

BT2 - Rig Components

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