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MALUMA HASS® : A NEW RELEASED CULTIVAR IN COMPARISON WITH HASS
BY
AA ERNST (ALLESBESTE NURSERY)
REG. NO. ZA 20043215
INTRODUCTION
HASS, A PREDOMINANTLY GUATEMALAN, WITH SOME MEXICAN GENES, WAS SELECTED IN 1926 BY MR RUDOLPH HASS AT LA GLABRA HEIGHTS, CALIFORNIA AS A CHANCE SEEDLING OF UNKNOWN PARENTAGE DUE TO ITS HIGH FLESH QUALITY, HIGHER YIELD AND LATER MATURITY THAN FUERTE. IN THE LAST 50 YEARS HASS HAS BECOME THE DOMINANT CULTIVAR GROWN IN SUBTROPICAL CLIMATES (NEWETT ET AL, 2002).
PLANT BREEDER’S RIGHTS (ZA 20043215) WAS GRANTED IN SOUTH AFRICA . REGISTRATION OF PLANT BREEDER’S RIGHTS FOR AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEELAND IS PENDING. MALUMA HASS HAS BEEN APPROVED IN SOUTH AFRICA AS AN EXPORT CULTIVAR (END OF 2006).
MALUMA HASS®, ALSO A PREDOMINANTLY GUATEMALAN WITH SOME MEXICAN GENES, WAS SELECTED IN THE EARLY 1990’S BY MR DRIES JOUBERT AT MALUMA FARM, SOUTH AFRICA, AS A CHANCE SEEDLING OF UNKNOWN PARENTAGE DUE TO ITS SIMILARITY TO HASS. ALLESBESTE NURSERY EVALUATED THE VARIETY.
TO DRAW A COMPARISON BETWEEN MALUMA HASS®
AND HASS
OBJECTIVE
MATERIAL AND METHODS
MALUMA HASS® WAS INTRODUCED INTO THE ALLESBESTE BREEDING AND SELECTION PROGRAMME (PHASE 2) DURING THE LATE 1990’S WHERE IT WAS SUBJECTED TO INTENSIVE TESTING
MALUMA HASS
TWO SEMI-COMMERCIAL TRIAL BLOCKS OF 1,5 HECTARE EACH WERE RESPECTIVELY PLANTED DURING MARCH 2001 WITH MALUMA HASS AND HASS GRAFTED ON CLONAL DUKE 7 WITH A 7 X 3,5 SPACING (408 PLANTS PER HA)
TRIAL BLOCKS WERE ESTABLISHED AT THE FARM HUMOR, TZANEEN IN THE LIMPOPO PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA
THE CO-ORDINATES OF THE SITE ARE S 23º 44’ 25.0” E 30º 11’ 01.1” AT AN ALTITUDE OF 793 METRES
COMPARISONS WERE MADE WITH REFERENCE TO TREE, FLOWER AND FRUITING CHARACTE- RISTICS OF THE TWO CULTIVARS
MALUMA HASS
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
MALUMA HASS
HASS
MALUMA
PICKED: 27/3/04 (WEEK 13)EAT RIPE: 9/4/04 (WEEK 15)
80% MOISTURE
MALUMA
PICKED: 23/03/06 (WEEK 12)
EAT RIPE: 06/04/06 (WEEK 14)
78% MOISTURE
MALUMA
PICKED 12/4/2006 (WEEK 15) MALUMA: 75% MOISTUREMALUMA HASS
FUERTE MOISTURE CONTENT
60
65
70
75
80
85
8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
WEEKS
PER
CEN
TAG
E
B1 D2 GEM Linear (GEM)
MALUMA-HASS MOISTURE CONTENT
60
65
70
75
80
85
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
WEEKS
PER
CEN
TAG
E (%
)
C3 Linear (C3)
MALUMA-HASS MOISTURE CONTENT / COUNT
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
WEEKS
PER
CEN
TAG
E (%
)
10 12 14 16 18 2022 24 26 GEM Linear (14) Linear (22)Linear (18) Linear (GEM) Linear (24)
HASS MOISTURE CONTENT
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
WEEKS
PER
CEN
TAG
E (%
)
A2 C4 C5 C8 D4-7 E F G GEM Linear (GEM)
78% 78%
78% 78%
Total EU Avocado Supply (updated 14/07/2006)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
20001 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51
Week on market
4 kg
Car
tons
('00
0)
Israel green Israel Hass Spain Green Spain Hass Mexico Green Mexico Hass Kenya Green Kenya HassArgentina Green Argentina Hass Peru Green Peru Hass Chile Hass RSA Green RSA Hass USA Hass
Bars to left of arrow represent actual shipments from Peru, but also include estimates from other origins. Bars to right of arrow represent estimates
GAP IN MARKET
ARRIVAL: UK
CHARACTERISTICS MALUMA HASS HASSPLANT BREEDER’S RIGHTS YES NO (EXPIRED)
RACE GUATEMALAN WITH SO ME MEXICAN GENES
GUATEMALAN WITH SO ME MEXICAN GENES
CANOPY SHAPE UPRIGHT, TRIANGULAR FAIRLY UPRIGHT, CIRCULAR (ROUND)
CANOPY STRUCTURE CENTRAL LEADER WITH LATERAL BRANCHING SEVERAL LEADER BRANCHES
CANOPY DENSITY GOOD LIGHT PENETRATION DENSE, POOR LIGHT PENETRATION
GROWTH VIGOUR THRIFTY MEDIUM – VIGOROUS
GROWTH MANIPULATION YES, PRUNING WITH OUT GROWTH RETARDANT
YES, PRUNING WITH GROWTH RETARDANT
PLANT DENSITY (MANIPULATED) 400 – 800 / HA 200 – 400 / HA
PRECOCITY HIGH INTERMEDIATE
BEARING PATTERN AND PRODUCTIVITY FAIRLY CONSTANT AND HIGH ALTERNATIVE AND MODERATE
HARVEST PERIOD (EXPORT) WEEK 12 – 24 WEEK 18– 33
TABLE 1 COMPARISON BETWEEN TREE CHARACTERISTICS
CHARACTERISTICS MALUMA HASS HASSFLOWER GROUP A A
FRUIT (ORCHARD) INTERNAL COLD DAMAGE AT FROST POINT MODERATE – NONE SEVERE – MODERATE
FRUIT SIZE 150 – 400G 100 – 330G
FRUIT SHAPE PYRIFORM OBOVATE
FRUIT COLOUR (RIPE) PURPLE-BLACK REDDISH-PURPLE
FRUIT APPEARANCE SHINY DULL
SEED SHAPE OBOVATE WITH FLAT BASE OBOVATE
SEED AS % OF TOTAL FRUIT VOLUME 10 – 15% 20 – 25%
SKIN THICKNESS 1–2 MM 1–2 MM
SKIN TEXTURE SEMI-ROUGH, PEBBLY AND LEATHERY
SEMI-ROUGH, LIGHT PEBBLY AND LEATHERY
LENTICEL DAMAGE TOLERANT SUSCEPTIBLE
MATURITY ≤
78% ≤
77%
TASTE & FLAVOUR EXCELLENT, RICH AND TASTY EXCELLENT, RICH AND NUTTY
FLESH COLOUR CREAMY-YELLOW WITH LIGHT GREEN RIND
CREAMY-YELLOW WITH LIGHT GREEN RIND
FLESH TEXTURE SMOOTH AND SLIGHT FIBRE SMOOTH AND SLIGHT FIBRE
SHIPPING AND STORAGE ABILITY EXCELLENT AND ACCEPTABLE EXCELLENT AND GOOD
TABLE 2 COMPARISON BETWEEN FLOWER AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS
CHARACTERISTICS MALUMA HASS HASSCERCOSPERA RESISTANT RESISTANT
ANTHRACNOSE TOLERANT TOLERANT
RING NECKSTRESS RELATED, SMALL FRUIT ASSOCIATED – LESS SIGNIFICANT
STRESS RELATED, SMALL FRUIT ASSOCIATED
PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS NEGLIGIBLE IF MANAGED NEGLIGIBLE IF MANAGED
INSECT TOLERANCE FAIRLY TOLERANT FAIRLY TOLERANT
TABLE 3 COMPARISON BETWEEN RESISTANCE TO FRUIT DISEASES AND INCIDENCE OF DISORDERS
MALUMA HASS vs HASS CUMULATIVE PRODUCTION & INCOME PER HECTARE
6260.8
36363
15146.2
32062.5
2601.9
53132
466.7
21619.5
$41,041.61
$29,450.87
$3,942.29
$13,327.95
$2,789.47
$8,826.96
$364.20
$19,213.37
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
2 3 4 5
AGE (YEAR)
PRO
DU
CTI
ON
(KG
)
$0.00
$5,000.00
$10,000.00
$15,000.00
$20,000.00
$25,000.00
$30,000.00
$35,000.00
$40,000.00
$45,000.00
INC
OM
E (U
S$)
Maluma - Kg/Ha Hass - Kg/Ha Maluma - Income / Ha Hass - Income / Ha
CONCLUSIONS
MALUMA HASS®
IS AN EARLY BEARING TRIANGULAR SHAPED THRIFTY UPRIGHT GROWING TREE WITH A NATURAL CENTRAL LEADER AND LATERAL BRANCHING, ALLOWING FOR GOOD LIGHT PENETRATION AND HIGH PRODUCTIVITY
MALUMA HASS®
SUCCESSFULLY RELEASED FROM THE BREEDNG AND SELECTION PROGRAM OF ALLESBESTE NURSERY, SOUTH AFRICA
COULD BE CONSIDERED FOR HIGH-DENSITY PLANTINGS
MALUMA HASS®
IS PRECOCIOUS, WITH A HIGH AND CONSTANT BEARING PATTERN ANNUALLY
SIGNIFICANTLY OUTPERFORMS HASS, ON A PLANT DENSITY OF 400 TREES PER HECTARE, ON PRODUCTION AND INCOME
PRODUCTIVE WITHOUT THE USE OF GROWTH RETARDANTS WITH SUBSTANTIAL SAVING IN PRODUCTION COST
MALUMA HASS®
HAS A BETTER COUNT DISTRIBUTION THAN HASS
BEING AN EARLY FRUITING CULTIVAR IT CAN SUCCESSFULLY EXTEND THE HASS SEASON BY ONE MONTH
ON FRUIT APPEARANCE, QUALITY AND TASTE MALUMA HASS COMPARES VERY FAVOURABLE WITH HASS
ACCEPTED BY TESCO (A LEADING U.K. SUPERMARKET) FOR ITS RIPE-AND-READY PROGRAMMES
FULL EXPORT CULTIVAR STATUS IN SOUTH AFRICA SINCE END 2006 - EXPORTS WELL
MALUMA HASS IS EITHER RESISTANT OR TOLERATES THE MOST IMPORTANT FRUIT DISEASES AND DISORDERS
ALLESBESTE NURSERY HOLDS THE PLANT BREEDER’S RIGHTS FOR MALUMA HASS® UNDER REGISTRATION NUMBER ZA 20043215
THE REGISTRATION FOR PLANT BREEDER’S RIGHTS IS PENDING IN NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIA
MALUMA-HASS®
REG. NO. ZA 20043215
THANK YOU