Post on 14-Mar-2018
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History of Cells• Robert Hooke (1665) observed cork under a
microscope
• Thought they looked like the rooms monks lived in called cells.
History of Cells
• Antony Van Leeuwenhoek (1683)
– first recorded observations of single-celled, animal-like creatures(animalcules)
Courtesy of: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu
1) All living things are composed of cells. (Schleiden and Schwan 1838)
2) Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. (Schleiden and Schwan 1838)
3) New cells are produced from existing cells. (Virchow 1855)
Cell Theory
Microscope Technology
• Compound Light Microscope: 100x
• Electron Microscope: 500,000x
• Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM): 3-D images
2 Cell Types1. PROKARYOTES• “before nucleus” = NO
NUCLEUS!
• Small and simple
• No membrane bound organelles
• Unicellular
• Ex: Eubacteria and archaea
2. EUKARYOTES• “true nucleus”= Has a
nucleus!
• Large and complex (greater adaptability)
• Yes! membrane bound Organelles
• Unicellular or multicellular
• Ex: animals, plants, fungi, protists
• Turn to your shoulder partner and tell them:
–Partner 1: “Prokaryotic cells are different from Eukaryotic cells because _________________________.”
–Partner 2: “I agree/disagree with you because _________________________.”
Complexity of Cells and the Endosymbiotic Theory
One prokaryotic cell engulfed another
smaller prokaryotic cell…
Endo- “in”Symbiosis- interaction of two organisms living togetherTherefore the theory states that organelles found in eukaryotic cells came from preexisting prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
Membrane Bound Organelles…
A science-y way of saying that eukaryotic cells have
“organs” just like the human body has organs!
Each organelle has a separate function….
Organelle #1: Cell Membrane =
phospholipid bilayer = Plasma Membrane
• Seen in all cells!
• isolates the cell contents from the environment
• regulates movement of materials into and out of the cell (semipermeable or selectively permeable membrane)
Far
away
Up
close
#3 Ribosomes• Site of protein synthesis: the
creation of proteins.
• What monomers are these
Ribosomes linking together to
create these proteins?!
#4 Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Rough ER
– Protein Synthesis
– Covered in ribosomes
– In all eukaryotic cells
• Smooth ER
– Lipid production
– In all eukaryotic cells
#5 Golgi Body/Apparatus
• Packaging and transport of proteins made by the ribosomes
• In all eukaryotic cells
#8 Chloroplast
• Essential for photosynthesis
• Plants use sunlight energy to convert carbon dioxide and water to glucose & oxygen
• contains Chlorophyll(pigment that absorbs sunlight)
• PLANTS only
• Has its own DNA
#9 Lysosomes• Purpose: digestion for
the cell.
• A membrane bound organelle (only in animals) containing various enzymes.
• The lysosome is created by the endoplasmic reticulum. It then floats in the cytoplasm of a cell until it is needed.
#10 Cell Wall
• Protects and supportsthe cell
• Absent in animal cells (present in all other types of cells)
• Made of cellulose (carbohydrate)
Courtesy of:http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://biology.unm.edu
Comparing Cells pg. 199
• Nucleus
• Nucleolus
• Nuclear envelope
• Chromatin & Chromosomes
• Ribosomes
• Rough Endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)
• Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)
• Cilia
• flagella
• Golgi Apparatus
• Lysosomes
• Vacuole
• Mitochondria
• Chloroplasts
• Cytoskeleton
• Cell membrane
• Cell Wall
• Centrioles