Post on 02-Jan-2016
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Prokaryotes DO have: Cell Membrane Cell Wall (not like plant’s cell wall)
Cytoplasm DNA (genetic material) Ribosomes Flagella / Cilia
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Prokaryotes DO NOT have: Nucleus Membrane Bound
Organelles
Flagella
Cilia
Remember: Bacteria are Prokaryotes
What is a Prokaryote?
Plants
Animals Fungi
Protista
Eukaryotes DO have:NucleusMembrane Bound Organelles
(Mitochondria, E.R., Golgi, etc.)
What is a Eukaryote?
•Cell Wall•Chloroplasts•Large Vacuole
What 3 things do PLANT CELLS have that an animal cells
do not have?
3 Parts of the newest Modern Cell Theory
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in all living things
All cells contain specialized structures (organelles) to perform functions necessary for life
All organisms are made of one or more cells and come from other cells by reproduction
Who invented the microscope and saw the first living cells in pond water and called them “wee beasties?”
Leeuwenhoek
“Lee” sounds like “Wee”
Who saw cork and named the chambers “Cells”?
Hint: His name rhymes with “cork”
Hooke
What did Schwann say?
What did Schleiden say?
Schwann claimed that all animals are made of cells.
Think: Schwann sounds like swan
Schleiden claimed that all plants are made of cells.
Think: Schlidin’ down the vine
Who claimed that all cells must come from existing cellsby reproduction?
Virchow“Vircow”
Hint: His name sounds like “cow”
Cows come from cowsCells come from cells
Who did this red meat experiment and believed in biogenesis?
Redi For Biogenesis
No Growth No Growth
Who did this experiment and believed in abiogenesis?
Needham – Abiogenesis(He needed more information on how to do a good experiment)
Heated (not boiled) Broth
Who repeated Needham’s experiment but this time boiled the broth and got NO GROWTH in the sealed flask? SPALLANZANI
Believed in BIOGENESISCONTROL = OPEN
FLASK GROWTH
NO GROWTH IN CLOSED
FLASKBOILED BROTH
What determines the shape of a cell?
The cell’s FUNCTION
Nerve Cells Blood Cells Muscle Cells
Examples:Red blood cells
blood cells
Nerve cellsWhite
Cell Specialization is when cells perform a specific function for an
organism.
What is the semi-permeable membrane, phospholipid bilayer that regulates what goes in and out of a cell?
Cell Membrane
What is the hard covering of the plant cell that provides support
and protection for the plant cell?
Cell Wall
What 3 things pass through the cell membrane or cell wall easily?
Carbon DioxideBy Diffusion Oxygen
By Diffusion
H2OBy Osmosis
What is located in the cell membrane to selectively allow larger things into and out of the cell?
Protein in Protein Channels
What is the jelly-like liquid between the cell membrane
and the nucleus?
Cytoplasmcyto = cell
plasm = fluid
What covers the outside of the nucleus and what are the holes called to allow ribosomes and RNA out?
Nuclear Membrane (Nuclear Envelope)and Nuclear Pores
What organelle is the powerhouse of the cell and found in all Eukaryotes (Plants, Animals, Fungi, Protista)
Hint: Think Mighty Mouse that has lots of power
Mitochondria
What makes proteins for the cell?
Hint: If you eat Ribs you are getting protein from the meat.
RIBOSOMES
VACUOLE
What is the large sac in a plant cell (holds water) and small sac in an animal (used for storage) called?
Transportation and processing of
Proteins
Transportation and processing of Lipids
& Carbs
___E.R.________is a folded membrane and transports materials throughout the cell.
____________ is used in packaging proteins and other materials and transport out of cell?
Hint: Think of packaging and sending a gold necklace to your friend in another state. Look like stack of pancakes
Golgi Bodies or Golgi Apparatus
What are the microtubules covering
the cell like hair used for movement?
What are the microtubules that are whip-like and used for
movement?
Cilia
Flagella
PROKARYOTES!!!
The movement of molecules (CO₂ , O₂) from HIGH → LOW concentration and does NOT need a cell membrane but can cross one is called __DIFFUSION__
What is movement of HIGH → LOW concentration that needs a cell membrane, a protein but no energy?
Also called “Passive
Transport”
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
What is movement of LOW → HIGH concentration that needs a cell membrane, a protein and needs energy?
___ Endocytosis _____ is when a large food particle is moved into the cell using a cell membrane and energy.
ENDO = ENTER
___ Exocytosis _____ is when a large particle is moved out of the cell using a cell membrane and energy.
EXO = Exit
Endocytosis and Exocytosis (moving big particles in or out of the cell) is also called __BULK TRANSPORT_.
Bulk Transport
When the solute concentration inside and outside of the cell is equal. This is called an isotonic solution. Water goes
in and out; cell stays the same.
1010%10%
H2O
When the solute concentration outside the cell is higher than inside the cell it is called Hypertonic Solution. Water goes
out of cell; cell shrinks.
1010%20%
H2O
When the solute concentration inside the cell is higher than outside the cell it is called a Hypotonic solution. Water goes into the
cell. The cell swells.
1020%10%
H2O
What happens to the cell in this situation? Cell ShrinksWhere does water move in this situation? Water moves out
75% H2O 25% Solute
93% H2O7% Solute
Water goes out
You need to understand what happens when given water concentrations instead of solute concentrations.
Hypertonic Solution
Name the 2 reasons cells cannot be the size of a basketball and explain.
1. Geometry: Volume increases faster than surface area which makes it hard for membrane to keep up with needs of the cell
2. Practical aspects: Nucleus can’t handle that big of a job.