Ch. 10 union in peril

transcript

The Union in PerilChapter 10, pp. 302- 334

WARM- UP/ TEXTBOOK WALK

In your notebook/paper, please answer the following:1. What is the name of Ch. 10?2. What page/color section is the index? What is it used for?3. On what page/ section can you find reference maps? 4. Name one topic from Chs. 10- 20 that you would like to know more about.5. Name one topic from Chs. 10- 20 in which you already know about.

The Slave System Eli Whitney’s invention of cotton gin=

separated seeds from cotton increased speed of cotton production

Made cotton industry extremely profitable $$$$ to South

Cotton belt- an area from North Carolina to Texas that relied on cotton production for economy

Cotton Belt and Trade

Plantation slaves

How did they come? The Middle Passage- Long journey of slaves

across the Atlantic Ocean

Sold at Slave auctions

Slave Auctions

The Middle Passage Long journey of transporting slaves across the Atlantic Ocean

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCHvD2DyWeY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vo-JejTp7O4

Assignment: What was your reaction to the clip?

The main idea of the clip was_____________________________________________________________________________________________________.After seeing this, I felt_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________.I felt this way because (for example), ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Response- on notebook paper, hand in

Based on viewing the clip and looking through the images book “From Slave Ship to Freedom Road” answer the following questions in at least one full paragraph:

1. What shocked you the most after viewing?2. What do you think would be the most difficult

part of the slave journey?3. Why do you think this continued to occur?

Nat Turner’s Rebellion Most violent slave revolt in history Nat Turner- slave who led a group of slaves

to kill 60 white people, 100 slaves killed Turner put on trial and executed Stricter slave codes in place as result

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Oad2tY-RPc

http://www.nationalgeographic.com/railroad/

What was it? The Underground Railroad, a

large network of people who helped fugitive slaves escape to the North and to Canada.

Who Helped? Not run by any single organization

or person. Made up of many individuals --

many whites but mainly black -- who knew only of the local efforts to aid fugitives and not of the overall operation.

What did it do? Moved hundreds of slaves northward

each year

South lost 100,000 slaves between 1810 and 1850.

http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=19374

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Zgdv-E64Mg- William Still and the Underground RR

http://www.history.com/topics/underground-railroad

Think pair share- Primary Source Turn to the last page in your yellow packet –

Primary Source- “The Underground Railroad” Read silently- highlight the “pros” of being a

conductor in one color and the “cons” in another

Answer #1-3- then discuss with your neighbor

The Language of Quilts

Monkey Wrench Quilt PatternIf people displayed a quilt sewn in the Monkey Wrench pattern, it was a signal. It told them it was time to gather the tools they needed for their journey. These tools might be real tools. They might also be tools like courage and awareness

Drunkard’s Path PatternThe Drunkard’s Path quilt would remind them to travel in a zigzag pattern as they traveled to confuse those who might be following them. This patterned quilt may also have represented the placement of “stations” of the Underground Railroad in a certain area.

Today’s Big Question:What were the major differences between the northern and southern states before the Civil War? How will these difference help and hurt the states when the war breaks out?

Divisive Politics of Slavery Debate over slavery Some states wanted popular sovereignty

(power for people to decide if they wanted slavery permitted or not)

Some states wanted to keep slavery New states wanted to decide for themselves

Differences Between the North and the SouthUse pp. 304- 305 with a partner

North South

Differences Between the North and the SouthNorth South

Industrial RailroadsFactories Many Immigrants

Capital**

Differences Between the North and the SouthNorth South

Industrial RailroadsFactories Many Immigrants

Capital**

RuralAgricultural basedLittle industryFew Railroads Few Immigrants

Free and Slaves States, 1820

Free and Slave States 1860

Exit ticket- on notebook paper! What regional differences still exist today

between the North and South, or other regions of the U.S.? How can this cause conflict? Modern day examples??

The Divisive Politics of Slavery

Divisive Politics of Slavery Debate over slavery Some states wanted popular sovereignty

(power for people to decide if they wanted slavery permitted or not)

Some states wanted to keep slavery New states wanted to decide for themselves

Chapter 10

Statehood for California• 1850, CA writes constitution; elects leaders; applies for statehood• Pres. Zachary Taylor supports admission of California as free state• Recommends to angry South that slavery be decided by each

territory

Slavery in the Territories

The Wilmot Proviso• Wilmot Proviso—no slavery in territory acquired from Mexico • North: slave territory adds slave states; no jobs for free

workers• South: slaves are property under Constitution; fear more free

states

Event North’s Reaction South’s Reaction

The Wilmot ProvisoCalifornia asks to be admitted as a state (they want to be free of slavery)

The Wilmot Proviso

Favored the bill, would ban slavery in new land

Angry! Said that people had the right to slavery since slaves were “property”

Never becomes law!!!

California asks to be admitted as a state (they want to be free of slavery)

The Wilmot Proviso

Favored the bill, would ban slavery in new land

Angry! Said that people had the right to slavery since slaves were “property”

Never becomes law!!!

California asks to be admitted as a state (they want to be free of slavery)

Happy! President Taylor backed it

Angry Again! Said California should be a slave state Missouri Line

EXIT TICKET• What do you think was the most important difference

between the North and South before the war? How may this difference help or hurt them in the war later?

• Written response!!

Compromise of 1850• California will be a Free State (no slavery

allowed!)• Fugitive Slave Act is Passed• Popular Sovereignty in the new territories

Compromise of 1850• California will be a Free State (no slavery

allowed!) (1 point for the North)• Fugitive Slave Act is Passed (1 point for the

South) • Popular Sovereignty in the new territories (each side gets one point)

The Score is Tied! Just another temporary fix

Compromise of 1850Terms of the Compromise

•Compromise has provisions to make North and South happy:

- California to be a free state- more effective fugitive slave law- popular sovereignty—residents of territory vote

to decide slavery - government to pay Texas $10 million for its claim to

eastern NM- slave trade banned in D.C. but slavery permitted

•Clay gives speech begging North and South to compromise, save Union

The DebatersCalhoun and Webster Respond

•Clay’s speech starts one of greatest debates in U.S. history•John C. Calhoun presents Southern case for slavery in territories•In famous speech, Daniel Webster calls for national unity

The Compromise is Adopted•Senate rejects compromise; Clay leaves Washington•Stephen A. Douglas reintroduces resolutions individually•President Millard Filmore gives support; South decides to negotiate - Compromise of 1859 voted into law

What did they want?Use pp. 307- 309 with a partner!

Clay Calhoun Webster

Fugitive Slave Act Made a crime to help runaway slaves- allowed

people to arrest slaves in free areas If people helped/hid a slave, they could face

jail time and fines up to $1,000 People could earn money helping find escaped

slaves

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wtLoat_5TgQ

Reactions to Fugitive Slave Act Thousands of African Americans fled north to

Canada in fear Upset northerners (who were mostly against

slavery)

AbolitionistsHarriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad

• Underground Railroad—secret network of people who help slaves escape

• Harriet Tubman escapes from slavery, becomes conductor on 19 trips

• Fugitives go on foot at night, often no food, avoiding armed patrols• Some fugitives stayed in North; others go on to Canada

Uncle Tom’s Cabin• Abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin stirs

protest• Uncle Tom’s Cabin shows slavery as moral problem, not just

political

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe

(northerner) Story about a slave facing horrible conditions

by his slave master and family South outraged- thought it over-exaggerated

slaves’ lives Most popular book of the day- over 2 million

copies sold

Tension in KansasThe Kansas-Nebraska Act

• Douglas’s bill repeals Missouri Compromise; bitter debate ensues • 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act allows popular sovereignty on slavery

The Race for Kansas• Northern, Southern settlers pour into Kansas Territory• Most settlers sent by antislavery emigrant aid societies• In 1855, Kansas holds election for territorial legislature• Proslavery “border ruffians” vote illegally, win fraudulent majority• Proslavery government in Lecompton; antislavery rival in Topeka

Chapter 10

Violence in the Senate• Senator Charles Sumner verbally attacks colleagues, slavery• Congressman Preston S. Brooks beats Sumner for insults to uncle• Southerners applaud Brooks; Northerners condemn him

Violence Erupts in “Bleeding Kansas”

“The Pottawatomie Massacre”• Abolitionist John Brown believes God wants him to fight slavery• Brown, followers violently kill 5 men in “Pottawatomie Massacre”• Territory called Bleeding Kansas for incidents that kill some 200

Charles Sumner caning

Packet Classwork due today: Pp. 12- 13 (should’ve already done 9-10) Pp. 15, 17, 21 Use pp. 311- 317

Packet work due Tues. 10/7 P. 22, 23 -24, 26

Chapter 10

Nativism• Nativism—belief in favoring native-born Americans over

immigrants• Nativists form American Party (1854), known as Know-Nothing

The Birth of the Republican PartySection-3

New Political Parties EmergeSlavery Divides Whigs

• Democrat Franklin Pierce elected president in 1852

Chapter 10

The Free-Soilers

• Free-Soil Party opposes extension of slavery into territories

• Many Free-Soilers not abolitionists; support restrictions on blacks

• Object to slavery’s impact on white wage-based labor force

Chapter 10

The 1856 Election• Republicans select John C. Frémont—mapped OR Trail, led troops in CA• Democrat James Buchanan elected; secession averted

Antislavery Parties Form {continued}

Republican Party• 1854, unhappy Whigs, Democrats, Free-Soilers form Republican Party • Horace Greeley, abolitionist, helps found Republican party• Republicans oppose slavery in territories; other opinions varied• Main competition for voters is Know-Nothing Party

President Buchanan Very indecisive Presidency plagued by slavery-related

controversies The first, March 6, 1857 (The Dred Scott

Decision)

Dred Scott Dred Scott – an African-American slave. Taken by his master, an officer in the U.S. Army, from the

slave state of Missouri to the free state of Illinois and then to the free territory of Wisconsin.

He lived on free soil for a long time.

Army ordered his master to go back to Missouri, he took Scott with him back to that slave state, where his master died.

In 1846, Scott was helped by Abolitionist (anti-slavery) lawyers to sue for his freedom in court, claiming he should be free since he had lived on free soil for a long time.

The case went all the way to the United States Supreme Court.

The Dred Scott Decision The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Roger B.

Taney, was a former slave owner from Maryland. In March of 1857, Scott lost his case The Supreme Court declared no slave or descendant

of a slave could be a U.S. citizen, or ever had been a U.S. citizen.

As a non-citizen, the court stated, Scott had no rights and could not sue in a Federal Court and must remain a slave.

Results of the Dred Scott Decision At that time there were nearly 4 million slaves in

America The court's ruling affected the status of every

enslaved and free African-American in the United States.

North cited the controversial Supreme Court decision as evidence that Southerners wanted to extend slavery throughout the nation

Southerners approved the Dred Scott decision believing Congress had no right to prohibit slavery in the territories.

Overall, the Dred Scott decision had the effect of angering more people

More differences of opinion between North and South

Chapter 10

Continued…

Lincoln-Douglas DebatesCopy the chart below and use your p. 326 in your textbook to complete.

Lincoln’s position Douglas’ position

-Slavery is immoral/evil-Stop the spread of slavery-A law needs to be passedTo stop its spread

- Popular sovereignty will solve the slavery problem

Chapter 10

John Brown’s Hanging• Brown is hanged for high treason, December 1859• Many Northerners admire Brown; Southerners fear future uprisings

Passions Ignite

Harpers Ferry• John Brown plans to start a slave uprising, needs weapons • 1859, leads band to federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry to get

arms• U.S. Marines put down rebellion, capture Brown

South secedes from the rest of the US Secede- to separate, break away South wanted to keep slavery, thought no

compromise could be reached South Carolina first decided to break apart

from US Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia,

Louisiana, Texas, formed their own “country” called Confederate States of America (Confederacy)

Chapter 10

Continued…

Southern Secession

The Shaping of the Confederacy• South Carolina and 6 other states secede:

- want complete independence from federal control- fear end to their way of life- want to preserve slave labor system

• Feb. 1861 Confederacy or Confederate States of America forms

• Confederacy permits slavery, recognizes each state’s sovereignty

• Former senator Jefferson Davis unanimously elected president

Map of Confederacy

Ch. 10 union in peril

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