Post on 14-Apr-2017
transcript
Chapter 14 part 1Empires and Encounters
1450-1750
Europe in the
Americas
Motives?
why not Asians or Africans?
Spanish Conquistadors
Aztec
Inca
AztecMexica Tenochca
Moctezuma II
(1466-1520)
Last great Aztec king
Aztec culture
and warfare
very different
from Spain
Hernándo Cortés
(1485-1547)
1519 Lands in Mexico with
550 men
“I have come to win
gold, not plow the
fields like a peasant.”
From Cuba to TenochtitlanAlliances with enemies of the Aztec
La Malincheaka Malinalli orDona Marina
Adviser, translator, and lover to Cortes
Moctezuma sent gifts mistaking
Cortes for Quetzalcoatl
------------------------------
Spanish took Tenochtitlan
and Montezuma as a hostage
... So be assured that we shall obey you and hold you as our lord in place of that great sovereign of whom you speak; and in this there shall be no offense or betrayal whatsoever.”
-Montezuma II’s Greeting To Cortes in 1519
…Your Majesties may, if You see fit, send a report to the Holy Father, so that diligence and good order may be applied to the work of converting these people, … also that His Holiness may permit and approve that the wicked and the rebellious, …may be punished as enemies of our Holy Catholic Faith. …and the great evils which they practice in the service of the Devil may be prevented…-From a 1521 letter from Cortés to Spanish King Charles V
1520 massacre of Aztec nobles led to an anti-Spanish revolt
1520 Spanish ran out of Tenochtitlan
…but, they left something behind…
Disease
Small Pox
1520 Aztecs defeated & enslaved
1526 European
Map of South
America
Inca Empire
Francisco Pizarro
1530 Invaded the Inca
Smallpox Epidemic
--------------------1533 the Inca
were conquered
GunsHorsesSteelDisease
How was the conquest viewed by the natives?
1400 and 1500s
Columbian ExchangeTransfer of plants, animals, peoples, and
disease between continents
From the Americas to Europe(New World to Old World)
Greatly Increased European Population
Tobacco Drying Plantation
Cochineal Cactus Bugs
Were Dried And Crushed to
Make…
“True”Red Dye and
Paints
Natural Resources
Syphilis
From Europe to the Americas(Old World to New World)
African Slavery 1st transported by Portugal1500-1870 : 12,500,000 slaves transported
~15% died on the voyage
Smallpox Cholera Influenza MalariaPlague Mumps Leprosy Cold
The Great Dying60-80 million deaths from disease Haiti:
Pre-Columbus = 100,0001570 = only 300
Mexico:1500 = 25,000,0001570 = 3,000,000
Americapox The Missing Plague.wmv
Why didn’t Europe experience an American born plague?
European Imperialists relied on economic Mercantilism
resources, trade balance, bullion, protectionism
Comparing Colonial Societies
North AmericaBrazil and the CaribbeanSpanish MesoandSouth America
• Urban and densely populated• Europeanization•More native
labor than African slaves
Spanish Meso and South America
Spanish Encomienda Systemconvert and “protect” natives in
exchange for forced labor
Agriculture and Mining
America-Asia-Europe trade network established by Spain (silver)
Dawn of Globalism
Complicated racial class
systemcreoles,
peninsulares, mestizos,
mulattoes, etc.
Future generations saw themselves as something new
Native (Indian) culture diminished, but retained some autonomy
Colonies of Sugar•Brazil
(Portugal) Caribbean (British, French, Dutch)
• Export sugar, import food
Mass use of African slave labor80% of slave trade
Labor intensive and dangerous work
Racial mixing between
Europeans and Africans
similar to Spanish colonies
North American - Settler ColoniesMerchant capitalists beyond old world hierarchies
Larger number of European
(British) settlers
Independent small farmers
European women = less racial mixing (“white”, “red”, and “black”)
Protestants promoted education(religion a personal experience)
War and disease decimated natives
Slavery plantations prominent in the south (who were the slaves?)
Spanish Meso and S. America Brazil and the
Caribbean
North America
Compare the actions and effects of European colonization of North America, Mesoamerica, and the Caribbean.