CH1019 Chemical Process Technology

Lecture4a

Chapter3Fer/lizerIndustries

BalasubramanianSAssistantProfessor(OG)DepartmentofChemicalEngineering

Chapter3 FERTILIZERINDUSTRIES

Nitrogenindustries

Phosphorousindustries

Potassiumindustries

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2

Overview of topics

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Chapter3 FERTILIZERINDUSTRIES

Nitrogenindustries

Phosphorousindustries

Potassiumindustries

1

2

Overview of topics

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3

Fertilizer industries – Nitric Acid

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Nitricacidisanacidwhichiscompletelymisciblewithwater;

formsaconstantboilingmixtureat120oC.

Endusesofnitricacid

-  Usedinthemanufactureofammoniumnitrate

-  Usedinthemanufactureofexplosives

-  Usedinthemanufactureofadipicacidwhichisoneofthe

precursorsforplas/csandfibers.

-  Usedinthemanufactureofnitobenzene(aniline)

-  Usedinthemanufactureofsodium,potassium,andcalcium

nitrates.

Fertilizer industries – Nitric Acid

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Methodsofproduc/on

-  Ammoniaoxida/onprocess

-  NaNO3+H2SO4process

-  N2fixa/onfromair

-  Nitrogenfixa/onbynuclearfission

fragments

Fertilizer industries – Nitric Acid

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Ammoniaoxida/onprocessforthemanufactureofnitricacid

Themajorstepsinvolvedare:

① Oxida/onofNH3toNO

② Oxida/onofNOtoNO2

③ Absorp/onofNO2inwater

④ Concentra/onofHNO3

Fertilizer industries – Nitric Acid

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Ammoniaoxida/onprocessforthemanufactureofnitricacid

Themajorstepsinvolvedare:

① Oxida/onofNH3toNO

② Oxida/onofNOtoNO2

③ Absorp/onofNO2inwater

④ Concentra/onofHNO3

Fertilizer industries – Nitric Acid

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Ammoniaoxida/onprocessforthemanufactureofnitricacid

Themainreac/onsandsidereac/onsinvolvedare:

Fertilizer industries – Nitric Acid

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Ammoniaoxida/onprocessforthemanufactureofnitricacid

Fertilizer industries – Urea

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-  Ureaisanitrogencompoundwiththelargestproduc/on

volumeintheworld

-  Itsu/liza/onisincreasingsteadily,itbeingthepreferrednitrogenfer/lizerworldwide.

Fertilizer industries – Urea

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Endusesofurea:

-  Usedassolidfer/lizer-  Usedasliquidfer/lizer-  Usedinthemanufactureofformaldehyderesin,

melamineandadhesives.

Fertilizer industries – Urea

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ManufactureofUreabyammoniadecarbamate

decomposi/on:

Mainstepsinvolved:

① Forma/onofammoniumcarbamate

(NH4.COO.NH2)

② Decomposi/onofammoniumcarbamateinto

Urea(NH2.CO.NH2)

③ Forma/onofbiuret

Fertilizer industries – Urea

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Fertilizer industries – Urea

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-  Biuretisachemicalcompoundwiththechemicalformula

C2H5N3O2.

-  Itisalsoknownascarbamylurea.Itistheresultof

condensa/onoftwomoleculesofureaandisanimpurity

inurea-basedfer/lizers.

-  Thiswhitesolidissolubleinhotwater.

Sulfur Industries

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References

1.  DrydenC.E,OutlinesofChemicaltechnology–forthe21stCentury,3rdedi/on,East-WestPress(2004)

2.  Aus/nG.T,Shreve’sChemicalProcessIndustries,5thedi/on,McGrawHillInterna/onaledi/ons(1984)