CH1019 Chemical Process Technology
Lecture4a
Chapter3Fer/lizerIndustries
BalasubramanianSAssistantProfessor(OG)DepartmentofChemicalEngineering
Chapter3 FERTILIZERINDUSTRIES
Nitrogenindustries
Phosphorousindustries
Potassiumindustries
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2
Overview of topics
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Chapter3 FERTILIZERINDUSTRIES
Nitrogenindustries
Phosphorousindustries
Potassiumindustries
1
2
Overview of topics
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3
Fertilizer industries – Nitric Acid
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Nitricacidisanacidwhichiscompletelymisciblewithwater;
formsaconstantboilingmixtureat120oC.
Endusesofnitricacid
- Usedinthemanufactureofammoniumnitrate
- Usedinthemanufactureofexplosives
- Usedinthemanufactureofadipicacidwhichisoneofthe
precursorsforplas/csandfibers.
- Usedinthemanufactureofnitobenzene(aniline)
- Usedinthemanufactureofsodium,potassium,andcalcium
nitrates.
Fertilizer industries – Nitric Acid
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Methodsofproduc/on
- Ammoniaoxida/onprocess
- NaNO3+H2SO4process
- N2fixa/onfromair
- Nitrogenfixa/onbynuclearfission
fragments
Fertilizer industries – Nitric Acid
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Ammoniaoxida/onprocessforthemanufactureofnitricacid
Themajorstepsinvolvedare:
① Oxida/onofNH3toNO
② Oxida/onofNOtoNO2
③ Absorp/onofNO2inwater
④ Concentra/onofHNO3
Fertilizer industries – Nitric Acid
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Ammoniaoxida/onprocessforthemanufactureofnitricacid
Themajorstepsinvolvedare:
① Oxida/onofNH3toNO
② Oxida/onofNOtoNO2
③ Absorp/onofNO2inwater
④ Concentra/onofHNO3
Fertilizer industries – Nitric Acid
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Ammoniaoxida/onprocessforthemanufactureofnitricacid
Themainreac/onsandsidereac/onsinvolvedare:
Fertilizer industries – Nitric Acid
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Ammoniaoxida/onprocessforthemanufactureofnitricacid
Fertilizer industries – Urea
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- Ureaisanitrogencompoundwiththelargestproduc/on
volumeintheworld
- Itsu/liza/onisincreasingsteadily,itbeingthepreferrednitrogenfer/lizerworldwide.
Fertilizer industries – Urea
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Endusesofurea:
- Usedassolidfer/lizer- Usedasliquidfer/lizer- Usedinthemanufactureofformaldehyderesin,
melamineandadhesives.
Fertilizer industries – Urea
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ManufactureofUreabyammoniadecarbamate
decomposi/on:
Mainstepsinvolved:
① Forma/onofammoniumcarbamate
(NH4.COO.NH2)
② Decomposi/onofammoniumcarbamateinto
Urea(NH2.CO.NH2)
③ Forma/onofbiuret
Fertilizer industries – Urea
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Fertilizer industries – Urea
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- Biuretisachemicalcompoundwiththechemicalformula
C2H5N3O2.
- Itisalsoknownascarbamylurea.Itistheresultof
condensa/onoftwomoleculesofureaandisanimpurity
inurea-basedfer/lizers.
- Thiswhitesolidissolubleinhotwater.
Sulfur Industries
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References
1. DrydenC.E,OutlinesofChemicaltechnology–forthe21stCentury,3rdedi/on,East-WestPress(2004)
2. Aus/nG.T,Shreve’sChemicalProcessIndustries,5thedi/on,McGrawHillInterna/onaledi/ons(1984)