Dr.T.V.Rao MD

CHALLENGES IN MEDICINE

NEED FOR

E –LEARNING SOLUTIONS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 1

MEDICAL EDUCATION

• Medical education had as its foundation a

combination of didactic instruction in the classroom and

integrated, hands-on "Socratic Method" learning in the

clinical setting. Of late, there has been an increase in

the use of problem-based learning discussions

(PBLD's) in an effort to integrate basic science

knowledge and clinical decision making with a goal of

teaching critical decision making skills to upcoming

physicians and other health care providers.

DR.T.V.RAO MD 2

Dr.T.V.Rao MD

Educating a Medical Student

Not a Easy JOB ??? • Transmmiting knowledge

- To know

- Intellectual Component

• Acquire skills and abilities - To know how

- Operative Component

• Acquire and develope attitudes - “Hows” and “Whys”

- Emotional and Moral Component

3

• Today's medical educators

are facing different

challenges than their

predecessors in teaching

tomorrow's physicians. In

the past few decades,

changes in health care

delivery and advances in

medicine have increased

demands on academic

faculty, resulting in less

time for teaching than has

previously been the case

TODAYS MEDICINE A CHALLENGE TO

TEACHERS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 4

E-LEARNING SERVICES CAN SUPPORT

• Shortage of trained faculty and increase in number of medical students and colleges in India.

• Detoriating standards in Medical education ???

• Online resources can reach out across time and space barriers. Can be a substitute in few areas.

DR.T.V.RAO MD 5

• E-learning is also

called Web-based

learning, online

learning, distributed

learning, computer-

assisted instruction,

or Internet-based

learning.

WHAT IS E-LEARNING

DR.T.V.RAO MD 6

WHAT IS E-LEARNING?

The use of Internet technologies to

deliver a broad array of solutions

that enhance knowledge and

performance

Rosenberg,

2001

E-learning is Internet-enabled

learning

http://www.cisco.com

DR.T.V.RAO MD 7

Dr.T.V.Rao MD

Electronic Health

eHealth

Health Internet

New Paradigms

8

COMPONENTS OF E-LEARNING

• Two common e-learning modes: distance learning

and computer-assisted instruction. Distance learning

uses information technologies to deliver instruction to

learners who are at remote locations from a central

site. Computer-assisted instruction (also called

computer-based learning and computer-based training)

uses computers to aid in the delivery of stand-alone

multimedia packages for learning and teaching. These

two modes are subsumed under e-learning as the

Internet becomes the integrating technology.

DR.T.V.RAO MD 9

WHY TEACHERS NEED E-RESOURCES

• E-learning refers to the use of Internet technologies to deliver a broad array of solutions that enhance knowledge and performance-learning can be used by medical educators to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of educational interventions in the face of the social, scientific, and pedagogical challenges noted above. It has gained popularity in the past decade; however, its use is highly variable among medical colleges and appears to be more common in basic science courses than in clinical practice

DR.T.V.RAO MD 10

E-learning: Blended mode

Chalk-and-board has long ruled the classrooms • will not be eliminated

• Less emphasis

Interactive Digital Content: • more emphasis • on demand learning

• interactive

DR.T.V.RAO MD 11

PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING

• Problem-based learning stems from an appreciation

that the application of static knowledge serves as a rich

source of learning about dynamic and important clinical

decisions that are made everyday in the medical arena.

Problem-based learning is not the only modality for

education and we are unlikely to ever get rid of

standard lectures for the delivery of information or the

Socratic Method to engage students to develop their

critical thinking skills.

DR.T.V.RAO MD 12

KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER

• Effective knowledge transfer is of paramount

importance for the maintenance and advancement of

our health care system. In any discipline, effective

knowledge transfers consists of delivery of factual

knowledge about the topic and exposure to tools and

thinking processes required to make critical decisions

about the information at hand. Traditional didactic

lectures address the delivery of factual knowledge;

however one can question both the effectiveness

as well as efficiency of this mode of education.

DR.T.V.RAO MD 13

• E-learning adds many

dimensions to the educational

process and if utilized well, has

the potential to enhance both the

students and instructors

educational experience.

One of the problems with

traditional didactic lectures is that

they often present information

that targets one of the many

learning style of the students

involved

E-LEARNING ADDS …. MANY

SOLUTIONS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 14

IN E-LEARNING LEARNER CHOOSES THE

CONTENT

DR.T.V.RAO MD 15

• One benefit of e-learning

allows students to access

the lectures and other

material when they are

most attentive. In addition,

students have the ability to

review the material to the

degree they feel necessary.

It is my hope this article

touches the surface of

some of the current web

tools available for use in

the area of education.

BENEFIT OF E-LEARNING

DR.T.V.RAO MD 16

• With new and improved

technology, the web has

become much more

dynamic allowing for

targeted delivery of

information as well as an

increased amount of

interactivity on the part of

the user. The remainder of

this article will focus on

some of the available

technologies that can

enhance the educational

experience.

INCREASED POTENTIALS OF

INTERNET

DR.T.V.RAO MD 17

WEB-BASED LEARNING PLATFORMS

• The development of sophisticated, web-based learning

platforms that are easy to use from a student and a

teacher prospective, medical education is beginning to

embrace a new modality of knowledge transfer. Web-

based, multimedia learning platforms bring about

numerous possibilities not easily met with traditional

didactic instruction, however, many of the studies

looking to e-learning as a replacement for more

traditional classroom education have not shown a

significant improvement.

DR.T.V.RAO MD 18

EVOLUTION OF EDUCATION

TECHNOLOGY

TIME

TIME

IMPACT

Internet:

Greatest

impact

DR.T.V.RAO MD 19

• The ability to harness the

expertise and time of numerous

educators has the potential to

lead to an ever evolving

knowledge base that can morph

to meet the needs of the

students. By using web-based

tools, we are no longer

constrained to a given time or

location to deliver information

and interact with students on a

given topic

WEB LEARNING ELIMINATES GEOGRAPHIC

CONSTRAINS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 20

• The ability to engage many facets of

a student using multimedia

material has the added

advantage of covering the many

learning styles present in the

diverse student population in the

medical fields. The use of

multimedia coupled with the

tracking of effectiveness and

collaboration of both students

and faculty leads to a platform

that continues to evolve in both

effectiveness and efficiency

MULTIMEDIA EDUCATION CHANGES THE

FACE OF LEARNING

DR.T.V.RAO MD 21

INTEGRATING E-LEARNING INTO MEDICAL

EDUCATION

• The integration of e-learning into existing medical

curricula should be the result of a well-devised plan

that begins with a needs assessment and concludes

with the decision to use e-learning. Although some

institutions have tried to use e-learning as a stand-

alone solution to updating or expanding their curricula,

we believe it is best to begin with an integrated strategy

that considers the benefits and burdens of blended

learning before revising the curriculum

DR.T.V.RAO MD 22

Is there an information problem in medicine?

Yes it is SEVERE

• Information explosion -15 million “facts” must a medical student learn -1990-91 = 50,000 articles in gastroenterology -250,000 art. Every 2 years, 342 / day, 4.2 /min.

• “Facts” that are not facts p.e. apendicitis and pain localization

• The imprecission of medical language F. T. de Dombal, 1993

TRADITIONAL & E-LEARNING

APPROACH

Traditional and E-learning approaches

Traditional Classroom E-Learning

Classroom • Physical – limited size

• Synchronous

• Unlimited

• Anytime, anywhere

Content • PowerPoint/transparency/etc

• Textbooks/library

• Video

• Collaboration

• Multimedia / simulation

• Digital library

• On demand

• Syn & Asyn. Communication

Personalisation • One learning path • Learning path and pace

determined by learner

DR.T.V.RAO MD 24

DELIVERY MODE WILL CHANGE

Lack of facilities and

funding

Increase in tuition fee

Growing student population

Privatisation of

education

Cost effective solutions

(e.g. e-learning)

More virtual universities

Delivery Mode

100 : 0 (F/T)

80 : 20 (F/T)

20 : 80 (DE)

DR.T.V.RAO MD 25

TEACHING AIDS WILL CHANGE

Blackboard OHP TV/VHS

LCD

PC

Whiteboard

DR.T.V.RAO MD 26

E-LEARNING IS MORE INTERACTIVE

• In an on-line multimedia learning

environment:

– teaching & learning is ‘one-to-one’ (individual)

– more interactivity (in normal classroom, it varies with

the class size)

– learner-centred

– Learner monitoring & grading system

DR.T.V.RAO MD 27

BUILDING AN E-LEARNING CULTURE

Learner:

Self-directed

Self-motivated

Self-regulating

Lifelong learning

Teacher:

Develop knowledge & skills

Understand learning and its need

Facilitate learning

Create learning opportunities

Administrator:

Create Learning environment

Provide ICT infrastructure

Resources for lifelong learning

Building an

E-learning

Culture

DR.T.V.RAO MD 28

MANAGING THE UNDERGRADUATE

EDUCATION

• In undergraduate medical education, e-learning offers learners

materials for self-instruction and collaborative learning. In

graduate medical educa. E-learning materials suited for each of

these competencies can be integrated into the education of

residents and fellows, replacing lectures and other synchronous

methods of instruction. Asynchronous e-learning can be

effectively used during demanding clinical care rotations,

especially when duty hours are limited yet curriculum

requirements remain high. In continuing medical education,

physicians with daily clinical obligations can attend medical e-

conferences using e-learning.

DR.T.V.RAO MD 29

E-LEARNING GAINING THE ACCEPTANCE OF

STUDENTS AND TEACHERS

• There is evidence for the effectiveness and

acceptance of e-learning within the medical

education community, especially when combined

with traditional teacher-led activities in a

blended-learning educational experience.

Several digital repositories of e-learning

materials exist, some with peer review, where

instructors or developers can submit materials

for widespread use or retrieve them for creating new materials.

DR.T.V.RAO MD 30

• The evaluation of e-learning

should include a peer-review

process and an assessment of

outcomes such as learner

satisfaction, content usability,

and demonstration of learning.

Faculty skills in creating e-

learning may differ from those

needed for traditional teaching;

faculty rewards for scholarly

activity must recognize this

difference and should be

commensurate with effort.

CREATING FACULTY FOR PEER REVIEWING

CONTENTS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 31

• The integration of e-

learning into

undergraduate, graduate,

and continuing medical

education will promote a

shift toward adult learning

in medical education,

wherein educators no

longer serve solely as

distributors of content, but

become facilitators of

learning and assessors of

competency.

INTEGRATION OF E-LEARNING IN

MEDICAL EDUCATION

DR.T.V.RAO MD 32

Dr.T.V.Rao MD

Emerging Paradigm

• Education and training along the whole

life

• Without barriers of time or place

• Access to best knowledge whereever it is

located

• Possibility for all to be readers and

writers, students and teachers

• Utilization of all technologies available, at

present or in the future, for accessing

contents and learning experiences 33

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE

Plan to Develop an e-learning module

for the respective subject domain in

your college,

Collaborate with other colleges,

Make the best of resources available

resources to everyone

DR.T.V.RAO MD 34

ISSUES FOR CONTENT Teaching strategies should be creatively blended, using methods like instructional units, case studies, simulations, video units and other Web based resources to encourage learners. These courses should enable learners to see the relevance of the material, respect the expertise learners bring to the course, allow learners to control their own learning paths through meaningful exercise and activities and, last but not the least, emphasize clearly and continually the connections between what is being learnt and the real world applications.

DR.T.V.RAO MD 35

BENEFITS E-EDUCATION

• Convenient

– self-service (mix and match)

– on-demand (anytime, anywhere)

– private learning

– self-paced

– Flexibility: (modular package)

DR.T.V.RAO MD 36

BENEFITS

• Cost-effective

– Virtual learning environment

– Share lessons among schools

– Reduce material cost

– Reduce travel/accommodation costs

DR.T.V.RAO MD 37

BENEFITS

• Consistent

–Central control of content

–Same quality of content for all

–Same quality of education for all

DR.T.V.RAO MD 38

BENEFITS

DR.T.V.RAO MD 39

• media-rich

– Easier to understand & more engaging

• repeatable

– As many times as you like

• easier to monitor progress

– less administrative work

– can be more precise

BUILDING AN E-LEARNING CULTURE

Learner:

Self-directed

Self-motivated

Self-regulating

Lifelong learning

Teacher:

Develop knowledge & skills

Understand learning and its need

Facilitate learning

Create learning opportunities

Administrator:

Create Learning environment

Provide ICT infrastructure

Resources for lifelong learning

Building an

E-learning

Culture

DR.T.V.RAO MD 40

HOW TO MAKE AN EFFECTIVE ELEARNING

MODULE

If you would like help with these questions, this module is for you!

How will the learner track their

progress – so that they will be

confident that they have achieved

something?

Where do I start? How can eLearning

make the content more

interesting?

I want to make a module that will be an effective learning

resource. But …

E-LEARNING FILLS SEVERAL GAPS

eLearning modules aim to fill several gaps:

Provide health-care students and front-line health

workers in resource poor countries with learning

resources that will be effective in improving health

outcomes

Involve health staff in resource-poor countries in

making “home-grown” learning resources so that

• the resources are directly familiar to “real-life”,

day-to-day health care in their own setting

• they build their expertise in developing effective

resources for adult learners

Take advantage of digital technology and

copyright-free content to:

• develop short learning modules that actively

engage the learner

• include formative assessment so that the

learner can track their progress

• use simple, widely available software so that

others can adapt the materials for teaching other

target groups

The modules are usually designed to be studied mainly by a single learner sitting at a computer screen. However, they can be used to generate discussion topics or exercises that can be suitable for groups of learners.

WISH TO REAP THE BENEFITS OF ICT –

E-LEARNING

• ICT and e-learning offers opportunity to raise

educational standards in schools

• Large range of ICT tools are available for

teaching and learning

• Closes the gap of “Digital Divide”

• Involvement of teachers and parents is

important

• Schools will need funding, access and

training

DR.T.V.RAO MD 43

NOTE

DR.T.V.RAO MD 44

• I request all the New Generation of Medical Professionals and Paramedical staff to realize the importance of our attitude change towards e-learning in creating the resources and

teaching the young medical students in new emerging modalities. Medical profession in many developing countries

heading towards major professional crisis due to lack of resources, reluctance of several professionals accepting that

e- education is the need of the hour

• Dr.T.V.Rao MD Professor of Microbiology

• Email- doctortvrao@gmail.com