Post on 04-Jul-2020
transcript
Challenges & Opportunities
Trip DoggettPresident & CEOERCOT
NERC Monitoring & Situational Awareness Conference29 September 2015
ERCOT PUBLIC 2
The ERCOT Region
The interconnected electrical system serving most of Texas, with limited external connections• 90% of Texas electric load;
75% of Texas land • More than 43,000 miles of
transmission lines• 550+ generation units
ERCOT connections to other grids are limited to ~1100MW of direct current (DC) ties, which allow control over flow of electricity
220 MW with SPP
600 MW with SPP
30 MW with CFE at Eagle Pass
100 MW with CFEat Laredo
170 MW with CFE at Mc Allen(up to 300 MW Jan. 2016)
ERCOT PUBLIC 3
ERCOT Inc.
ERCOT is regulated by the Texas Public Utility Commission with oversight by the Texas Legislature
ERCOT is not a market participant and does not own generation or transmission/distribution wires
The Texas Legislature restructured the Texas electric market in 1999 by unbundling the investor-owned utilities and creating retail customer choice in those areas, and assigned ERCOT four primary responsibilities:
• System Reliability - Ensure reliability and adequacy of regional electric network
• Open Access to Transmission - Ensure nondiscriminatory access to transmission/distribution systems for all buyers and sellers
• Competitive Retail Market - Facilitate retail registration and switching
• Competitive Wholesale Market - Ensure accurate accounting for electricity production and delivery among the generators and wholesale buyers and sellers in the region
ERCOT PUBLIC 4
Current Records – Sept. 14, 2015
Peak Demand Record• 69,621 MW, August 10, 2015*
Weekend Record• 66,530 MW, Saturday, August 8, 2015*
Winter Peak Record• 57,265 MW, February 10, 2011
Wind Generation Records (instantaneous)• 11,467 MW, September 13, 2015, 10:56 p.m.
- Non-Coastal Wind Output = 11,127 MW- Coastal Wind Output = 340 MW- Supplying 29.91% of the load- Active Wind Capacity = 15,291 MW
• 40.58% Wind Penetration, March 29, 2015, 2:12 a.m.- Total Wind Output = 10,308 MW- Total Load = 25,400 MW
Summer 2015 monthly peaks
June: 61,732 MW (June 10)July: 67,650 MW (July 30 –
new July record)August: 69,621 MW* (Aug. 10 –
new all-time record)
*Following initial settlement
ERCOT PUBLIC 5
Wind Generation – August 2015
• Texas is #1 in the U.S. in wind capacity.• Our capacity is more than twice the amount
of #2 (California)• If Texas were a separate country, we’d be
#6 in the world in wind generation capacity (as of end of 2014).
ERCOT PUBLIC 6
Utility Scale Solar Generation – August 2015
ERCOT PUBLIC 7
Late 1990s 2015
Installed Capacity by Unit Type
Changing Resource Mix
ERCOT PUBLIC 8
Drivers for New Ancillary Service Framework
• Align the AS framework with the changing technical needs of the ERCOT System
• Remove barriers to entry for new resource types that could meet the fundamental requirements for AS
• Improve the efficiency in AS procurement
ERCOT PUBLIC 9
Potential Impacts of Environmental Regulations
In December 2014, ERCOT reviewed potential impacts of new and pending environmental regulations on grid reliability.• Included CSAPR, MATS, Regional Haze, Clean Water Act Section 316(b), Ash Disposal
Regulations & Clean Power Plan (as proposed)
Studies indicated:• Half of coal-fired generation capacity (about 9,000 MW) is likely to retire by 2022.• Retirement of units serving urban areas may result in localized reliability issues.• Growth in renewable resources may require development of new or additional
generation and transmission facilities and technologies to manage operational issues (e.g., ramping, inertia, etc.).
• Costs of compliance could drive up consumer energy costs as much as 20%.o Does not include costs of transmission upgrades or other investments to support
grid reliability
ERCOT and other grid operators supported incorporation of “safety valve” provisions to allow sufficient flexibility to maintain system reliability. An updated study of the final CPP Rule is expected on Oct 15, 2015.
ERCOT PUBLIC 10
On-peak DR Potential by Customer Type
• Based on customer class breakdown in competitive choice areas and extrapolated to ERCOT
• Large C&I are IDR Meter Required (>700kW)
8/3/2011 IE 17:00
3/9/2011 IE 17:15
Large C&I23.7%
Residential51.2%
(~35,000 MW)
Residential 27.4% (~8,500 MW) Small Commercial
25.2%
Small Commercial 28.9%
Large C&I 43.7%
Wed., Aug. 3, 20115:00 PMERCOT Load: 68,416 MWTemperature in Dallas: 109°
WednesdayMarch 9, 20115:15 PMERCOT Load: 31,262 MWTemperature in Dallas: 64°
• ERCOT staff is working on Aggregated Load Response (ALR) enablement with market participants in both NOIE and competitive choice areas
Approx. 37,000 MW of weather sensitive load (54% of peak)
ERCOT PUBLIC 11
Distributed Energy Resource Modeling
Aux Load for
Storage
Meter 2
STRG
Electrical Bus -A
ERCOT Transmission Network Model
Meter 1
Native Load
Service Delivery Point
Distribution Network
ERCOT CIM Load AElectrical Bus -B
ERCOT CIM Load B
DER Light
• ERCOT has developed a concept paper to help integrate DERs into the wholesale market
• Main concept is to allow DERs to be settled at local (Nodal) prices instead of zonally-averaged prices
• Would provide proper incentives for DER locating and could contribute to local congestion management Hypothetical DER configuration: Generator and storage
device combination metered separately from native and auxiliary load; DER mapped to one or more Load Points in the transmission network model
ERCOT PUBLIC 12
Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs)
Total: 93 PMUs
Currently used for Post-Event Analysis• Frequency Analysis – primary frequency variation over time• System Oscillations – variations in primary frequency
caused by system events (e.g. sudden loss of generation) • Generator model validation/tuning
Future Considerations• Develop a highly available Phasor
measurements-based monitoring system in ERCOT Control Centers
• Train system operators on how to use phasor systems alongside traditional SCADA in making decisions and taking actions to ensure reliability
• Incorporate phasor measurements in Blackstart training and procedure
• Include phasor measurements in the EMS State Estimator measurement set
ERCOT PUBLIC 13
And then some more …Opportunities
• Load Forecast Challenges– Distributed energy resources– Energy efficiency in long-term forecasts– Price responsive demand– Increased weather volatility
• Transmission Planning– Limited notification requirements of unit retirements– Renewable generation distant from major load centers– Transmission system flexibility required by increase in renewable generation– Distributed generation resources– Decentralization of resources– Switchable resources
• Batteries & Storage• Surgical/Smart Load Shed• DC Ties• Electric Vehicles
ERCOT PUBLIC 14
Improving communications with consumersERCOT website – added features • Today’s Outlook: Real-Time
demand and capacity • Weather page: Daily, seasonal
Social media – join us!• Twitter: 6,700+ followers• Facebook: 1,500+ followers• LinkedIn: 4,000 followers
ERCOT Energy Saver mobile app – upgraded• System conditions – Real-Time demand and capacity• Wholesale pricing information – Hubs and Load Zones• Information-sharing options