Chapter 7Concept Checks

Centro Escolar Solalto

10th Grade Biology

Concept Check 7.1

1. Define autotroph and heterotroph, and give an example of each?

An autotroph, such as a tree, produces its own food. A heterotroph, such as a bear, obtains food by eating another organism.

Figure No. 1

Concept Check 7.1

2. Explain the role of food (glucose) in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Glucose is a product of photosynthesis and an ingredient in cellular respiration.

Glucose in Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Concept Check 7.1

3. Explain how life on Earth Depends on the sun.

Most producers use the sun’s energy to perform photosynthesis. Both producers and consumers rely on the products of photosynthesis to live.

Figure No. 2

Concept Check 7.2

1. Identify the types of energy you have at the top of a staircase and as you go down the stairs.

Potential energy (stored energy due to an object’s

position or arrangement) at the top; converted to kinetic energy (the energy of motion) as you go down.

Potential and Kinetic Energy

Concept Check 7.2

2. Explain how your body uses chemical energy during exercise.

Exercise causes your cells to increase their rate of cellular respiration, increasing the conversion of chemical energy to ATP and heat.

Conversion of Chemical Energy to ATP and Heat

Figure No. 3

Concept Check 7.2

3. If a food has 10 kcal of energy, how much could it increase the temperature of 100 g of water?

100 ˚C

Concept Check 7.3

1. In what way is ATP like a compressed spring?

Compressed springs and ATP molecules store potential energy. Potential energy is released when one of the ATP molecules’ chemical bonds is broken, particularly between the phosphate groups in the ATP tail. The phosphate groups repel each other because they have like charges.

ATP acts like a compressed spring

Concept Check 7.3

2. List three main types of cellular work.

Chemical work Mechanical work Transport work

Cellular Work

ATP & Cellular Work

Concept Check 7.3

3. What is the source of energy for regenerating ATP from ADP?

Chemical energy from organic molecules in food.

ATP Recycling Process

Concept Check 7.4

1. Compare and contrast breathing and cellular respiration?

Both involve the exchange of O2 and CO2. In cellular respiration, cells take O2 from their surroundings and release CO2. In breathing, the exchange takes place in the lungs and results in exchange of gases between blood and outside air.

Breathing vs. Cellular Respiration

Concept Check 7.4

2. List the reactants and products in cellular respiration.

Reactants: glucose, oxygen

Products: carbon dioxide, water, and ATP

Cellular Respiration

Figure No. 4

Concept Check 7.4

3. What is meant by the “falling” of electrons to oxygen? How does this process release energy?

The positively charged oxygen nucleus exerts an electrical pull on negatively charged electrons from other atoms. As electrons “fall” toward the oxygen nucleus, potential energy is released.

Concept Check 7.4

4. How does an electron transport chain result in the gradual release of energy stored in glucose?

As high-energy electrons from glucose are transferred from one electron carrier to another, a small amount of energy is released at each step.

The Electron Transport Chain

Figure No. 5

Concept Check 7.5

1. How is the mitochondrion’s structure suited to its function?

The complex folding patterns of the mitochondria creates many sites where cellular respiration reactions may occur.

Where does Cellular Respiration Occur?

Mitochondria: Inner Structure

Metabolic Pathway of Cellular Respiration

Concept Check 7.52. Identify the tree stages of cellular

respiration, where in the cell each takes place, and how many ATP molecules it produces?

Glycolysis, in the cytoplasm, 2 ATP molecules Krebs cycle, in the matrix within the

mitochondria, 2 ATP molecules Electron Transport + ATP Synthase, inner

membranes of the mitochondria, 34 ATP molecules

Stage I: Glycolysis

Stage II: Krebs Cycle

Stage III: Electron Transport Chain and ATP Synthase Action

Concept Check 7.5

3. Summarize the use and production of ATP in one cycle of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis: Uses 2 ATP; Produces 4 ATP Krebs Cycle: Uses 0 ATP; Produces 2 ATP Electron Transport + ATP Synthase: Uses 0

ATP; Produces 34 ATP

ATP Production in Cellular Respiration (Aerobic)

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ATP Production in Cellular Respiration

Concept Check 7.5

1. How is fermentation different from cellular respiration?

Fermentation does not require oxygen to make ATP. It produces only 2 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose, while cellular respiration can produce 38.

Concept Check 7.5

2. Describe on example of how fermentation in microorganisms produces human foods.

Microbes transform milk into cheese or yogurt; soybeans into soy sauce; cabbage into sauerkraut.

Concept Check 7.5

3. What is the waste product of fermentation in your muscle cells?

Lactic acid

Fermentation in Human Muscle Cells

Fermentation in Yeast

ATP Production in Cellular Respiration (Anaerobic)

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