Post on 07-Apr-2018
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LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION
PRACTICES EMPLOYED BYPATIENTS UNDERGOING
HEMODIALYSIS
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CHAPTER ITHE PROBLEM
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Background of the Study
The function of the kidney is
essential to life. A normally functioning
kidney maintains the bodys state ofhomeostasis by carefully regulating fluid
and electrolytes and removing waste
products. The kidney also secretesdifferent hormones such as
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erythropoietin which stimulatesthe bone marrow to produce red
blood cell and prostaglandin
which is necessary for
maintaining renal blood flow
(Smeltzer, et. al., 2010). Whenthe kidney fails to
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do its function, the harmful wastes willbuild up in the body and may retain
excess fluid and electrolyte.
Dysfunctional kidney may not as well
produce enough red blood cells and
maintain the normal blood pressure ofthe body.
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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an
umbrella term that describes kidney
damage or a decrease in glomerular
filtration rate for three or more months(Thomas-Hawkins & Zazworsky, 2005).
Untreated CKD can result in End-Stage
Renal Disease (ESRD). With thisdysfunction
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of the kidney, the bodys
cleansing process is greatly
affected. The performance of
the kidney decreases which
will eventually stops leading
to potential death (Smeltzer,et. al., 2010).
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The disease is normally causedby number of diseases or
hereditary disorders. Diabetes is
the primary cause ofCKD. Between
25% and 40%of the patients has
type 1 diabetes and 5% to 40% ofthose with type 2 diabetes develop
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kidney damage (Thomas & Atkins, 2006).Diabetes is the leading cause of renal
failure in patients starting renal
replacement therapy. The second leadingcause is hypertension, followed by
glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis
(USRDS, 2007).
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as the creatinine level increases,symptoms of CKD begin. Anemia, due
to decreased erythropoietin production
by the kidney; metabolic acidosis; andabnormalities in the calcium and
phosphorus herald the development of
CKD. Fluid retention, evidenced by
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disease progresses,
abnormalities in electrolytes
occur, heart failure worsensand hypertension becomes
more difficult to control(Smeltzer, et. al., 2010).
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When kidney diseases progresses
to the stage where 85% to 90% of
the kidneys function is lost. EndStage Renal Disease is already the
7th leading cause of death among
Filipinos. Each
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year an estimated 120
Filipinos per millionpopulations (PMP) develop
kidney failure. This meansthat about 10,000 Filipinos
need to replace their kidneyfunction each year
(Danguilan, 2008).
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Dr. Enrique Ona stated that if
treatment is rapid and adequate,
fatality would be rare. Good
living habits which compressesof enough physical activity and
healthy diet are the mostimportant prevention of
acquiring kidney problem.
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However, the only option left forthe treatment of ESRD are dialysis
and kidney transplant. These
processes perform the normal
functioning done by the healthy
kidney. Since then, dialysis programs
has been used in many parts with
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the country to help patient to
prolonged their life and the
important goal of management isto maintain kidney function and
homeostasis for as long as
possible. Unfortunately, though
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73% or about 7, 267 patientsundergone dialysis, an estimate
of about a quarter of the wholepopulation probably just died
without receiving any treatment
(Danguilan, 2008).
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In hemodialysis, a machine
filters wastes, electrolytes, and
fluid from the blood when thekidneys are no longer healthy
enough to do its work.
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Hemodialysis is the most
common way to treat advanced,
permanent kidney failure. Theprocedure can help patient carry
on an active life despite failing
kidneys.
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Hemodialysis patients need anumber of changes in their lifestyle
and activities of daily living. It also
requires a patient to follow a strict
treatment schedule, take
medications regularly, and often,
make different changes in their diet.
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These different changes
prompted the researcher the
conduct a study on the lifestylemodification practices employed
by patients of MMMH & MC who
are undergoing hemodialysis.
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Statement of the ProblemThis study is undertaken to determine
the lifestyle modifications employed by
patients undergoing hemodialysis atMariano Marcos Memorial Hospital and
Medical Center.
Specifically, it attempted to answerthe following questions:
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1. What are the lifestyle modificationpractices employed by patients
undergoing hemodialysis in relation
to:
1.1 intake of prescribed medication;
1.2 diet;1.3 fluid intake;
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1.4 activities of daily living;
1.5 exercise;
1.6 rest and sleep; and
1.7 stress management?
2. Is there a significant relationship between the
sociodemographic variables and the lifestyle
modification practices employed by patientsundergoing hemodialysis?
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Objectives of the StudyIt is the purpose of this study to determine
the lifestyle modifications employed by
patients undergoing hemodialysis.It specifically aimed to:
1. Determine the lifestyle modification
practices employed by patients undergoinghemodialysis in relation to:
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1.1 intake of prescribed medication;1.2 diet;
1.3 fluid intake;
1.4 activities of daily living;1.5 exercise;
1.6 rest and sleep; and
1.7 stress management?
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2. Determine the significantrelationship between the
sociodemographic variables andthe lifestyle modifications
practices employed by patients
undergoing hemodialysis.