Post on 02-Jan-2016
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR?
WHAT IS ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR?(continued)
WHAT IS MENTAL HEALTH?
THE CAPACITY TO THINK RATIONALLY THINK LOGICALLY COPE EFFECTIVELY WITH STRESS COPE EFFECTIVELY WITH LIFE’S
CHALLENGES DEMONSTRATE EMOTIONAL STABILITY ACHIEVE PERSONAL GROWTH
SIGNS OF DETERIORATINGMENTAL HEALTH
“I’m no good.” (Low self-regard) “Everybody plots against me.” (Distortion of
reality) “I’m no good at anything.” (Occupational and
social incompetence) “I feel tense all the time.” (Anxiety) “Life isn’t worth living.” (Depression) “I feel mad most of the time.” (Anger) “I feel like I am always ‘pumped’ physically—
like my heart is racing.”(Heightened physiological reactivity)
THE STIGMA OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
PREJUDICE DISCRIMINATION STEREOTYPICAL RESPONSES SOCIAL OSTRICIZATION REJECTION BY FRIENDS AND FAMILY PUBLIC MISUNDERSTANDING OF THE
CAUSES OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
ADAPTIVE AND MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR
ADAPTATIVE BEHAVIOR BALANCING WHAT WE WANT TO DO WITH
WHAT THE ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY DEMANDS
MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS IN EVERYDAY LIFE CAUSED BY
BRAIN DAMAGE OR OTHER ORGANIC CAUSES PRESENT OR PAST SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS STRSESFUL LIFE EVENTS
THE HISTORY ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
ANCIENT WESTERN WORLD HIPPOCRATES SOCRATES ARISTOTLE PLATO GALEN
THE MIDDLE AGES Saint Augustine
HISTORY OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
THE RENAISSSANCE JOHANN WEYER
THE AGE OF REASON AND ENLIGHTENMENT WILLIAM HARVEY BARUCH SPINOZA ROBERT BURTON FRANZ JOSEPH GALL WILIAM CULLEN FRANZ ANTON MESMER
HISTORY OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
THE REFORM MOVEMENT IN EUROPE PHILLIPE PINEL- FRANCE BETHLEHEM HOSPITAL – ENGLAND BELIEF IN MORAL TREATMENT LED TO
GROWTH OF ASYLUMS THE REFORM MOVEMENT IN THE U.S.
BENJAMIN RUSH DOROTHEA DIX CLIFFORD BEERS
RECENT CONCEPTS OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACH FOCUS ON EMOTION AND IRRATIONAL
FEELINGS THE ORGANIC APPROACH
ABNORMAL BRAIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
INTERACTIONAL/PSYCHOSOCIAL APPROACH CONVERGENCE OF BIOLGOICAL,
PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND SOCIAL FACTORS
THE INTERACTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
STRESS OUR REACTION TO SITUATIONS THAT POSE
DEMANDS, CONSTRAINTS, AND OPPORTUNITIES VULNERABILITY
HOW LIKELY WE ARE TO RESPOND MALADAPTIVELY TO STRESSFUL SITUATIONS
RISK FACTORS VS. PROTECTIVE FACTORS RESILIENCE
OUR ABILITY TO “BOUNCE BACK” FOLLOWING SIGNIFICANT STRESS
HOW GOOD ARE OUR COPING SKILLS?
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
EPIDEMIOILOGICAL CONCEPTS
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH RATES OF DIAGNOSED MENTAL
DISORDER
SEEKING HELP FOR ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
REASONS FOR CLINICAL CONTACTS PERSONAL UNHAPPINESS CONCERNS OF OTHERS LEGAL PROBLEMS COMMUNITY PROBLEMS
SEEKING HELP FOR ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
TREATMENT FACILITIES
SEEKING HELP FOR ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
TYPES OF MENTAL HEALTH SPECIALISTS
Clinical Psychologist (Ph.D. or Psy.D.) Counseling Psychologist (Ph.D. or Ed.D.) Psychiatrist (M.D.) Psychiatric Social Worker Psychiatric Nurse
RESEARCH IN ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
OBSERVING BEHAVIOR THE ROLE OF THEORY RESEARCH
CASE STUDIES CORRELATINAL STUDIES ASSESSMENT STUDIES
LONGITUDINAL STUDIES FOLLOW-UP STUDIES CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
TYPES OF EXPERIMENTS
HYPOTHESIS-TESTING
BEHAVIOR CHANGE
ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS
HUMAN EXPERIMENTS
STEPS IN CLINICAL TRIALS
A TYPICAL EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
RESEARCH DESIGN, STATISTICAL ANALYSES, AND INFERENCES
A GOOD DESIGN HAS EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL VALIDITY.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS SUMMARIZE OBSERVATIONS. Mean, median, mode, range, standard
deviation INFERENTIAL STATITSTCS ALLOW
COMPARISONS BETWEEN GROUPS. Level of significance, correlation coefficient.
THREE KINDS OF CORRELATION RESULTS
INTERPRETING RESEARCH RESULTS
FACTORS THAT CAN BIAS RESULTS
CONFOUNDING REACTIVITY DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS EXPECTANCY EFFECTS SAMPLING ISSUES
ETHICAL ASPECTS OF RESEARCH
RESEARCHERS SHOULD NOT PLACE SUBJECTS IN PHYSICAL OR PSYCHOLOGICAL JEOPARDY.
SUBJECTS MUST BE INFORMED NATURE AND HAZARDS OF EXPERIMENT.
SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS MUST BE TAKEN WITH CHILDREN, PEOPLE WITH MENTAL RETARDATION AND SERIOUS MENTAL ILLNESSES, AND PRISONERS.
VIOLATING ETHICAL PRINCIPLES HAS SERIOUS LEGAL AND PROFESSIONAL CONSEQUENCES.