Chapter 11: Agricutlrue Chapter 11: Agricutlrue

By Gabe A.By Gabe A.

Hey!

What is Agriculture? What is Agriculture?

The science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating land, raising crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock; farming.

Or…

The science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating land, raising crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock; farming.

Or…

Organic Agriculture Organic Agriculture

The production of crops without the use of synthetic or industrial produced pesticides and fertilizers

The Healthy way

The production of crops without the use of synthetic or industrial produced pesticides and fertilizers

The Healthy way

The Levels of Economic Activities

The Levels of Economic Activities

Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary Quinary

Primary Secondary Tertiary Quaternary Quinary

Core vs. Periphery Core vs. Periphery The core is rich and

uses machines with little amounts of people employed

The Periphery is not and uses hands to produce and almost all people are employed

The core is rich and uses machines with little amounts of people employed

The Periphery is not and uses hands to produce and almost all people are employed

Graph

G C

Back in the day…Back in the day…

Hunting and Gathering was the way to go Those that lived near bigger sources of food

grew the most

Hunting and Gathering was the way to go Those that lived near bigger sources of food

grew the most

A little bit later but still back in the day…

A little bit later but still back in the day…

They started with just a club

Then used spears

They started with just a club

Then used spears

A little later then before but still back in the day…

A little later then before but still back in the day…

Fire was invented by rubbing two sticks together, and the campfire became a symbol of community

Fire was invented by rubbing two sticks together, and the campfire became a symbol of community

Still there…NomadsStill there…Nomads

They would migrate to follow fish or another animal, usually chasing one animal during the spring like salmon and then another during the winter like deer

They would migrate to follow fish or another animal, usually chasing one animal during the spring like salmon and then another during the winter like deer

The First Agricultural EvolutionThe First Agricultural Evolution

According to Carl Suer only happened in places of Plenty

First time people began to settle down and create their own places

According to Carl Suer only happened in places of Plenty

First time people began to settle down and create their own places

Plant Domestication Plant Domestication

The taming of wild plants in order to grow them for the benefit of one’s self

Sauer believed it first happened in South and Southeast Asia

Root crops were the first and they were harvested by cultivating the roots

The taming of wild plants in order to grow them for the benefit of one’s self

Sauer believed it first happened in South and Southeast Asia

Root crops were the first and they were harvested by cultivating the roots

Seed Crops Seed Crops

They came next and they involved planting a seed

Took place in more then one area around the same time

Nile River Valley

They came next and they involved planting a seed

Took place in more then one area around the same time

Nile River Valley

Seed Selection and Use Seed Selection and Use

People would only pick the biggest seeds In warmer places like south Asia they used

wheat and Barley but in places like Mesotopia they grew tropical stuff

People would only pick the biggest seeds In warmer places like south Asia they used

wheat and Barley but in places like Mesotopia they grew tropical stuff

Old Mcdonald had a farm…Animal Domestication

Old Mcdonald had a farm…Animal Domestication

Animals would be taken into communities as pets, for protection, or ceremonial purposes

When in captivity the animals lose their physical features that would protect them in the wild

Animals would be taken into communities as pets, for protection, or ceremonial purposes

When in captivity the animals lose their physical features that would protect them in the wild

Ei Ei Ei o…Continued Ei Ei Ei o…Continued

Animals were sometimes domesticated at the same time like the water buffalo

They were useful and continue to be useful

Animals were sometimes domesticated at the same time like the water buffalo

They were useful and continue to be useful

Places of Agriculture Places of Agriculture

Central China was one and a place in West Africa, Mesoamerica, and northern Europe

But from these places crops were spread around by people through transportation

Central China was one and a place in West Africa, Mesoamerica, and northern Europe

But from these places crops were spread around by people through transportation

China

Subsistence Agriculture Subsistence Agriculture

Growing only enough food to survive Practiced mainly in the periphery countries The farmers share

the land

Growing only enough food to survive Practiced mainly in the periphery countries The farmers share

the land

Continued Continued

Shifting Cultivation-the movement of subsistence farmers to find better land

They plant in one place and grow until there are to many people and then those people move somewhere else

Shifting Cultivation-the movement of subsistence farmers to find better land

They plant in one place and grow until there are to many people and then those people move somewhere else

Slash it and burn it, that’s what I want to do

Slash it and burn it, that’s what I want to do

Slash and burn agriculture is cutting down trees and then burning it to make a field for agriculture

Slash and burn agriculture is cutting down trees and then burning it to make a field for agriculture

Second Industrial Evolution Second Industrial Evolution

Happened during the industrial revolution

With all the people moving to factories they needed to find a way to produce a surplus

Happened during the industrial revolution

With all the people moving to factories they needed to find a way to produce a surplus

Graph

Surplus

B A

New technologies and ideas New technologies and ideas

The seed drill Trains Tractors and other

things Fenced in land

The seed drill Trains Tractors and other

things Fenced in land

Von Thünen Von Thünen

German raised Looked at his town and

how it was organized, then applied it to other towns and made a model

German raised Looked at his town and

how it was organized, then applied it to other towns and made a model

Model Model Ranching, Livestock

Extensive Field crops, Grains

Forest

Market Gardening and dairy

Central City

Aspects of the ModelAspects of the Model

Based on distance and transportation costs Not exact for all places of the world Occurs on global scale as well with

Caribbean flowers being sold in New York

Based on distance and transportation costs Not exact for all places of the world Occurs on global scale as well with

Caribbean flowers being sold in New York

The Third Agricultural Revolution

The Third Agricultural Revolution

Green Revolution Inventions of new types of seeds and

technologies that allows greater output Cured famine from lack of production

Green Revolution Inventions of new types of seeds and

technologies that allows greater output Cured famine from lack of production

Cool Ideas

Continued Continued

Some say it failed and that it has just lowered diversity, increased vulnerability of plants and not affected everyone of the world

Some say it failed and that it has just lowered diversity, increased vulnerability of plants and not affected everyone of the world

Genetically Modified FoodsGenetically Modified Foods Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)-

also known as genetically modified crops Grow faster and have a bigger yield

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)-also known as genetically modified crops

Grow faster and have a bigger yield

Survey Systems Survey Systems The way land is

organized Different regions

use different types of survey systems Rectangular Township-and-

range Metes and Bounds Long Lot

The way land is organized

Different regions use different types of survey systems Rectangular Township-and-

range Metes and Bounds Long Lot

Rectangular Rectangular

Organized in Rectangular way Located in the entire mid west and Texas

Organized in Rectangular way Located in the entire mid west and Texas

1 Mile

Township-and-Range Township-and-Range Like the rectangular system, one mile

sections are created Can be sold in quarters or halves Located in the mid west

Like the rectangular system, one mile sections are created

Can be sold in quarters or halves Located in the mid west

Metes and BoundsMetes and Bounds

Use of physical boundaries to make unequal farm plots

Located on eastern seaboards

Use of physical boundaries to make unequal farm plots

Located on eastern seaboards

Long Lot Long Lot

Narrow parcels of land that extend from rivers, roads, and canals

Mainly in Texas

Narrow parcels of land that extend from rivers, roads, and canals

Mainly in Texas

Villages Villages

People would live in the village and then farm the land outside

Farming the US or core Farming in the Periphery The barn is the center

People would live in the village and then farm the land outside

Farming the US or core Farming in the Periphery The barn is the center

Types Types

Linear Cluster Round Walled Grid

Linear Cluster Round Walled Grid

Commercial Agriculture Commercial Agriculture

Started many years ago in the 19th, and 18th century

Mass production of one thing like corn

Started many years ago in the 19th, and 18th century

Mass production of one thing like corn

Monoculture Monoculture

The dependency on one particular crop or livestock

The dependency on one particular crop or livestock

Corn

Koppen Climate Classifcation System

Koppen Climate Classifcation System

A map classifying all of the world climates

Classified by climate regions which are which are regions with similar climates

A map classifying all of the world climates

Classified by climate regions which are which are regions with similar climates

The World Map of

Agriculture

The World Map of

Agriculture

Cash Crops and Plantation Agriculture

Cash Crops and Plantation Agriculture

Countries owned by colonies are producing 1 to 2 crops that only benefit the government not them

Plantation Agriculture Most plantations owned by US and

European corporations They have a lot of influence, can overthrow

countries

Countries owned by colonies are producing 1 to 2 crops that only benefit the government not them

Plantation Agriculture Most plantations owned by US and

European corporations They have a lot of influence, can overthrow

countries

Cotton and RubberCotton and Rubber Two of the most influential crops in the

world Industries are located in Asian countries for

better work force Outsourcing

Two of the most influential crops in the world

Industries are located in Asian countries for better work force

Outsourcing

Luxury Crops Luxury Crops

The rich crops like tea, coffee, and tobacco

Brought to colonies by Europeans

Coffee production Fair Trade Second most valuable to

petroleum Produced in Latin America but

owned by foreign corporations Laborers paid low wages

The rich crops like tea, coffee, and tobacco

Brought to colonies by Europeans

Coffee production Fair Trade Second most valuable to

petroleum Produced in Latin America but

owned by foreign corporations Laborers paid low wages

Commercial Livestock, Fruit and Grain Agriculture

Commercial Livestock, Fruit and Grain Agriculture

•Dairying •Widespread through north•In North eastern Europe and us, special crops

•Market Gardens•Eastern and Southeastern US •Found in small areas where climate is favorable

•Mixed Livestock and crop farming •Widespread in more humid latitudes•Found in northern, and small areas of Latin America

•Commercial Grain Farming •Prevails in driers places •Like in wheat farming in Nebraska

Mediterranean Agriculture Mediterranean Agriculture

Takes place in areas where they have the dry Mediterranean summers

Wines, and olive oil High prices for these

goods

Takes place in areas where they have the dry Mediterranean summers

Wines, and olive oil High prices for these

goods

Italians!

Illegal Drugs Illegal Drugs

Some crops like Opium are turned into drugs

Some farmers see this as a great alternative and chose to do it

Marijuana controlled by Mexicans mostly

Some crops like Opium are turned into drugs

Some farmers see this as a great alternative and chose to do it

Marijuana controlled by Mexicans mostly

Environmental ImpactsEnvironmental Impacts

Fish depletion Soil Erosion Water pollution Herds deplete the

land

Fish depletion Soil Erosion Water pollution Herds deplete the

land

Agribusiness Agribusiness

All of the business that supports agriculture All of the business that supports agriculture

Government Involvement Government Involvement

Governments give money to subsistence farmers to help them

Communist governments have tried sectioning off land Collectivation

Governments give money to subsistence farmers to help them

Communist governments have tried sectioning off land Collectivation

The Main Ideas The Main Ideas

Agriculture is a major part of our lives and it will be for years to come

Without it there would be no business or industry

Agriculture is a major part of our lives and it will be for years to come

Without it there would be no business or industry

FinFin