Post on 09-Apr-2018
transcript
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
1/21
Human DevelopmentHuman Development
Chapter 13 Human Development1
Chapter 14Chapter 14
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
2/21
Concept of HumanConcept of HumanDevelopmentDevelopment
Chapter 13 Human Development2
It is however certain that HD is much more than mere povertyIt is however certain that HD is much more than mere povertyeradication. It requires a situation where people can freelyeradication. It requires a situation where people can freelyidentify and select their choices.identify and select their choices.
The objective of Human development is to create an enablingThe objective of Human development is to create an enablingenvironment for people to enjoy long, healthy and creative lives.environment for people to enjoy long, healthy and creative lives.
The basic purpose of development isThe basic purpose of development is to enlarge peoples choicesto enlarge peoples choices
The development of human resources contributes to sustainedThe development of human resources contributes to sustainedgrowth and productive employment. A healthy, educated andgrowth and productive employment. A healthy, educated and
skilled workforce can contribute more significantly andskilled workforce can contribute more significantly andeffectively to economic development.effectively to economic development.
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
3/21
Meaning and Importance ofMeaning and Importance of
Human ResourceHuman Resource
Chapter 13 Inflation3
Human resource implies the abilities, skills and technical knowHuman resource implies the abilities, skills and technical knowhow of population of country.how of population of country.
Since its launch in 1990, the Human Development ReportSince its launch in 1990, the Human Development Reportpublished by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)published by United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
has defined human development as the process of enlarginghas defined human development as the process of enlargingpeople's choices.people's choices.
Human development is a means to higher productivity. A wellHuman development is a means to higher productivity. A well--nourished, healthy, educated, skilled, alert labour force is thenourished, healthy, educated, skilled, alert labour force is themost important productive asset.most important productive asset.
Reduced poverty contributes to a healthy civil society, increasedReduced poverty contributes to a healthy civil society, increaseddemocracy and greater social stability.democracy and greater social stability.
Human development can help in reducing civil disturbances in aHuman development can help in reducing civil disturbances in asociety and in increas-ing political stability.society and in increas-ing political stability.
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
4/21
Essential components in theEssential components in thehuman Develop-menthuman Develop-ment
Chapter 13 Inflation4
EquityEquity
SustainabilitySustainability
ProductivityProductivity
EmpowermentEmpowerment
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
5/21
How to attend humanHow to attend humandevelopment(HD)development(HD)
Chapter 13 Inflation5
Provide equal opportunities irrespective of gender,Provide equal opportunities irrespective of gender,
race, creed or caste to every one to empower oneselfrace, creed or caste to every one to empower oneself
and opt for choices according to ones own preferencesand opt for choices according to ones own preferences
HD is possible with the shift from marketHD is possible with the shift from market--orientedoriented
growth to social oriented growth.growth to social oriented growth.
good management and good governance on the part ofgood management and good governance on the part of
the state. Accountability, transparency and equalitythe state. Accountability, transparency and equality
before the law are the important parameters of goodbefore the law are the important parameters of good
governance.governance. High political stabilityHigh political stability
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
6/21
Indias global position on human and gender developmentIndias global position on human and gender development
Chapter 13 Inflation6
Source:UNDP Human Development Reports 2002 and 2007
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
7/21
Major Initiatives in Social SectorMajor Initiatives in Social Sector
Chapter 13 Inflation7
under the National Common Minimumunder the National Common MinimumProgramme (NCMP), the Central GovernmentProgramme (NCMP), the Central Governmenthas launchednew initiatives for social sectorhas launchednew initiatives for social sectordevelopmentduring 2007developmentduring 2007--0808..
The share of Central Government expenditureThe share of Central Government expenditureon social services, including rural developmenton social services, including rural development
in total expenditure (plan andnonin total expenditure (plan andnon--plan), hasplan), hasincreased from 11 per centin2001increased from 11 per centin2001--02 to 16.402 to 16.4per centin2007per centin2007--08 (BE)08 (BE)
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
8/21
Central Government expenditure (Plan and nonCentral Government expenditure (Plan and nonplan) on social servicesplan) on social servicesand rural Developmentand rural Development
Chapter 13 Inflation8
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
9/21
GovernmentGovernment
(Centre and State Governments combined)(Centre and State Governments combined)
Chapter 13 Inflation9
ItemItem 20022002--0303
ActualActual
20032003--0404
ActualActual
20042004--0505
ActualActual
20052005--
0606
ActualActual
20062006--0707
BEBE
20072007--
0808
BEBE
Centre & States (Rs.Centre & States (Rs.
Crore)Crore)
Total ExpenditureTotal Expenditure
Expenditure on SocialExpenditure on Social
SectorSector
EducationEducation
HealthHealthOthersOthers
595203595203
141740141740
71.29871.298
30.18430.184
40.25840.258
786212786212
153454153454
75.60775.607
33.50433.504
44.34344.343
859545859545
172812172812
84.11184.111
37.53537.535
51.16651.166
959855959855
203995203995
96.36596.365
45.42845.428
62.20262.202
11488241148824
256521256521
119199119199
56.37856.378
80.94480.944
130989130989
77
294412294412
133284133284
65.15865.158
95.97095.970
As percentage of GDPAs percentage of GDP
Total ExpenditureTotal Expenditure
Expenditure on SocialExpenditure on Social
SectorSector
EducationEducationHealthHealth
OthersOthers
28.3228.32
5.775.77
2.92.9
1.231.23
1.641.64
28.5428.54
5.575.57
2.742.74
1.221.22
1.611.61
27.2927.29
5.495.49
2.672.67
1.191.19
1.621.62
26.8126.81
5.705.70
2.692.69
1.271.27
1.741.74
27.7127.71
6.196.19
2.882.88
1.361.36
1.951.95
27.9127.91
6.276.27
2.842.84
1.391.39
2.042.04
As percentage of TotalAs percentage of Total
expenditureexpenditure
Expenditure on SocialExpenditure on Social
SectorSector
EducationEducationHealthHealth
20.420.4
10.310.3
4.34.3
5.85.8
19.519.5
9.69.6
4.34.3
5.65.6
20.120.1
9.89.8
4.44.4
66
21.321.3
1010
4.74.7
6.56.5
22.322.3
10.410.4
4.94.9
77
22.522.5
10.210.2
5.05.0
7.37.3
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
10/21
EDUCATION in IndiaEDUCATION in India
Chapter 13 Inflation10
Primary EducationPrimary EducationThe 86th Constitutional Amendment of2002 led to inclusion ofThe 86th Constitutional Amendment of2002 led to inclusion ofa new Article 21a new Article 21--A in PartIII of the Constitution that made FreeA in PartIII of the Constitution that made Freeand Compulsory Education to all children of 6 to 14 years of ageand Compulsory Education to all children of 6 to 14 years of agea Fundamental Right.a Fundamental Right.
Secondary EducationSecondary EducationThe number of secondary and higher secondary schools hasThe number of secondary and higher secondary schools has
increased from 7,416 in 1950increased from 7,416 in 1950--51 to 1,52,049in200451 to 1,52,049in2004--05. Total05. Totalenrolmentin secondary and higher secondary stage hasenrolmentin secondary and higher secondary stage hasincreasedcorrespondingly from 1.5 millionin 1950increasedcorrespondingly from 1.5 millionin 1950-- 51 to 37.151 to 37.1millionin2004millionin2004--05.05.
Higher & Technical EducationHigher & Technical EducationAccording to the University Grants Commission (UGC),According to the University Grants Commission (UGC),
enrolme
ntin
various
courses at all levels
inuni
versities/
collegese
nrolme
ntin
various
courses at all levels
inuni
versities/
collegesand other institutions of higher educationin2005and other institutions of higher educationin2005--06 was 11.3406 was 11.34
million as compared to 10.50 millionin the previous yearmillion as compared to 10.50 millionin the previous year
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
11/21
Primary Education Schemes in IndiaPrimary Education Schemes in India
Chapter 13 Inflation11
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
National Programme for Education of GirlsNational Programme for Education of Girlsat Elementary Education (NPEGELat Elementary Education (NPEGEL))
Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV)Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya (KGBV)
National programme of midNational programme of midday meals inday meals inschoolsschools
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
12/21
Chapter 13 Inflation12
Recent Expansion of Higher EducationalRecent Expansion of Higher EducationalInstitutionsInstitutions
Two State Universities in Arunachal Pradesh and Tripura were converted intoTwo State Universities in Arunachal Pradesh and Tripura were converted intoCentral Universities and a new Central University has been established inCentral Universities and a new Central University has been established inSikkim. With this, all the eight States in the Northeastern Region have at leastSikkim. With this, all the eight States in the Northeastern Region have at leastone Central University eachone Central University each
Central Institute of English and Foreign Languages, which was earlier aCentral Institute of English and Foreign Languages, which was earlier aDeemed University, has been converted into a Central University.Deemed University, has been converted into a Central University.
Two Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISERs) wereTwo Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISERs) were
established during 2005established during 2005--06 at Kolkata and Pune, and a third one at Mohali in06 at Kolkata and Pune, and a third one at Mohali in20062006--07. Two more IISERs have been approved at Bhopal and07. Two more IISERs have been approved at Bhopal andThiruvananthapuram during the Eleventh Plan.Thiruvananthapuram during the Eleventh Plan.
The 20 National Institutes of Technology (NITs) were earlier being managedThe 20 National Institutes of Technology (NITs) were earlier being managedby individual registered societies. They were brought under a commonby individual registered societies. They were brought under a commonstatutory framework during 2007statutory framework during 2007--08 by enacting the National Institutes of08 by enacting the National Institutes ofTechnology Act which came into force on 15.08.2007.Technology Act which came into force on 15.08.2007.
The seventh IIM, namely the Rajiv Gandhi Indian Institute of Management,The seventh IIM, namely the Rajiv Gandhi Indian Institute of Management,has been established at Shilong in 2007has been established at Shilong in 2007--08. It will admit the first batch of08. It will admit the first batch ofstudents in 2008.students in 2008.
The Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing,The Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design & Manufacturing,Kanchipuram, has also come into being during 2007Kanchipuram, has also come into being during 2007--08.08.
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
13/21
HEALTHHEALTH
Chapter 13 Inflation13
The National Rural Health Mission was launched on AprilThe National Rural Health Mission was launched on April12, 2005, to provide accessible, affordable and accountable12, 2005, to provide accessible, affordable and accountable
quality health services to the poorest households in thequality health services to the poorest households in the
remotest rural regions.remotest rural regions.
The thrust of the Mission was on establishing a fullyThe thrust of the Mission was on establishing a fullyfunctional, community owned, decentralized healthfunctional, community owned, decentralized health
delivery system with intersectoral convergence at alldelivery system with intersectoral convergence at all
levels, to ensure simultaneous action on a wide range oflevels, to ensure simultaneous action on a wide range of
determinants of health like water, sanitation, education,determinants of health like water, sanitation, education,
nutrition, social and gender equality.nutrition, social and gender equality.
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
14/21
Initiatives for Health inIndiaInitiatives for Health inIndia
Chapter 13 Inflation14
Strengthening of Primary Health Infrastructure & Improving ServiceStrengthening of Primary Health Infrastructure & Improving Servicedeliverdeliveryy
Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP)Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP)
Funding for Support Mechanism of ASHAFunding for Support Mechanism of ASHA
(Accredited Social Health Activist)(Accredited Social Health Activist) Pulse Polio Immunization ProgrammePulse Polio Immunization Programme
National Vector Borne Disease Control ProgrammeNational Vector Borne Disease Control Programme
Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP)Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP)
National AIDS Control ProgrammeNational AIDS Control Programme
Family Planning ProgrammeFamily Planning Programme Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and HomoeopathyAyurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy
(AYUSH)(AYUSH)
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
15/21
HDI(Human DevelopmentIndex)HDI(Human DevelopmentIndex)
Chapter 13 Inflation15
EachEach yearyear sincesince 19901990 thethe HumanHuman DevelopmentDevelopment ReportReport hashaspublishedpublished thethe humanhuman developmentdevelopment indexindex (HDI)(HDI) whichwhich lookslooksbeyondbeyond GDPGDP toto aa broaderbroader definitiondefinition ofof wellwell--beingbeing..
TheThe HDIHDI providesprovides aa compositecomposite measuremeasure ofof threethree dimensionsdimensionsofof humanhuman developmentdevelopment:: livingliving aa longlong andand healthyhealthy lifelife(measured(measured byby lifelife expectancy),expectancy), beingbeing educatededucated (measured(measured bybyadultadult literacyliteracy andand enrolmentenrolment atat thethe primary,primary, secondarysecondary andandtertiarytertiary level)level) andand havinghaving aa decentdecent standardstandard ofof livingliving(measured(measured byby purchasingpurchasing powerpower parity,parity, PPP,PPP, income)income)..
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
16/21
Chapter 13 Inflation16
IIndiasndias humanhuman developmentdevelopment indexindex 20052005
HDIHDI valuevalueLifeLife expectancyexpectancy atat birthbirth
(years)(years)
AdultAdult literacyliteracy raterate
((%% agesages 1515 andand older)older)
CombinedCombined primary,primary,
secondarysecondary andand tertiarytertiary
grossgross enrolmentenrolment ratioratio
((%%))
GDPGDP per per capitacapita
(PPP(PPP USUS$$))
11.. IcelandIceland ((00..968968)) 11.. JapanJapan ((8282..33)) 11.. GeorgiaGeorgia ((100100..00)) 11.. AustraliaAustralia ((113113..00)) 11.. LuxembourgLuxembourg ((6060,,228228))
126126.. MoroccoMorocco ((00..646646)) 123123.. PakistanPakistan ((6464..66)) 112112.. RwandaRwanda ((6464..99)) 120120.. NamibiaNamibia ((6464..77))115115.. SyrianSyrian ArabArab
RepublicRepublic ((33,,808808))
127127.. EquatorialEquatorial GuineaGuinea
((00..642642))124124.. ComorosComoros ((6464..11)) 113113.. MalawiMalawi ((6464..11)) 121121.. VietViet NamNam ((6363..99)) 116116.. NicaraguaNicaragua ((33,,674674))
128128.. IndiaIndia ((00..619619)) 125125.. IndiaIndia ((6363..77)) 114114.. IndiaIndia ((6161..00)) 122122.. IndiaIndia ((6363..88)) 117117.. IndiaIndia ((33,,452452))
129129.. SolomonSolomon IslandsIslands
((00..602602))126126.. MauritaniaMauritania ((6363..22)) 115115.. SudanSudan ((6060..99)) 123123.. VanuatuVanuatu ((6363..44)) 118118.. HondurasHonduras ((33,,430430))
130130.. LaoLao People'sPeople's
DemocraticDemocratic RepublicRepublic
((00..601601))
127127.. LaoLao People'sPeople's
DemocraticDemocratic RepublicRepublic
((6363..22))
116116.. BurundiBurundi ((5959..33)) 124124.. MalawiMalawi ((6363..11)) 119119.. GeorgiaGeorgia ((33,,365365))
177177.. SierraSierra LeoneLeone
((00..336336))177177.. ZambiaZambia ((4040..55)) 139139.. BurkinaBurkina FasoFaso ((2323..66)) 172172.. NigerNiger ((2222..77)) 174174.. MalawiMalawi ((667667))
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
17/21
The human development indexThe human development index
Chapter 13 Inflation17
Source: World Human DevelopmentReport 2007-08
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
18/21
HDI TrendsHDI Trends
Chapter 13 Inflation18
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
19/21
Building the Capabilities of WomenBuilding the Capabilities of Women
Chapter 13 Inflation19
The genderThe gender--related development index (GDI), introduced inrelated development index (GDI), introduced in
Human Development Report 1995, measures achievements in theHuman Development Report 1995, measures achievements in the
same dimensions using the same indicators as the HDI butsame dimensions using the same indicators as the HDI but
captures inequalities in achievement between women and men. Itcaptures inequalities in achievement between women and men. It
is simply the HDI adjusted downward for gender inequality. Theis simply the HDI adjusted downward for gender inequality. The
greater the gender disparity in basic human development, thegreater the gender disparity in basic human development, the
lower is a country's GDI relative to its HDI.lower is a country's GDI relative to its HDI.
India's GDI value, 0.600 should be compared to its HDI value ofIndia's GDI value, 0.600 should be compared to its HDI value of
0.619. Its GDI value is 96.9% of its HDI value0.619. Its GDI value is 96.9% of its HDI value
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
20/21
Chapter 13 Inflation20
GDIGDI asas %% ofof HDIHDI
LifeLife expectancyexpectancy atat birthbirth
(years)(years)
20042004
AdultAdult literacyliteracy raterate
((%% agesages 1515 andand older)older)
20042004
CombinedCombined primary,primary,
secondarysecondary andand tertiarytertiary
grossgross enrolmentenrolment ratioratio
20042004
FemaleFemale asas %% malemale FemaleFemale asas %% malemale FemaleFemale asas %% malemale
11.. MaldivesMaldives
((100100..44%%))
11.. RussianRussian FederationFederation
((123123..11%%))11.. LesothoLesotho ((122122..55%%))
11.. UnitedUnited ArabArab EmiratesEmirates
((126126..00%%))
136136.. MozambiqueMozambique
((9797..33%%))
153153.. DjiboutiDjibouti ((105105..00%%))132132.. CongoCongo (Democratic(Democratic
RepublicRepublic ofof the)the) ((6666..88%%))
157157.. SenegalSenegal ((8888..77%%))
137137.. EritreaEritrea ((9797..00%%)) 154154.. GrenadaGrenada ((104104..99%%)) 133133.. AngolaAngola ((6565..44%%)) 158158.. NepalNepal ((8787..88%%))
138138.. IndiaIndia ((9797..00%%)) 155155.. IndiaIndia ((104104..77%%)) 134134.. IndiaIndia ((6565..22%%)) 159159.. IndiaIndia ((8787..77%%))
139139.. OmanOman ((9696..99%%)) 156156.. ChinaChina ((104104..77%%))135135.. CteCte d'Ivoired'Ivoire
((6363..55%%))160160.. MoroccoMorocco ((8787..55%%))
140140.. NigeriaNigeria ((9696..99%%)) 157157.. CongoCongo ((104104..77%%)) 136136.. MoroccoMorocco ((6060..33%%))161161.. KoreaKorea (Republic(Republic of)of)
The GDI compared to the HDI a measure of gender disparity
8/7/2019 Chapter - 14(HUMAN DEVELOPMENT)
21/21