Chapter 33.what was the encomienda? answers 1.king ferdinand and queen isabella 2.till his dying day...

transcript

CHAPTER 3

TRADE COMPETITION•1400S, EUROPE COMPETES FOR

GLOBAL TRADE CONTROL

•SILK ROAD = EUROPE TO CHINA

•ITALY = IMPORTANT TRADE

CENTER

VOYAGE OF COLUMBUS•KING FERDINAND AND QUEEN

ISABELLA FINANCED HIS VOYAGE

•LANDED ON SAN SALVADOR = SAINT

SAVIOR

•COLUMBUS DIED THINKING HE FOUND

SPICE TRADE•SPICES WERE USED FOR FLAVOR

AND FOOD PRESERVATION

•CONTROL OVER SPICE TRADE =

GREAT WEALTH AND POWER

•NEW SPICES

LEGACY OF COLUMBUS•COLUMBUS CLAIMED THE LAND,

PEOPLE, AND WEALTH FOR SPAIN

•CONQUISTADORS SAILED TO AMERICA

TO CONQUER

•COLUMBUS HAD A DESIRE FOR GLORY

YOUR HIGHNESS COMMANDED ME THAT, WITH A

SUFFICIENT FLEET, I SHOULD GO TO THE SAID PARTS

OF INDIA, AND FOR THIS ACCORDED ME GREAT

REWARDS AND ENNOBLED ME SO THAT FROM THAT

TIME HENCEFORTH I MIGHT STYLE MYSELF “DON” AND

BE HIGH ADMIRAL OF THE OCEAN SEA AND VICEROY

AND PERPETUAL GOVERNOR OF THE ISLANDS AND

CONTINENT WHICH I SHOULD DISCOVER… AND THAT

MY ELDEST SON SHOULD SUCCEED TO THE SAME

POSITION, AND SO ON FROM GENERATION TO

GENERATION FOREVER

TREATMENT OF INDIANS•COLUMBUS INTERACTED WITH THE

•AT FIRST INTERACTIONS WERE

FRIENDLY

•COLUMBUS INSISTED ON TRIBUTES

ENCOMIENDA •GRANTED LAND AND THE NATIVES LIVING

ON THE LAND TO COLONISTS FOR SERVICE

•THEY WERE EXPECTED TO PROTECT,

CARE, AND TEACH THE NATIVES

CATHOLICISM

•WAS NOT MEANT TO BE CRUEL, BUT WAShttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxMGtsGmwVg

BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS •GRANTED AN ENCOMIENDA IN 1513

•GAVE BACK HIS ENCOMIENDA AFTER A

FEW YEARS

•“THE BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE

DESTRUCTION OF THE INDIES”

•THE KING CRACKED DOWN

“OUR SPANIARDS HAVE NOT MORE

CONSIDERATION FOR THEM THAN BEASTS.

AND I SAY THIS FROM MY OWN KNOWLEDGE

OF THE ACTS I WITNESSED. BUT I SHOULD

SAY NOT ‘THAN BEASTS’ FOR, THANKS BE TO

GOD, THEY HAVE HEAVEN. ONLY AFTER THE

SPANIARDS HAD USED VIOLENCE AGAINST

THEM, KILLING, ROBBING, TORTURING, DID

INDIANS EVER RISE UP AGAINST THEM”

DAILY QUESTIONS1.WHO FINANCED COLUMBUS’

VOYAGE?

2.HOW LONG DID COLUMBUS

BELIEVE HE FOUND ASIA?

3.WHAT WAS THE ENCOMIENDA?

ANSWERS1.KING FERDINAND AND QUEEN

ISABELLA

2.TILL HIS DYING DAY

3.LAND GRANTED AND NATIVES

GRANTED TO SPANIARDS

NEW SPAIN•CONQUISTADORS WANTED FAME

AND FORTUNE

•SPREAD CATHOLICISM

•HERNAN CORTES AND FRANCISCO

PIZARRO = MOST FAMOUS

HERNAN CORTES •TWICE ELECTED MAYOR OF

SANTIAGO

•1519 HE LANDED IN THE

YUCATAN PENINSULA

•CORTES MET THE MAYANS

MAYANS•BUILT FLAT TOP PYRAMIDS

•HAD A CALENDAR

•ADVANCED IN ASTRONOMY

•MALINCHE (MAYAN PRINCESS)

SERVED AS GUIDE FOR CORTES

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXm262YKF3Q

FALL OF THE AZTECS•ENCOUNTERED AZTECS NEAR

TODAY’S MEXICO CITY

•PRACTICED HUMAN SACRIFICES

•CORTES WAS WELCOMED AT

DAILY QUESTIONS

1. WHO WAS ONE OF THE MOST

FAMOUS CONQUISTADORS?

2. WHO WAS MALINCHE?

3. HOW DID THE AZTEC EMPIRE

ANSWERS1. HERNAN CORTES

2. SHE WAS A MAYAN PRINCESS WHO

WAS A GUIDE FOR CORTES

3. CORTES USED THE OTHER TRIBES’

HATRED TO BRING DOWN THE

AZTECS

DEATH BY DISEASE•CORTES AND HIS ARMY OF NATIVES

KILLED THOUSANDS OF NATIVES,

THERE WAS A BIGGER THREAT

•SMALLPOX

•SMALLPOX = MAIN CAUSE OF DEATH

•80-95% DIED

NEW COLONY

•AZTEC EMPIRE BECAME SPANISH

•AZTEC EMPIRE = NEW SPAIN

•TENOCHTITLAN = MEXICO CITY

CONQUEST OF PERU•FRANCISCO PIZARRO SET OFF TOWARDS

AMERICA

•ARRIVED IN PERU IN 1531

•ATAHUALPA REFUSED TO CONVERT

•PIZARRO ATTACKED

•SMALLPOX EPIDEMIC MADE THEM EASY TO

DEFEAT

ENOUGH IS NEVER ENOUGH

•THE SPANISH WANTED MORE

•EVENTUALLY THE EXPEDITIONS

MADE THERE WAY TO NEW

MEXICO

CABEZA DE VACA

•CABEZA AND A SLAVE, ESTABAN

WERE CAPTURED BY NATIVES

•THEY ESCAPED

•JULY 1536 FINALLY SAW

SPANIARDS

LEGEND OF CIBOLA•NATIVES TOLD CABEZA DE VACA

ABOUT GREAT WEALTH

•THE STORIES WERE ELABORATED,

CITIES OF GOLD

•THE SPANISH WANTED THE WEALTH

ESTEBAN DE DORANTES

•FROM NORTHERN AFRICA

•CAPTURED BY THE PORTUGUESE

•ANDRES DORANTES MADE HIM A

•LEARNED NATIVE LANGUAGES

ESTEBAN LEADS THE WAY

•FRAY MARCOS DE NIZA WAS THE

LEADER

•ESTEBAN WAS THE MOST VALUABLE

•HE WAS FAMILIAR WITH THE LAND

Name Chapter Date

Re-write question

Answer question

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONANSWER IN 2 SENTENCES ON AN INDEX

1. HOW DID SPANISH EXPLORATION AND

COLONIZATION AFFECT NEW MEXICO’S

NATIVE POPULATION?

ZUNI•ESTEBAN AND A SMALL GROUP TRAVELED

•HE RATTLED A GOURD AND ORDERED GIFTS

•ESTEBAN SENT WORD THAT THE VILLAGE

OF HAWIKUH HAD MANY PEOPLE

•ESTEBAN WAS NEVER HEARD FROM AGAIN

FRAY MARCOS AND ZUNI•FRAY MARCOS WAS WORRIED ABOUT HIS

OWN SAFETY

•HE THOUGHT HE SAW BUILDINGS MADE OF

GOLD FROM ATOP A HILL

•FRAY MARCOS SENT WORD THAT HAWIKUH

WAS NOT JUST ONE CITY, BUT SEVEN

CORONADO HEADS NORTH

•CORONADO SEARCHED FOR THE SEVEN

CITIES OF CIBOLA

•LARGEST EXPEDITION: 300 SOLDIERS,

3 WOMEN, 800 NATIVE ALLIES, 1000

SLAVES, AND 1500 ANIMALS

CORONADO HEADS NORTH

•THEY REACHED ZUNI, THE ZUNIS FOUGHT,

BUT THEY LOST

•RATHER THAN 7 LARGE CITIES IN HAWIKUH

THERE WERE ONLY 6 SMALL ONES

•FRAY MARCOS RETURNED TO NEW SPAIN IN

DISGRACE

GRAND CANYON

•EXPEDITIONS WERE SENT OUT

•SOLDIERS CAME ACROSS THE GRAND

CANYON

•THEY CALLED IT “USELESS PIECE

OF PROPERTY”

CONFLICT WITH PUEBLOS

•HOPI IN ARIZONA, ACOMA IN GRANTS,

PECOS IN LAS VEGAS, NM

•NATIVES FIRST WERE KIND AND

SHARED THEIR HOMES AND FOOD

•SPANISH TOOK ADVANTAGE

•THE NATIVES WERE ENSLAVED

MORE RUMORS•CORONADO MADE HIS WAY TO QUIVIRA

•IT WAS A SMALL NATIVE VILLAGE, NO

WEALTH

•MADE THERE WAY BACK TO NEW SPAIN

•THREE PRIESTS WERE NEVER HEARD

FROM AGAIN https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KGM6i-1ozPk

SUCCESS OR FAILURE

• CORONADO THOUGHT THEIR

EXPEDITIONS WERE A FAILURE

•HISTORIANS BELIEVE IT TO BE A

SUCCESS

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONANSWER IN 4 SENTENCES ON AN INDEX CARD

1. HOW DID CORONADO’S EXPLORATIONS AFFECT

THE PEOPLE AND THE NEW LAND THAT WAS

DISCOVERED?

2. WHAT DISCOVERIES DID CORONADO AND HIS

MEN MAKE?

3. IN YOUR OPINION WAS HIS EXPLORATION A

SUCCESS OR FAILURE?

THE SPANISH RETURN•1598 KING PHILIP II SENT AN

EXPEDITION TO SETTLE NM

•KING PHILIP II BELIEVED THERE WAS

WEALTH IN NORTHERN NM

•THE SPANISH CALLED THE NORTHERN

FRONTIER NUEVA MEXICO

DON JUAN DE OÑATE•OÑATE WAS AN EXCELLENT CHOICE

•POLITICAL LEADER IN NEW SPAIN

•OÑATE’S EXPEDITION=150 FAMILIES

(MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN) AND

10 PRIESTS

•83 WAGONS CARRIED THEIR TOOLS

• Describe in detail your

overall impression of the

photograph

• Divide the photograph

into quadrants, in what

new ways do new details

become visible

• List people, objects, and

activities you see

• What can you learn from

the photograph

• What details in the image

suggest how the artist

viewed Oñate

EL CAMINO REAL•THE TRIP TOOK 6 MONTHS

•EL CAMINO REAL = ROYAL ROAD

•RIO DEL NORTE = RIO GRANDE

•THEY STOPPED NEAR EL PASO, TX

•OÑATE DECLARED THE LAND KINGDOM OF

NEW MEXICO

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBlDmq3Rs88

JORNADA DEL MUERTO•90 MILE STRETCH OF THE EL CAMINO REAL

= JORNADA DEL MUERTO

•A DOG LED THEM TO WATER

•THE POOL OF WATER BECAME KNOWN AS

LOS CHARCOS DEL PERILLO

•THE NATIVES WERE EXTREMELY HELPFUL

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CBlDmq3Rs88

DEMANDS ARE MADE

•SETTLED IN OHKE LATER TO BE

CALLED SAN JUAN

•THEY RELIED ON THE PUEBLOANS TO

FEED THEM

•THE SPANIARDS WANTED MORE

1. HOW DO YOU THINK ONATE’S

EXPLORATIONS WILL AFFECT THE PEOPLE

AND THE NEW LAND THAT WAS

DISCOVERED?

2. IN YOUR OPINION DID ONATE CONTRIBUTE

ANY POSITIVITY TO THE SETTLING OF NM?

ACOMA REVOLT•THEY BELIEVED THEY COULD DEFY THE

SPANISH

•DECEMBER 1598 THE ACOMA REVOLT

TOOK PLACE

•THE ACOMA KILLED ONE OF ONATE’S

NEPHEWS

ACOMA REVOLT

•IN JANUARY THE SPANISH CLIMBED

THE CLIFF

•3 DAY BATTLE

•SPANISH WOMEN DEFENDED THEIR

HOMES WITH THEIR SOLDIERS AWAY

ACOMA REVOLT

•ONATE WON

•THE PUEBLOANS WHO SURVIVED

WERE ENSLAVED

•YOUNG WARRIORS HAD THEIR RIGHT

FOOT CUT OFF

Who and

why do

you think

Onate’s

foot was

cut off of

statue?

TROUBLE FROM WITHIN

•THE COLONISTS WERE ALSO GIVING

ONATE TROUBLE

•MANY COMPLAINED OF THE HARSH

CLIMATE AND LACK OF FOOD

•THEY WANTED TO RETURN TO NEW

SPAIN, ONATE REFUSED TO ALLOW IT

1. HOW DO YOU THINK ONATE’S

EXPLORATIONS AFFECTED THE PEOPLE AND

THE NEW LAND THAT WAS DISCOVERED?

2. IN YOUR OPINION DID ONATE CONTRIBUTE

ANY POSITIVES TO THE SETTLING OF NM?

RESUMING THE SEARCH•ONATE DECIDED TO CONTINUE THE

SEARCH OF THE SEVEN CITIES OF

CIBOLA

•IN THE WEST HE CAME ACROSS A 200FT

SANDSTONE AND CARVED HIS NAME AND

DATE IN IT

RESUMING THE SEARCH

•THE SANDSTONE BECAME KNOWN AS

EL MORRO = THE BLUFF

•A BLUFF IS A STEEP CLIFF

Paso Por Aqui =

Passed by here

• Why do you

think Onate

carved his

name, date,

and the

message on the

• What

conclusions can

be drawn about

Onate from

what he carved

into the rock

RESUMING THE SEARCH

•ONATE TRAVELED TO MANY OF THE

SAME PLACES AS CORONADO

•WHEN ONATE FOUND NOTHING BUT

BUFFALO HE RETURNED TO SAN

RESUMING THE SEARCH•MANY OF THE COLONISTS HAD RETURNED TO

NEW SPAIN

•THE COLONISTS TOLD THE GOVERNMENT OF

ONATE’S HARSH TREATMENT AND NO RICHES

•ONATE RETURNED TO MEXICO ONLY TO BE

BANISHED

SPANISH DECIDE TO STAY

•ONATE LEFT IN 1607

•THE SPANISH HAD TO DECIDE, GO OR

•VICEROY OF NEW SPAIN BEGGED THE

KING NOT TO ABANDON

SPANISH DECIDE TO STAY•THE KING DECIDED TO STAY

•RATHER THAN WEALTH, THEY WOULD

SEARCH FOR SPIRITUAL WEALTH

•IN SPAIN MANY WERE ABANDONING

THEIR FAITH

A NEW CAPITAL

•DON PEDRO DE PERALTA = NEW

GOVERNOR

•FOUND A NEW LOCATION FOR THE

CAPITAL (SANTA FE)

•GOOD LOCATION

A SPANISH TOWN•PLAZAS

•PRACTICE FIGHTING

•FIESTAS

•TRADE

•USED FOR VISITATION DURING OFF

POLITICAL CENTER

•LA CASA REAL = ROYAL PALACE

•SPANISH GOVERNORS LIVED THERE

•THEY RULED FROM THIS BUILDING

FOR 211 YEARS

RELIGIOUS CENTER

•SAINT FRANCIS WAS IN THE PLAZA

•THE CHURCH WAS NECESSARY

•CATHOLIC RELIGION WAS CENTRAL

TO EVERY SPANIARD’S LIFE

MILITARY CENTER

•PRESIDIO (MILITARY FORT)

•HOUSED WEAPONS AND SUPPLIES

•SOLDIERS WERE STATIONED THERE

•A WALL AROUND THE PLAZA

OFFERED PROTECTION

1. HOW DO YOU THINK PERALTA AFFECTED

THE PEOPLE AND THE LAND?

2. WHAT WAS THE PLAZA USED FOR?

TOWN’S SET UP•COLONISTS BUILT THEIR HOMES OUTSIDE

THE WALLS

•EACH COLONIST WAS GIVEN TWO PLOTS OF

•EXPECTED TO FARM, FEED THE COMMUNITY,

AND CONTRIBUTE TO THE ECONOMY

MIXTURE OF STYLES

•PERALTA WANTED TO MAKE SANTA

FE AS SPANISH AS POSSIBLE

•IN THE END SANTA FE LOOKED

MORE LIKE A PUEBLO

•PUEBLOANS PROVIDED THE LABOR

COLONIAL GOVERNMENT

•PERALTA = ROYAL GOVERNOR

•CABILDO = TOWN COUNCIL

•COUNCILMEN’S JOBS = DISTRIBUTING

LAND, MAKING LAWS, COLLECTING

TAXES, SUPERVISING TRADE, TOWN’S

SAFETY, AND JUDGES

PRESENT DAY COUNCILMEN•CARRYING OUT CITY BUSINESS

•MANAGING THE CITY’S MONEY

•CONDUCTING INTERGOVERNMENTAL

AFFAIRS

•PROTECTING THE CITY

•PROVIDING LEADERSHIP

1. HOW DO YOU THINK PERALTA AFFECTED

THE PEOPLE AND THE LAND?

King of

Viceroy of

New Spain

Royal Government

of New Mexico

Cabildo (Town Council)

Regidores (Councilman)

LAND GRANT SYSTEM

•BIGGEST JOB FOR THE CABILDO WAS

OVERSEEING THE LAND GRANT

•A SETTLER HAD TO AGREE TO LIVE AND

WORK THE LAND FOR AT LEAST 4

•PART OF THE ENCOMIENDA

ACEQUIAS

•IRRIGATION CANALS = ACEQUIAS

•ACEQUIA WAS A CENTRAL FEATURE

•ACEQUIA MADRE = MAIN IRRIGATION

•MAYORDOMO = DITCH MASTER

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RUv2Tz1ayTc

Acequia systems

set up in NM

WATER IN NEW MEXICO

•WHY DID PEOPLE PUT SO MUCH

EFFORT IN CONTROLLING WATER?

•IN PERCENTAGE, HOW MUCH WATER

AREA DO YOU THINK NEW MEXICO

WATER IN NEW MEXICO

•LESS THAN 5% WATER AREA

•LAND AREA SQUARE MILES= 121,298

•WATER AREA SQUARE MILES= 292

•PERCENT AREA WATER= .20%

COLONIAL ECONOMY

•NM IMPORTANT TO SPANISH EMPIRE

•ECONOMY BASED ON FARMING AND

RANCHING

•SOLD NATIVE MADE BLANKETS,

CLOTHING, JEWELRY, AND SLAVES

MANUFACTURED GOODS

•AN ITEM THAT IS PRODUCED FROM

RAW MATERIALS

•WOOD = NATURAL RESOURCE

•WOOD FURNITURE =

MANUFACTURED GOOD

1. HOW DID THE ACEQUIA SYSTEM AFFECT

THE PEOPLE?

2. WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF A

MANUFACTURED GOOD?

MANUFACTURED GOODS•EVERY 3 YEARS A CARAVAN

BROUGHT GOODS

•THE CARAVAN CARRIED BACK RAW

MATERIALS AND NATIVE GOODS

MANUFACTURED GOODS•THE NEW WORLD GAVE RAW

MATERIALS TO SPAIN

•SPAIN TURNED THEM INTO

MANUFACTURED GOODS

•MANUFACTURED GOODS WENT TO THE

NEW WORLD

THE ENVIRONMENT

•RIO GRANDE OFFERED VEGETATION

FOR LIVESTOCK

•MOSTLY FLAT ROUTE

•ONCE IN SOCORRO THE ROUTE

BECAME MOUNTAINOUS

EL CAMINO REAL

•WATER DETERMINED THE LENGTH OF

THE JOURNEY

•PARAJES = CAMP GROUND

•SOME PARAJES BECAME SETTLEMENTS

EL CAMINO REAL

•FLOODING OF THE RIO GRANDE

WHIPPED OUT SECTIONS

•HAD TO CROSS THE RIVER CAREFULLY

CATHOLIC MISSIONS•MAIN GOAL = CONVERT NATIVES

•HEADQUARTERS = SANTO DOMINGO

•NATIVES KILLED MISSIONARIES

•MID-1600S PRIESTS CLAIM MANY

NATIVES CONVERTED

Mission Nuestra

Señora de la

Concepción de

Acuña, San

Antonio, Texas

San Miguel Chaple,

Santa Fe, New

Mexico

Zuni Mission

HIGH EXPECTATIONS•CONVERTING WAS NOT ENOUGH

•PRIESTS WANTED TO “HISPANIZE”

NATIVES

•NATIVES WERE EXPECTED TO GIVE

UP THEIR CULTURE

HIGH EXPECTATIONS•RELIGIOUS OBJECTS WERE

DESTROYED

•TRADITIONS WERE BANNED

•RELIGIOUS LEADERS WERE

PUNISHED

HIGH EXPECTATIONS•NATIVES EXPECTED TO DRESS LIKE

SPANIARDS

•NOT FOLLOWING THE RULES MEANT

PUNISHMENT

•RESENTED PRIESTS AS MUCH AS

ENCOMENDEROS

STRUGGLE FOR POWER

•PRIESTS HAD A LOT OF POWER

•COLONIAL GOVERNMENT HAD A LOT

OF POWER TOO

•PRIESTS AND GOVERNMENT ARGUED

WHO WAS IN CHARGE

STRUGGLE FOR POWER

•COLONISTS USED NATIVES FOR

THEIR OWN LABOR

•PRIESTS WANTED TO USE THEM FOR

THEIR LABOR

•CONFLICT ENSUED

1. HOW DID THE EL CAMINO REAL AFFECT

WHERE SETTLEMENTS WERE MADE?

2. WHAT CAUSED THE RIFT BETWEEN THE

CHURCH AND GOVERNMENT?

BACKGROUND

•1670S THERE WAS A DROUGHT

•DROUGHT=FAMINE=RAIDS

•PUEBLOS FACED DISEASES

•PUEBLOS WENT BACK TO THEIR

RELIGIONS

BACKGROUND•THE VIGOR FOR THEIR RELIGION

CAUSED PROBLEMS

•FRAY POSADA BANNED RELIGIOUS

•1675 – GOVERNOR TREVINO

ARRESTED 75 MEDICINE MEN

PUEBLO REVOLT

•1680, PUEBLOS LOST PATIENCE

•SEVERE DROUGHT, RAIDS, AND

SMALLPOX OUTBREAK

•FREEDOM = RESTORED HARMONY

PUEBLO REVOLT

•MESSENGERS WENT TO EACH

PUEBLO

•ONE KNOT = ONE DAY

•APACHES BECAME THEIR ALLIES

UNITED ATTACK•AUGUST 10, 1680 = UPRISING BEGAN

•MISSIONS AND SETTLEMENTS WERE

ATTACKED

•PUEBLOS HAD NEVER COME

TOGETHER BEFORE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pg6VLYbVAOM

UNITED ATTACK•SPANIARDS WON OUTSIDE

SANTA FE

•PUEBLOS CUT OFF WATER

SUPPLY

•SPANIARDS FLED SANTA FE

UNITED ATTACK•SPANISH REFUGEES TRAVELED THE

EL CAMINO REAL

•REFUGEE – A PERSON WHO FLEES

BECAUSE OF WAR

•400 SPANIARDS HAD BEEN KILLED

OCCUPIED SANTA FE

•12 YEARS OF DESTRUCTION

•DESTROY SPANISH CULTURE,

RESTORE THEIR OWN

•IMPOSSIBLE TASK

•1690S, UNITY HAD DISAPPEARED

•WAS A MEDICINE MAN AND WAR

•HE HAD BEEN ARRESTED

•PUEBLO WARRIORS DEMANDED HIS

RELEASE

•PUEBLOS SHARED HATRED OVER

SPANIARDS

•SPANIARDS FLED, POPÉ BECAME

LEADER

•PUEBLOS WERE HAPPY AT FIRST

•PUEBLOS SOON GOT FRUSTRATED

WITH POPÉ

•RAIN AND PEACE NEVER CAME

•POPÉ DIED 2 YEARS BEFORE

SPANISH RECONQUERED

1. WHAT WERE SOME OF THE CAUSES OF THE

PUEBLO REVOLT?

2. WHY WAS IT DIFFICULT TO RESTORE THEIR

(PUEBLOS) CULTURE?

SPANISH RETURN

•1692 SPANISH RETURN

•REGAIN GLORY AND LAND

•DON DIEGO DE VARGAS WAS

CHOSEN

DON DIEGO DE VARGAS•RESPECTED FAMILY

•HIS ANCESTORS WERE KNIGHTS

•FATHER WAS IN DEBT, MOVED TO

AMERICA

•TOOK AN IMPERIAL POST IN

GUATEMALA

DON DIEGO DE VARGAS

•VARGAS HAD 5 CHILDREN, HIS DEBT

•NOT SUITABLE IN MANAGING MONEY

•DESIRE FOR SOCIAL AND POLITICAL

IMPORTANCE

DON DIEGO DE VARGAS•1673, LEFT HIS FAMILY AND MOVED TO

AMERICA LIKE HIS FATHER

•QUEEN GAVE HIM POSITION OF CHIEF

•1683 WAS PROMOTED TO ROYAL

ADMINISTRATOR

DON DIEGO DE VARGAS•1688 OBTAINED GOVERNORSHIP OF

NEW MEXICO

•DID NOT FULLY RECEIVE IT TILL 1691

•PLEDGED TO GIVE RIO GRANDE

PUEBLO BACK TO SPAIN

RECONQUEST•COMPETITION WITH FRANCE MADE NM

A PRIORITY

•VARGAS HEADED TO NM WITH A SMALL

•PUEBLOS DID NOT FIGHT

RECONQUEST•VARGAS WANTED A PEACEFUL

RECONQUEST

•MANY PUEBLOS AGREED TO CATHOLIC

AND SPANISH RULE

•DECEMBER 1693, VARGAS BROUGHT

MORE PEOPLE

RECONQUEST•SANTA FE WAS FILLED WITH PUEBLOS

•SPANISH INSISTED NATIVES LEAVE

•VARGAS WENT INTO BATTLE

•VARGAS WON AND RECLAIMED SANTA

RECONQUEST•THE PUEBLOS WERE WEAKER AND

HAD NO LEADER

•MOST FLED TO THE MOUNTAINS

•LATE 1696 SPANISH WERE ONCE

AGAIN IN CONTROL OF NM

NEW SETTLEMENTS•THE SPANISH BEGAN SETTLING MORE

•SANTA CRUZ AND ALBUQUERQUE

•BUILT AROUND A PLAZA

NEW SETTLEMENTS•NEW SETTLEMENTS WERE PLACED IN

PROXIMITY TO THE EL CAMINO REAL

AND RIO GRANDE

1. HOW DID THE SPANISH DECIDE WHERE TO

BUILD THEIR SETTLEMENTS?

2. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE FIRST

CONQUEST AND THE SECOND OF NM?

18TH CENTURY NM

•LIVED ON SMALL FARMS OR LARGE

ESTATES (HACIENDAS)

•CORN, BEANS, AND WHEAT WERE

•ACEQUIAS PROVIDED WATER

NEW LAND GRANTS•GRANTED LAND TO INDIVIDUALS AND

GROUPS

•1740, 32 FAMILIES ASKED FOR

COMMUNITY LAND GRANT

•1700S PUEBLOS ALSO GOT LAND

GRANTS

MAKING A LIVING

•FARMING, RANCHING, AND HUNTING

BUFFALO

•MOST POPULAR LIVESTOCK = SHEEP

•CHURROS = BREED OF SHEEP

MAKING A LIVING

•WEALTHIEST SETTLERS, 1000+

•SHEEPHERDING = HARD AND

LONELY

•GRAZING ON MOUNTAINS

LIVING PEACEFULLY

•1700S RELATIONS WITH PUEBLOS

IMPROVED

•CHURCH WAS MORE ACCEPTING OF

NATIVE RELIGIONS

HOSTILE TRIBES

•COMANCHES AND UTES MOVED INTO

THE AREA

•COMANCHES WERE FIERCE

WARRIORS AND EXCELLENT

HORSEMEN

HOSTILE TRIBES

•UTES WERE ALSO FIERCE WARRIORS

AND EXCELLENT HORSEMEN

•RAIDS OCCURRED DURING HARD

•CAPTURED SPANISH COLONISTS

PEACE WITH COMANCHES

•GOV. ANZA LED A SURPRISE ATTACK

•COMANCHES AGREED TO A PEACE

TREATY IN 1786

•BECAME VALUED SPANISH ALLIES

FATE OF THE PUEBLOS

•1700S: SPANISH POPULATION

INCREASED, PUEBLOS DECREASED

•DISEASE AND RAIDS

•CORONADO: 60 PUEBLO VILLAGES

•ONLY 19 REMAINED

TAOS TRADE FAIR

•ONCE A YEAR

•HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE WENT

•EVEN IN WAR, TEMPORARY PEACE

IN ORDER TO GO

TAOS TRADE FAIR•SPANISH = METAL TOOLS AND WOOLEN

•PUEBLOS = CROPS, POTTERY,

BLANKETS

•NOMADIC = ANIMAL HIDES, BUFFALO

ROBES, STOLEN GOODS

1. HOW DID THE SPANISH MAKE PEACE WITH

THE COMANCHE?

2. HOW DID THE PUEBLO POPULATION CHANGE

SINCE THE SPANISH ARRIVED?

BUFFALO HUNTERS

•LOS CIBOLEROS = SPANISH

BUFFALO HUNTERS

•CARAVANS FORMED IN OCTOBER

•MAYORDOMO LED THE CARAVAN

BUFFALO HUNTERS

•MAYORDOMO FOUND CAMP AND

SENT OUT SCOUTS

•AT DAWN THE HUNT BEGAN

•LEARNED TO HUNT BY THE

COMANCHES

BUFFALO HUNTERS

•USED EVERY PART OF THE ANIMAL

•HIDES FOR ROBES AND RUGS

•DRIED BUFFALO MEAT = CARNE SECA

•BUFFALO TONGUES = EXPENSIVE

TREATS

COWBOYS

•VAQUEROS = SPANISH COWBOYS

•COWBOYS WERE IN SPAIN AND

PORTUGAL

•EARLY COWBOYS SET THE TREND

PAST AND PRESENT

•SADDLES, STIRRUPS, AND SPURS

•CHAPS = CHAPARRERAS

•RODEO SIMILAR TO COWBOY GAMES

1. HOW DID THE COMANCHES HELP THE

CIBOLEROS?

2. HOW ARE PRESENT DAY COWBOYS LINKED

TO THE PAST?

BUFFALO HUNTERS

•EARLY 1800S, 50-60 MILLION

BUFFALO ROAMING THE GREAT

PLAINS

•1890 ONLY 750

•IN DANGER OF BECOMING EXTINCT

BUFFALO HUNTERS

• PLAINS INDIANS AND WHITE

COMMERCIAL BUFFALO HUNTERS

VIED FOR THE RIGHT TO KILL

BUFFALO

•BOTH SIDES HAD SUPPORTERS

• HTTPS://WWW.TEXASBEYONDHISTORY.NET/REDRIVER/LESSON.HTML

1. WHO WERE VYING FOR CONTROL OF THE

BUFFALO?

2. IN YOUR OPINION WHO DO YOU BELIEVE

HAS THE RIGHT? EXPLAIN.

Chapter 33.what was the encomienda? answers 1.king ferdinand and queen isabella 2.till his dying day...

Documents