CHAPTER 4 EOCT

VOCABULARY TERMS

Time at the turn of the Century when mechanization in industry replaced manual labor.

Began in England, but quickly spread to the US.

Lowell, Mass.

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Time at the turn

of the Century when mechanization in industry replaced manual labor.

Began in England, but quickly spread to the US.

Lowell, Mass.

Invented the Cotton Engine (gin) in 1793

Allowed the South to clean/ harvest cotton at a more rapid rate (Cotton Kingdom)

Increased slavery

ELI WHITNEY Invented the

Cotton Engine (gin) in 1793

Allowed the South to clean/ harvest cotton at a more rapid rate (Cotton Kingdom)

Increased slavery

Eli Whitney’s idea to make replacement parts for machines

He first began making muskets, but the idea spread to all industries in the US

INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS Eli Whitney’s

idea to make replacement parts for machines

He first began making muskets, but the idea spread to all industries in the US

An unforeseen consequence of the Industrial Rev.

The economic, social, cultural, and political differences b/t the: North (factory/

immigrant labor) South (plantation/

slave labor) West (frontier/ small

land owners)

SECTIONALISM An unforeseen

consequence of the Industrial Rev.

The economic, social, cultural, and political differences b/t the: North (factory/

immigrant labor) South (plantation/

slave labor) West (frontier/ small

land owners)

Mid 19th Century belief that it was God’s will for the US to expand and process territory from the Atlantic to Pacific Oceans.

MANIFEST DESTINY Mid 19th Century

belief that it was God’s will for the US to expand and process territory from the Atlantic to Pacific Oceans.

March 6, 1836 Small group of Texans

took refuge in an abandoned Spanish mission to fight against the much larger Mexican army under Gen. Santa Anna

All 186 Texans died Became rallying cry

for the Texas Revolution

THE ALAMO March 6, 1836 Small group of Texans

took refuge in an abandoned Spanish mission to fight against the much larger Mexican army under Gen. Santa Anna

All 186 Texans died Became rallying cry

for the Texas Revolution

Texas won independence from Mexico, and wanted to become a state.

Northern Republicans didn’t want it to b/c it could become many slave states

TX became a slave state in 1845

ANNEXATION OF TEXAS Texas won

independence from Mexico, and wanted to become a state.

Northern Republicans didn’t want it to b/c it could become many slave states

TX became a slave state in 1845

After TX, Polk turned his attention to Oregon, which was jointly owned w/ Britain.

“54-40 or Fight!” was the slogan in this feud.

Britain gave up its claim to the land

OREGON After TX, Polk

turned his attention to Oregon, which was jointly owned w/ Britain.

“54-40 or Fight!” was the slogan in this feud.

Britain gave up its claim to the land

Polk then provoked a war w/ Mexico

Feb. 1848 Congress agreed, and US and Mexico began the Mexican-American War.

The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ended this war w/ the US gaining a lot of land

The Gadsden Purchase was the last land acquisition by the US…it set the boundaries of the US today.

WAR ON MEXICO/ GADSDEN PURCHASE Polk then provoked a war

w/ Mexico Feb. 1848 Congress

agreed, and US and Mexico began the Mexican-American War.

The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo ended this war w/ the US gaining a lot of land

The Gadsden Purchase was the last land acquisition by the US…it set the boundaries of the US today.

Settlers rushed into CA when gold was discovered at Sutters Mill.

The Compromise of 1850 enabled CA to be entered as a non-slave state in 1850

CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH 1849

Settlers rushed into CA when gold was discovered at Sutters Mill.

The Compromise of 1850 enabled CA to be entered as a non-slave state in 1850

Hero in the War of 1812

Was a “normal” person, not wealthy aristocrat

His govt favored the poor common man

Spoils System

ANDREW JACKSON Hero in the War

of 1812 Was a “normal”

person, not wealthy aristocrat

His govt favored the poor common man

Spoils System

Western expansion Rights of the

frontier settlers Resented “eastern

elites” Believed in

Universal Suffrage—all whites voting (no property requirement)

JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY/ UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE

Western expansion Rights of the

frontier settlers Resented “eastern

elites” Believed in

Universal Suffrage—all whites voting (no property requirement)

Jackson rewarded those who supported him by giving them govt jobs (common today)

SPOILS SYSTEM Jackson

rewarded those who supported him by giving them govt jobs (common today)

Jackson’s belief that govt should not regulate private enterprise

Adam Smith first wrote of this in the book “The Wealth of Nations”

LAISSEZ-FAIRE ECONOMICS

Jackson’s belief that govt should not regulate private enterprise

Adam Smith first wrote of this in the book “The Wealth of Nations”

Jackson believed that the federal govt should be restricted to only those powers the Constitution specifically gave (like Jefferson)

STRICT INTERPRETATION OF THE CONSTITUTION Jackson believed

that the federal govt should be restricted to only those powers the Constitution specifically gave (like Jefferson)

Jackson saw the Native Americans as an obstacle for westward expansion/ Manifest Destiny

Jackson supported GA’s efforts to remove the Cherokee tribe

The Cherokee sued (find ct. case), but were removed anyway

INDIAN REMOVAL ACT Jackson saw the

Native Americans as an obstacle for westward expansion/ Manifest Destiny

Jackson supported GA’s efforts to remove the Cherokee tribe

The Cherokee sued (find ct. case), but were removed anyway

The march of the Cherokee Indians from Georgia to Oklahoma, where many suffered and died along the way.

TRAIL OF TEARS The march of the

Cherokee Indians from Georgia to Oklahoma, where many suffered and died along the way.

Jackson’s opponents took on the name “Whigs”

Jackson’s political party was the “Democrats”

Many bitter feuds b/t these two parties in the US during the 1840s

TWO-PARTY SYSTEM Jackson’s

opponents took on the name “Whigs”

Jackson’s political party was the “Democrats”

Many bitter feuds b/t these two parties in the US during the 1840s

The Second Great Awakening inspired many Americans to take up social causes to help the disadvantaged during the 1800sEducationTemperanceAbolitionWoman’s Rights

SOCIAL REFORM MOVEMENTS The Second Great

Awakening inspired many Americans to take up social causes to help the disadvantaged during the 1800sEducationTemperanceAbolitionWoman’s Rights

Horace Mann fought for better public education in the US

EDUCATION Horace Mann

fought for better public education in the US

Advocated abstinence from alcohol

Many states prohibited alcohol

Carrie Nation is an example of one such lady

TEMPERANCE Advocated

abstinence from alcohol

Many states prohibited alcohol

Carrie Nation is an example of one such lady

The movement to abolish slavery in America

ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT The movement

to abolish slavery in America

Members wanted women to be treated equally w/ men…wanted suffrage

Seneca Falls Conference (1848)

Key people: Elizabeth Cady

Stanton Lucretia Mott Susan B. Anthony

WOMEN’S RIGHTS MOVEMENT Members wanted

women to be treated equally w/ men…wanted suffrage

Seneca Falls Conference (1848)

Key people: Elizabeth Cady

Stanton Lucretia Mott Susan B. Anthony