Chapter 5: Atoms, Elements, and Minerals Visit the Online Learning Centre at Chapter.

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Chapter 5: Atoms, Elements, and Minerals

Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer

Chapter 5: Atoms, Elements,and Minerals

What are Atoms and Elements?What are Atoms and Elements?

What is Crystal Structure?What is Crystal Structure?

What are the Most Abundant Elements in theWhat are the Most Abundant Elements in the

How Do We Identify Minerals?How Do We Identify Minerals?What are the Physical Properties of Minerals?What are the Physical Properties of Minerals?

Earth’s Crust?Earth’s Crust?

Specimen of Granite

Figure 5.1

Model of Crystal Structureof Halite (or Table Salt)

Figure 5.2

Water Molecule

Box 5.1

(A) Model, and (B) Schematic ofthe Oxygen Atom

Figure 5.3

(A) Helium Atom, and(B) Neon Atom

Figure 5.4

(A) Sodium Ion, and(B) Chlorine Ion

Figure 5.5

Crustal Abundance of Elements

Table 5.1

Ionic Bonding betweenSodium and Chlorine

Box 5.2 – Figure 1

Carbon Atoms CovalentlyBonded, as in Diamond

Box 5.2 – Figure 2

The Silicon-OxygenTetrahedron

Figure 5.6

Single Tetrahedrons (A, B) Require More Positively-Charged Ions to Maintain Electrical

Neutrality Than Those Sharing an Oxygen Atom

Figure 5.7

Common Silicate Structures

Figure 5.8

Crystal Structure of Olivine

Figure 5.9

(A) Model, and (B) Diagram ofa Single-Chain Silicate Structure

Figure 5.10

Minerals of the Earth’s Crust

Table 5.2

Expansive Clays

Box 5.4

Mohs’ Hardness Scale

Table 5.3

Quartz Crystals with Interfacial Angles

Figure 5.15

Geometric Forms Built by StackingCubes (A,B) and Rhombohedrons (C,D)

Figure 5.16

Relationship of Cubes to Partof a Halite Crystal

Figure 5.17

Relationship of Mica to Cleavage

Figure 5.18b

Possible Types of Mineral Cleavage

Figure 5.19

X-Ray Passes Through a Crystaland is Deflected by the

Atoms into a Pattern of Beams

Figure 5.25

Bancroft: Mineral Capital of Canada

Box 5.5

Photo by N. Eyles

Answers to SelectedTesting Your Knowledge

Questions

Additional Resources

Student ResourcesStudent ResourcesStudent Online Learning CentreThe robust Student Edition of the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer features quizzes for study and review, interactive exercises and animation, as well as additional boxed readings, searchable glossary, “Virtual Vista” environments, suggestions for further reading, and much more!

Laboratory ManualThe Lab Manual to accompany Physical Geology and the Environment has been created as a resource for laboratory sessions in physical geology, mirroring the "Inquiry-Based Approach" of the text. Structured on exercises and corresponding background concepts, the lab manual contains student-friendly worksheets, and has been perforated for easy lab use.

Instructor ResourcesInstructor ResourcesInstructor Online Learning CentreThe OLC at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer includes a password-protected Web site for Instructors. The site offers downloadable supplements and access to PageOut, the McGraw-Hill Ryerson Web site development centre.

Instructor’s Manual – The IM contains a chapter overview, list of changes per chapter, chapter learning objectives, further information on boxed features, short and long discussion/essay questions, and details on additional readings and resources outside the textbook.

Test Bank – Contains a bank of 40-60 multiple-choice and true/false questions per chapter.

Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation – This presentation system offers visual presentations that may be edited and manipulated to fit a particular course format. They also contain selected solutions to the problem material.

TransparenciesA set of more than 200 transparencies tied to the text content are available for instructors.

Chapter 5: Atoms, Elements, and Minerals Visit the Online Learning Centre at Chapter.

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