Chordata: Amphibans, Reptiles, and Birds William Ross Jeff.

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Chordata:Chordata:Amphibans, Reptiles, and BirdsAmphibans, Reptiles, and Birds

http://farm1.static.flickr.com/34/70054553_b22233029b.jpg

William Ross

Common CharacteristicsCommon Characteristics

Body cavity: All are coelomates Body cavity: All are coelomates Body symmetry: Bilaterally symmetricalBody symmetry: Bilaterally symmetrical Nervous system: Have spinal cords with Nervous system: Have spinal cords with

vertebrae and brainsvertebrae and brains Circulatory system:Circulatory system:

Amphibians and Reptiles are EctothermicAmphibians and Reptiles are Ectothermic Birds are EndothermicBirds are Endothermic

Digestive system / Excretory system: One Digestive system / Excretory system: One way digestive trackway digestive track

Common CharacteristicsCommon Characteristics

Locomotion/Musculature: Ambibans, Locomotion/Musculature: Ambibans, Amniotes (Reptiles and Birds included) are Amniotes (Reptiles and Birds included) are TetrapodsTetrapods

Skeletal type: Mineralized endoskeletons Skeletal type: Mineralized endoskeletons (in reptiles and birds)(in reptiles and birds)

AmphibiansAmphibians

Class AmphibiaClass Amphibia Order UrodelaOrder Urodela

SalamandersSalamanders

Order AnuraOrder Anura FrogsFrogs

http://www.richard-seaman.com/Travel/CzechRepublic/Wildlife/CzechSalamander.jpg

Order ApodaOrder Apoda

http://www.kansasriver.org/files/Image/Plains%20Leopard%20Frog.jpg

AmphibiansAmphibians

Derived Characteristics:Derived Characteristics: Most have “dual lives”Most have “dual lives” Aquatic Larval stageAquatic Larval stage Adult land dwelling stage Adult land dwelling stage Most live in damp habits Most live in damp habits

like swamps and rain forestslike swamps and rain forests Some Amphibians only Some Amphibians only

breathe through skin and oral breathe through skin and oral cavitycavity

AmphibiansAmphibians Sample Organisms:Sample Organisms:

Rana blairi Rana blairi (Plains (Plains Leopard Frog)Leopard Frog)

Salamandra salamandra Salamandra salamandra (Fire Salamander)(Fire Salamander)

ReptilesReptiles

Class ReptillaClass Reptilla Crocodilia Crocodilia

Crocodiles and AlligatorsCrocodiles and Alligators

SphenodontiaSphenodontia TuatarasTuataras

http://www.taoistsecret.com/Images/KingCobra.jpghttp://depts.washington.edu/natmap/photos/reptiles/short-horned_lizard_babies_mom_0805.jpg

SquamataSquamata Lizards and SnakesLizards and Snakes

Testudines Testudines Turtles and TortoisesTurtles and Tortoises

ReptilesReptiles

Ammonites: Ammonites: named for their amniotic eggsnamed for their amniotic eggs Derived Characteristics:Derived Characteristics:

Waterproof Scales made of Waterproof Scales made of ββ – Keratin – Keratin Other characteristics are “highly derived”Other characteristics are “highly derived”

ReptilesReptiles

Ammonites: Ammonites: named for their amniotic eggsnamed for their amniotic eggs Sample Organisms:Sample Organisms:

Phrynosoma douglasii (Short-horned Horned Phrynosoma douglasii (Short-horned Horned Lizard)Lizard)

Ophiophagus hannah (King Corba)Ophiophagus hannah (King Corba)

BirdsBirds

Class AvesClass Aves Nearly a dozen surviving Nearly a dozen surviving

modern ordersmodern orders

http://shew-design.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/Emperor_Penguin.jpg

http://www.birdfinders.co.uk/images/black-rumped-flameback-nepal-2008.jpg

BirdsBirds

Derived Characteristics:Derived Characteristics: Adoptions for flight:Adoptions for flight:

No urinary bladderNo urinary bladder Often one ovary in femalesOften one ovary in females No teethNo teeth Air filled honey-combed wingsAir filled honey-combed wings

Feathers contain Feathers contain β – Keratin like scales

BirdsBirds

Sample Organisms: Sample Organisms: Dinopium benghalenseDinopium benghalense (Black-

Rumped Flameback) Aptenodytes forsteri (Emperor

Penguin)

ContrastsContrasts

Sensory structures/features:Sensory structures/features: All have developed eyes and ears butAll have developed eyes and ears but

Birds have the best eyesight of the vertebratesBirds have the best eyesight of the vertebrates

Reproduction:Reproduction: Amphibians most have aquatic external Amphibians most have aquatic external

fertilization fertilization Reptiles and birds have internal fertilization Reptiles and birds have internal fertilization

and lay amniotic eggsand lay amniotic eggs Which contain extrambryonic membranesWhich contain extrambryonic membranes

http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/34-19-AmnioticEgg-L.gif

ContrastsContrasts

Gas exchangeGas exchange Most larval amphibians use gills and most Most larval amphibians use gills and most

adult amphibians rely on moist skin for gas adult amphibians rely on moist skin for gas exchangeexchange

Most reptiles (except Turtles) use lungs as Most reptiles (except Turtles) use lungs as scales prevent breathing through skinscales prevent breathing through skin Turtles can use moist surfaces of their cloaca for Turtles can use moist surfaces of their cloaca for

gas exchangegas exchange

Birds rely on lungsBirds rely on lungs

Are You Ready?Are You Ready?Quiz Time!Quiz Time!

Question 1Question 1

As opposed to Reptiles and Amphibians, As opposed to Reptiles and Amphibians, only Birdsonly Birds A. Are ectothermicA. Are ectothermic B. Have B. Have ββ – Keratin – Keratin C. Are endothermicC. Are endothermic D. Both B and CD. Both B and C

Correct Answer: CCorrect Answer: C

Compared with Birds and Reptiles Compared with Birds and Reptiles AmphibiansAmphibians A. Can still live in aquatic environmentsA. Can still live in aquatic environments B. Breath solely with their oral cavityB. Breath solely with their oral cavity C. Breath through their skinC. Breath through their skin D. Have internal fertilizationD. Have internal fertilization

Correct Answer: CCorrect Answer: C

What do reptiles and birds share in What do reptiles and birds share in common?common? A. A. ββ – Keratin – Keratin B. Amniotic eggsB. Amniotic eggs C. Both are tetrapodsC. Both are tetrapods D. All of the aboveD. All of the above

Correct Answer: DCorrect Answer: D

Which of the following is Which of the following is notnot an adaptation an adaptation for flight in birdsfor flight in birds A. Honey combed wingsA. Honey combed wings B. No teethB. No teeth C. No urinary bladderC. No urinary bladder D. None of the aboveD. None of the above

Correct Answer: DCorrect Answer: D

Thank YouThank You

Chordata: Amphibans, Reptiles, and Birds William Ross Jeff.

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