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2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 1
Circulatory disorders
Aneurysm: ballooning ofan artery, thinning and weakening
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 2
Circulatory disorders
Angina PectorisChest pain, caused by lack of oxygen to heart muscleOften a warning before a heart attackTreat with nitroglycerin to dilate coronary arteries – given sublingual
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Circulatory disorders
Arrhythmia Any change from normal
heart rate or rhythm
BRADYCARDIA Slow heart rate (<60/minute)
TACHYCARDIA Rapid heart rate
(>100/minute)
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 4
Circulatory disorders
Arteriosclerosis: arterial walls thicken, lose
elasticity
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Circulatory disorders
Atherosclerosis: fatty
deposits form on
walls of arteries
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Circulatory disorders
Coronary artery disease: a narrowing of the arteries that supply oxygen and
nutrient- filled blood to the heart
Hypertension: HBP High blood pressure Silent Killer, usually no symptoms Leads to strokes, heart attacks, kidney failure Higher in African Americans and post-menopausal women Risk factors = smoking , overweight, stress, high fat diets,
family history Treatment relaxation, low fat diet exercise weight loss,
medication
Hypotension
Low blood pressure systolic <100
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Circulatory disorders
Heart failure: occurs when the
ventricles are unable to contract
effectively and blood pools in the
heart
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Circulatory disorders
Murmurs: indicates defect
in heart valves Gurgling or
hissing sound
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Circulatory disordersMyocardial infarction: MI/heart
attack Lack of blood supply to the
myocardium causes damage. Due to blockage of coronary artery
or blood clot Amount of damage depends on size
of area deprived of oxygen Immediate medical care is critical Rx: bedrest, oxygen, medication Morphine for pain, tpa to dissolve
the clot Anticoagulant therapy to prevent
further clots Angioplasty and by-pass surgery
may be necessary
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Circulatory disordersPeripheral vascular disease: caused by blockage of the arteries, usually in the
legsS/S: pain or cramping in the legs orbuttocks while walkingTx: Rx to decrease cholestrol, diet
change, improve circulation
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Circulatory disorders
Pulmonary edema: excessive fluid in
tissues
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Circulatory disorders
Transient ischemic attack
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Circulatory disorders
Varicose veins: swollen, distended veins heredity or due to posture prolonged periods of standing, physical exertion, age and
pregnancyPrevention
Wear sunscreen Elevate legs when resting Wear elastic support stockings Eating fiber diets Exercise Weight control
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Circulatory disordersLeading Causes of Death:
The Impact of Circulatory Disorders
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Relevance of nutrients to the blood and circulatory system The circulatory
system plays a vital role in homeostasis Absorption and
transport of nutrients to cells, tissues, organs, and systems