Classification

Needed to study similarities / differences of organisms

Most common system has 6 Kingdoms

I. Classification System

A. Based on:1. Presence / absence of nuclear membrane2. Unicellular (one) vs.Multi-cellular (many)3. Type of nutrition (autotroph vs. heterotroph)

II. Kingdoms

A. Monera1. Lacking nuclear membrane2. Bacteria

3. Blue-green algae

II. KingdomsB. Protista

1. Mainly unicellular2. Plant-like / animal-like characteristics3. Protozoa – heterotrophic (paramecium)

4. Algae – autotrophic (photosynthesis)

II. KingdomsC. Fungi

1. Multicellular2. Filaments absorb digested food from env3. Yeast

4. Bread Mold

5. Mushroom

II. Kingdoms

D. Plant1. Multicellular, photosynthetic (autotrophs)2. Bryophytes

a. Lack vascular tissue (no roots, stems or leaves)b. Get nutrients and excrete wastes by diffusionc. Moss

II. Kingdoms

3. Tracheophytesa. Have vascular tissue (roots, stems, leaves)b. Fern, Maple and Oak Trees

II. Kingdoms

E. Animal1. Multicellular heterotrophs (ingest food)2. Coelenterates

a. 2 cell layers w/ hallow body cavityb. Hydra, jellyfish

II. Kingdoms

3. Annelidsa. Segmented body wallsb. Earthworm, centipede

II. Kingdoms

4. Arthropodsa. Jointed appendagesb. Exoskeletonc. Grasshopper, lobster, spider

II. Kingdoms

5. Chordatesa. Dorsal nerve cordb. Shark, frog, human

III. Overview

A. Monerans = most primativeB. Animals = most complexC. Classification suggests some

organisms have common ancestry

IV. Nomenclature (Naming)

A. Kingdoms are broken into smaller groups

1. Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

2. Genus – Organisms have very similar structure

3. Species – organisms can reproduce AND have VIABLE young (their young can reproduce)

IV. Nomenclature (Naming)

B. Modern System (binomial nomenclature) developed by Linnaeus (early 1700s)

1. Names are in Latin2. Scientific Name = Genus + Species3. Genus – First part, capitalized4. Species – Second part5. Homo sapien or Homo sapien