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Powerpoint: Jean Aruel Pangilinan

When Carl Linnaeus developed his system of classification, there were only two kingdoms: Plantae and Animalia.

But, the use of microscope led to the discovery of new organisms and the identification of differences among cells

New Kingdoms were developed by scientists until Eight Kingdoms were born…

Here, the six-kingdom classification will be used namely:

The Archaebacteria Kingdom

The Eubacteria Kingdom

The Protists Kingdom

The Fungi Kingdom

The Animal Kingdom

The Plant Kingdom

Buckle Up Everyone!!!

Are microscopic and prokaryotic organisms whose cells lack a nucleus

Are usually found in harsh environments ( e.g. Places w/o oxygen, volcanoes, swamps, very salty areas, ocean floors and

even in the intestines of organisms, including humans)

They are unicellular. They are usually heterotrophs and autotrophs.

and cold environments.

Some members of this group live in ponds, other areas where human and domestic wastes are treated, also acidic

They reproduce through binary fission.

Examples of Archaebacteria:

Methanogens

Are organisms that live in swamps, rice fields, lakes and marshes under anaerobic conditions.

They are also found in the gut of herbivores , humans, and dead decaying matter

They are strictly anaerobic organisms and are killed when exposed to oxygen.

They reduce CO2 using H2 and release methane in swamp, marshes and other areas. The methane the produce is used as biogas.

Examples of Archaebacteria:

Halophiles

Are organisms that survive in an environment with high salt concentration.

They are also found in the Great Salt Lake, Dead Sea, and highly saline waters.

Many species of halophiles contain red/pink pigmens known as carotenoids.

They form colonies of bacteria, which can be as mush as 100 bacteria per milimeter.

Examples of Archaebacteria:

Thermophiles

Are organisms that live in hot and acidic conditions.

They can survive in sulfur-rich environments, like hot springs and geysers of over 80° to 100°C.

They also inhabit small deep sea openings where hot water with temperatures higher

than 250°C come out.

The turn hydrogen sulfide (H2S)released from these openings to food for other organisms.

And in turn are provided essential nutients by the former

Are unicellular and microscopic prokaryotes. Like archaebacteria, they are also heterotrophs and some are autotrophs.

Unlike archaebacteria, their cell walls are made of peptidoglycan (a carbohydrate and their chemical structure is different.

They are found almost everywhere. They cause diseases but they also play an important role to humans, animals and the environment (e.g. Bioremediation, in food and medicine production, decomposition of matter, etc…

They are classified according to their shape. Also known as the true bacteria group.

Like Archaebacteria, they reproduce through binary fission.

Basic Shapes of Bacteria:

Cocci can be used to describe any bacterium that has a spherical shape

Bacilli can be used to describe any bacterium that has a rode-like shape

Spirilla

refers to a bacterium with a cell body that twists like a spiral.

Are eukaryotic, multicellular, colonial or unicellular organisms

Is called the “Odds and Ends” Kingdom due to the differences of each member

Some members have cell walls made of cellulose (like plants)

In terms of method in obtaining energy, protists are classified into three groups:

Some protists are autotrophs while some are heterotrophs

Phototrophs

Heterotrophs

Sporozoan

When protists undergo asexual reproduction, they go through binary fission.

When protists undergo sexual reproduction, they go through conjugation (or mitosis).

Some members have chloroplasts. Thus can undergo photosynthesis.

Three Groups of Protists:

Phototrophs

Are able to produce their own food.

Examples:

Algae

Dinoflagellates

Three Groups of Protists:

Heterotrophs Feed on other organisms. This group is also divided into a

Examples:

Protozoa

group with no permanent part for movement, those with cilia and those with limited movement

Three Groups of Protists:

Sporozoan Feed on other organisms but are nonmotile and form spores, like

Examples:

Slime Mold

fungi

Members are Eukaryotic, heterotrophic and multicellular sometimes unicellular

They commonly thrive on decaying matter while some on dark and humid places, only few live in fresh water.

They have cell walls made of chitin and they produce asexually through spores.

Fungi also reproduce sexually when male and female hyphae join together.

They can be a source or ingredient in food and medicine production.

Some members are harmful to other organisms

Fungi are involved in the decomposition of organic materials

They are all non-vascular and typically non-motile, although a few (e.g. Chytrids) have a motile phase.

Some are parasites while some feed on dead matter (saprophytes)

Structure of Mushrooms:

Structure of Bread Mold:

Are autotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes that have chloroplasts

Their cell walls are made of cellulose and they are one of the main organisms in sustaining life (e.g. providing food, medicine, oxygen,

shelter, bioremediation, conversion of harmful gases and elements, etc…)

They feed almost all heterotrophs on Earth.

They are a diverse group. Some bear fruit, some are hermful, some have flowers, some have spores, etc….

Plants consist of two big groups: Vascular and Nonvascular

Nonvascular Plants

Plants which lack vascular tissues in their bodies to transport water and food. They are called Thallophytes

Examples:

Vascular PlantsPlants which have vascular tissues (Xylem and Phloem) in their bodies to transport water and food. They are called Tracheophytes.

Examples:

Ferns

Hibiscus

They are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes

Some members get nourishment from other animals while some eat plants and protists.

They have no cell walls. But they have cells in movement though some species are nonmotile

They also have cells that transmit messages throughout their body.

They reproduce either sexually or asexually. Some are born from eggs while some are born alive

They are a diverse group and are classified into two major groups: Vertebrates and Invertebrates

Invertebrates:

Invertebrates are animals without a backbone and an internal skeleton.

Examples:

Starfish Shrimp

Vertebrates:

Vertebrates are animals with a backbone and an internal skeleton.

Examples:

Dog

Hamster

That’s all!!!

Members:

Quote 4 today: “Someone’s smile is made up from one person’s smile”

-OSTER PROJECT-