Post on 05-Apr-2018
transcript
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PRESENTATIONON
COAL
GROUP 3
Rajesh Paladugu
Rishi Agarwal
Roma Goyal
Sagar Rath
Sandeep Thawani
Sherly BobanSaumay Jain
Varun Singh
Vidhi Raj
Vikram Singh
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Pricing
Global Scenario
Government policies
Environmental effects
Introduction
Future aspects
COAL
IndianScenarioChallenges
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Coal is a fossil fuel and is the altered remains of prehistoric
vegetation that originally accumulated in swamps and peat
bogs.
The industrial Revolution in coal:
1700
1800 A.DJames watt invented steam engine.
18001900 A.D
Industrial revolution
1900
2000 A.DCoal as major source of energy
2000 Onwards
Coal as secondary source of energy
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WHERE IS COAL FOUND?
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Mining
Types of Mining
Underground Mining
Surface Mining
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Classification of coal
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Pricing of coal depends on
Amount of heat it is capable of producing(Minimum12,000 btu/lb)
Amount of moisture(Maximum 10.00%),
ash(Maximum 13.50%,), sulfur(Maximum 1.00%, ),carbon and volatile matter(Minimum 30.00%)
Convenience of handling and Difficulty of burningthe fuel
Transportation
Weather disruptions
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Type Carbon content Heat content1000BTU/ShortTon
Price$/ton
Peat 11% 20
Lignite 38% 4000-8300 50
Bituminous 65% 10500-14000 86
Anthracite 96% 15500 120
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Price fluctuation in coal (5 years)
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Trading in coal
Volatility in coal market
Short hedging Long hedging
Advantages and disadvantages of trading
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WORLD SCENARIO
About 40% of the world's electricity comes from coal
Big Sixcontrols worlds coal production
China, India, Australia and South Africa together control over 93%of the worlds hard coal reserves
The USA described as the Saudi-Arabia of coal
Over 1971-2005, the share of OECD countries in world coal output
has declined
World coal consumption was about 6,743,786,000 short tons in2006 and is expected to increase 48% to 9.98 billion short tons by2030.
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Indian Scenario
Coal at any cost continues to be the investment strategy today.
Sustained growth in the sector by 20% pa since 1970s
Coal consumption to increase by 8% pa by 2026-27
60% of thermal coal is imported from Indonesia for use inPower Sector
95% of total coal production is by state & Central owned miningcompanies
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Industrial dependence
72
13
5
10
Electricity generation
cement & steel
fertilizer
others
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Why coal is king in India?
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Coal India Limited
Worlds largest coal producer
85% of Indias coal production
8 Subsidiaries
Deregulation of prices in coal after 1996
Low price of coal a major competitive advantage
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Government Policies
Coal mining was nationalized in the early 70s
Acts passed in the years 1973 and 1993
COAL INDIA (REGULATION OF TRANSFERS ANDVALIDATION) Act, 2000
Amendment to the Coal Mines (Nationalization ) Act, 1973to promote non-captive mining of coal.
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Laws and Regulations Applicable toCoal Mining
Acoustics (Noise)Air Quality Cultural Resources Hazardous Materials & Waste Management Health & Safety Land Use Paleontological Resources
Soils & Geological ResourcesVisual ResourcesWater Quality
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India finalises dual coal policy under newlaw
The Indian government has finalised a draft miningand mineral law which proposed the adoption of adual policy for coal mining under which coal blocks
would be auctioned off to steel and power companies
in the private sector, but it would continue with thecurrent policy of reserving coal blocks forgovernment-owned or government-controlledcompanies.
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Identify the Challenges- Class Brainstorming
Mining Process Market
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Coal & Challenges
Challenges
Environmental: CarbonCapture &
storage, Coalseam, etc
Employee:
Health &skill set
Legal &social:
IllegalMining ,Maoist,
Deforestation,etc.
Demand andSupply gap:
Risk inImport?
Cost &Pricing
changes
Coal vs.other fuels
Technology
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Clean Coal Technologies
Super critical Coal Power Plants: Saves Coal. China implementedin 2007. Efficiency upto 42%. Normal power plant World avg 35 %.CO2 reduction by 2.7% .
IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle):
Coal is gasified before combustion. Efficiency increase upto 50- 56%.Reduction of 33% nitrous , So2 75% , 30-40 % less water.
Disadvantage : Cost increases by 10-20%.
Carbon Capture and storage :
Co2 is capture and stored under ground with pressure. According to
IPCC, Reduces 80-90% CO2 emission. 99% of stored gas remainspreserve for over 100 years. Energy consumptions increase by 24-40 %.
Disadvantages: Underground Location, Technology & Cost.
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Coal +Oxidizer Coal Gas + Syngas(H2+CO)
Two methods:1. Direct Blowing2. Reversed Blowing
2. LIQUIFICATION:
It utilize Fischer- Tropsch Reactor.
Lurgi Gassification.
It convert Coal into a high carbon liquid.
The resulting fuel can be substituted for gasoline.
It releases lot of carbon.
1. GASSIFICATION:
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Future prospects of coal
Drastic increase in the demand of coal consumption
Competition to coal from other sources of energy likenatural gas
Moving toward clean coal technology. Importance of newer technologies in coal.
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7 Predictions For the Future of Coal
Store Carbon In Concrete
Regulate Coal Ash
Truly Clean Coal
India Will Lead Innovation China Will Lead Consumption
Indonesia's Coal Boom
Go Nuclear!
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Conclusion
Coal is getting more attention because of the fluctuation in prices of oiland natural gas.
There is more coal than that of oil and gas reserves world wideReserves to Production (R/P) ratio ofcoal is 150 years, oil is 60 years.
A 500 MW coal fired power plant produces three million tons/year ofCO2
Only thing we need to do is to use coal in environmentalfriendly way(clean coal technologies)