Coal on Final

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PRESENTATIONON

COAL

GROUP 3

Rajesh Paladugu

Rishi Agarwal

Roma Goyal

Sagar Rath

Sandeep Thawani

Sherly BobanSaumay Jain

Varun Singh

Vidhi Raj

Vikram Singh


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Pricing

Global Scenario

Government policies

Environmental effects

Introduction

Future aspects

COAL

IndianScenarioChallenges


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Coal is a fossil fuel and is the altered remains of prehistoric

vegetation that originally accumulated in swamps and peat

bogs.

The industrial Revolution in coal:

1700

1800 A.DJames watt invented steam engine.

18001900 A.D

Industrial revolution

1900

2000 A.DCoal as major source of energy

2000 Onwards

Coal as secondary source of energy


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WHERE IS COAL FOUND?


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Mining

Types of Mining

Underground Mining

Surface Mining


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Classification of coal


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Pricing of coal depends on

Amount of heat it is capable of producing(Minimum12,000 btu/lb)

Amount of moisture(Maximum 10.00%),

ash(Maximum 13.50%,), sulfur(Maximum 1.00%, ),carbon and volatile matter(Minimum 30.00%)

Convenience of handling and Difficulty of burningthe fuel

Transportation

Weather disruptions


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Type Carbon content Heat content1000BTU/ShortTon

Price$/ton

Peat 11% 20

Lignite 38% 4000-8300 50

Bituminous 65% 10500-14000 86

Anthracite 96% 15500 120


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Price fluctuation in coal (5 years)


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Trading in coal

Volatility in coal market

Short hedging Long hedging

Advantages and disadvantages of trading


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WORLD SCENARIO

About 40% of the world's electricity comes from coal

Big Sixcontrols worlds coal production

China, India, Australia and South Africa together control over 93%of the worlds hard coal reserves

The USA described as the Saudi-Arabia of coal

Over 1971-2005, the share of OECD countries in world coal output

has declined

World coal consumption was about 6,743,786,000 short tons in2006 and is expected to increase 48% to 9.98 billion short tons by2030.


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Indian Scenario

Coal at any cost continues to be the investment strategy today.

Sustained growth in the sector by 20% pa since 1970s

Coal consumption to increase by 8% pa by 2026-27

60% of thermal coal is imported from Indonesia for use inPower Sector

95% of total coal production is by state & Central owned miningcompanies


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Industrial dependence

72

13

5

10

Electricity generation

cement & steel

fertilizer

others


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Why coal is king in India?


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Coal India Limited

Worlds largest coal producer

85% of Indias coal production

8 Subsidiaries

Deregulation of prices in coal after 1996

Low price of coal a major competitive advantage


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Government Policies

Coal mining was nationalized in the early 70s

Acts passed in the years 1973 and 1993

COAL INDIA (REGULATION OF TRANSFERS ANDVALIDATION) Act, 2000

Amendment to the Coal Mines (Nationalization ) Act, 1973to promote non-captive mining of coal.


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Laws and Regulations Applicable toCoal Mining

Acoustics (Noise)Air Quality Cultural Resources Hazardous Materials & Waste Management Health & Safety Land Use Paleontological Resources

Soils & Geological ResourcesVisual ResourcesWater Quality


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India finalises dual coal policy under newlaw

The Indian government has finalised a draft miningand mineral law which proposed the adoption of adual policy for coal mining under which coal blocks

would be auctioned off to steel and power companies

in the private sector, but it would continue with thecurrent policy of reserving coal blocks forgovernment-owned or government-controlledcompanies.


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Identify the Challenges- Class Brainstorming

Mining Process Market


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Coal & Challenges

Challenges

Environmental: CarbonCapture &

storage, Coalseam, etc

Employee:

Health &skill set

Legal &social:

IllegalMining ,Maoist,

Deforestation,etc.

Demand andSupply gap:

Risk inImport?

Cost &Pricing

changes

Coal vs.other fuels

Technology


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Clean Coal Technologies

Super critical Coal Power Plants: Saves Coal. China implementedin 2007. Efficiency upto 42%. Normal power plant World avg 35 %.CO2 reduction by 2.7% .

IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle):

Coal is gasified before combustion. Efficiency increase upto 50- 56%.Reduction of 33% nitrous , So2 75% , 30-40 % less water.

Disadvantage : Cost increases by 10-20%.

Carbon Capture and storage :

Co2 is capture and stored under ground with pressure. According to

IPCC, Reduces 80-90% CO2 emission. 99% of stored gas remainspreserve for over 100 years. Energy consumptions increase by 24-40 %.

Disadvantages: Underground Location, Technology & Cost.


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Coal +Oxidizer Coal Gas + Syngas(H2+CO)

Two methods:1. Direct Blowing2. Reversed Blowing

2. LIQUIFICATION:

It utilize Fischer- Tropsch Reactor.

Lurgi Gassification.

It convert Coal into a high carbon liquid.

The resulting fuel can be substituted for gasoline.

It releases lot of carbon.

1. GASSIFICATION:


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Future prospects of coal

Drastic increase in the demand of coal consumption

Competition to coal from other sources of energy likenatural gas

Moving toward clean coal technology. Importance of newer technologies in coal.


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7 Predictions For the Future of Coal

Store Carbon In Concrete

Regulate Coal Ash

Truly Clean Coal

India Will Lead Innovation China Will Lead Consumption

Indonesia's Coal Boom

Go Nuclear!


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Conclusion

Coal is getting more attention because of the fluctuation in prices of oiland natural gas.

There is more coal than that of oil and gas reserves world wideReserves to Production (R/P) ratio ofcoal is 150 years, oil is 60 years.

A 500 MW coal fired power plant produces three million tons/year ofCO2

Only thing we need to do is to use coal in environmentalfriendly way(clean coal technologies)

Date post:	05-Apr-2018
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Coal on Final

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