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COLOMBIACOLOMBIA
Kolumbien - Colombie - ColmbiaKolumbien - Colombie - Colmbia
Geographical Location
Historical Background
National Symbols
Natural Regions
Colombian Food
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Colombia North of the SouthColombia North of the South
Colombia, the Golden Gate
of South America, is
surrounded by the Atlantic
and Pacific oceans. Crossed
in two sections by the
Equator, the north denotes
the end of the Andes
Mountains, while the south
is the beginning of the
Amazon basin. One of the
richest countries in
biological diversity, it ishome to the largest number
of species of birds,
butterflies and orchids, as
well as the tallest palm trees
and the largest bird in the
world, the Andean Condor.
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Population: 42 million
Area: 1,141,748 sq.kms. (446,000 sq.mi.)Currency: Peso
Independence Day: July 20
Government: Democratic Republic
Official Language: Spanish
Religion: 95% of the population is Roman Catholic
President2002-2006: Alvaro Uribe
Republic of ColombiaRepublic of Colombia
Honoring the discoverer of America,Cristoforo Colombo (Christopher Columbus)
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Patriotic SymbolsPatriotic Symbols
The yellow (twice the size of the blue and red) symbolizes
Colombia's wealth and resources.
The bluerepresents the two oceans and the many rivers thatirrigate our territory.
The redis a tribute to the blood shed by our patriots who
fought against Spain and gave Colombia its independence on
July 20, 1810.
National Anthem
Music Oreste Sindice
Lyrics Rafael Nuez
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National SymbolsNational Symbols
National Tree: Wax Palms
Ceroxylon quinduiense
National Flower: Orchid
Cattleya trianae
National Bird: Andean Condor
Vultur grypus
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Historical BackgroundHistorical BackgroundPre-Columbian cultures existed in scattered pockets in the Andean region and
on the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. Among the most outstanding were the
Tayrona, Sin, Muisca, Quimbaya, Tierradentro and San Agustn. Many of the
tribes produced accomplished goldwork and pottery, and some left behind
burial chambers and rock paintings which have helped anthropologists piece
together their cultures.Alonso de Ojeda, a companion of Christopher Columbus, landed on the Guajira
Peninsula in 1499. The wealth of the local Indians promulgated the myth of El
Dorado, and the shores of present-day Colombia became the target of numerous
expeditions. The Indians originally tolerated the arrival of the Spaniards but
rebelled when the colonists tried to enslave them and confiscate their lands. In
1544, the country was incorporated into the viceroyalty of Peru, where it
remained until 1739 when it became a part of New Granada (comprising the
territories of what are today Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama).
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EldoradoEldoradoThe Gilded One
'He went about all covered withpowdered gold, as casually as if itwere powdered salt. For itseemed to him that to wear anyother finery was less beautiful,and that to put on ornaments orarms made of gold worked byhammering, stamping, or by
other means, was a vulgar andcommon thing.'Gonzalo Fernndez de Oviedo,1535-48
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Simon Bolivar El LibertadorSimon Bolivar El LibertadorAlong with slavery, the Spanish
monopoly over commerce, taxes and
duty slowly gave rise to protest,
particularly towards the end of the 18th
century.
Simon Bolivar (1783-1830)
He was one of South America's
greatest generals. His victories over
the Spaniards won independence for
Bolivia, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador,
Peru, and Venezuela. He is calledEl
Libertador(The Liberator) and the
"George Washington of South
America."
It was during this period that the firststirrings of national autonomy occurred,
but it wasn't until 1819, and the
appearance of Venezuelan liberator
Simon Bolvar and his army, that
independence was achieved.
Ten years of uneasy confederation with
Venezuela and Ecuador followed in the
form of Gran Colombia, until regional
differences between the three finally
undermined the union
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Natural RegionsNatural Regions
Colombia is in the Equatorial zone, but the high Andes give it a varied terrain,
from humid jungles and tropical plains at sea level, to the pramo andperpetual snows. Geographers have devised different ways to divide Colombia
into regions. It is most appropriate to divide the country into five geographic
and natural regions:
Amazon Rainforest Region
Andean Highlands RegionCaribbean Lowlands Coastal Region.
Pacific Lowlands Coastal Region
Eastern Plains Region
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Andean HighlandsAndean Highlands
The Andes Mountains split in three
distinct, roughly parallel chains, called
cordilleras, that extend northeastward
almost to the Caribbean Sea. Altitudes
reach more than 5,700 meters, and
mountain peaks are permanentlycovered with snow.
Altitude controls not only the climate
but also the agriculture of a given area,
and production is amazingly varied. Inthe late 1980s, approximately 78 percent
of the country's population lived in the
Andean highlands.
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Products and CitiesProducts and Cities
Products:
Main crops: coffee, potatoes, wheat,
corn, fruits, vegetables and flowers.
Industry: leading sectors are
textiles, chemicals and intermediateconsumer goods.
Main cities:
Bogot D.C. (Capital District).
Other important cities are
Medellin, Cali and Bucaramanga.
Minerals: this region produces the
outstanding and worldwide
renowned Colombian emeralds.
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FolkloreFolklore
It seems that hardly a day goes by without
some kind of festival in some corner.
The Flowers Parade is a beautiful event
held in Medellin. The peasants or
silleteros elaborate their sillas withflowers of the region.
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Caribbean LowlandsCaribbean LowlandsThe Caribbean lowlands consist of all
of Colombia that is north of an
imaginary line extending
northeastward from the Gulf of Urab
(near the border with Panama) to the
Venezuelan border at the northern end
of the Cordillera Oriental.
In the northernmost part of the country,
the semiarid Guajira Peninsula,
stretches in the blue waters of the
Caribbean sea.
In the central part rises the Sierra Nevada
de Santa Marta, an isolated mountain
system with peaks reaching heights over
5,700 meters and slopes generally too
steep for cultivation.
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Cities and ProductsCities and Products
The region produces bananas, cotton andAfrican palm. Traditional and industrial
fisheries abound along the coast.
Cities like Cartagena de Indias, the mostfortified city in the Americas, and San
Andres island, are national and international
tourist destinations.
The largest marine salt complex of the
country is located in the Guajiras
white beaches. Not far from there, El
Cerrejon hosts the largest opencast
coal mine in the world.
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FolkloreFolklore
The most famous carnival
takes place each February in
Barranquilla.
A mix of legacies from native
Americans, African slaves andold Spanish conquerors
explodes in multicolor
expressions of joy and music.
The carnival lasts for four daysand ends on Ash Wednesdays
eve.
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Eastern Plains RegionEastern Plains RegionThe area east of the Andes includes
about 699,300 square kilometers, or
three-fifths of the country's total area.
The entire area, known as the eastern
plains is rich in oil, agriculture andcattle breeding.
The region is unbroken by highlands except
in Meta Department, where the Macarena
Sierra, an outlier of the Andes, is of interest
to scientists because its vegetation and
wildlife are believed to be reminiscent of
those that once existed throughout the Andes.
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Products and CitiesProducts and CitiesThe economy had
been based on
cattle-raising, but
oil reserves have
proved to be larger
and of better quality
than expected and
oil production has
now become a
major input for the
economy.
Among other farm
products, thisregion crops rice,
African palm,
tobacco, yam, and
ripe plantain.
The area east of the Andes includes about
699,300 square kilometers, or three-fifths,
of the country's total area. Although this
region is vast, the density of population is
low .
The main cities are Villavicencio, Arauca
and Yopal.
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FolkloreFolklore
Thejoropo andgaleron are the
typical dances of the Eastern
plains. The harp, the trebleclarinet, the maracas and the
four-string guitar are the
regular ensemble for an event in
the Llanos (plains)
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People and CulturePeople and Culture
The majority of the population of the
Pacific region is black and of an
indigenous tribe. Both of these ethnic
groups still conserve their traditions.
One of the main
attractions of this region
is Gorgona Island where,
during August andSeptember, the Yubartas
-hunchback whales-
visit its coast.
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Amazon RainforestAmazon Rainforest
Colombia shares a portion of the so-
called largest lung of the Earth. This
area has a very low population
density and access is only possible
by air or riding one of the many longrivers that cross it.
Inhabitants are mostly native tribes
that preserve their pre-discovery
traditions.Colombia is the second richest country in
biodiversity in the world, after Brazil.Colombia's herbariums have classified over
130,000 plants, including Victoria
Amazonica, which is similar to a water lily
and has leaves large and strong enough to
support a child.
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Andres Jaramillo Botero
Ca r l o s V i ve s
Juan MontoyaJuan Montoya
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Some Colombians Around the World
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Only in Colombia
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COLOMBIAN CUISINECOLOMBIAN CUISINE
The Taste of the TropicsThe Taste of the Tropics
BANDEJA PAISA
CAZUELA DE MARISCOS
MONDONGO
PIPITORIAAJIACO
MAMONA
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If you want to see the Caribbean,
go to Cuba or Dominican Republic;
If you want to see the Pacific Ocean,
go to Chile;
If you want to see The Andes,
go to Ecuador;
If you want to see The Amazon,
go to Brasil;
If you want to see the pre-columbian cultures,
go to Mxico or Per;
but if you want to see all these things together, your destination is
definitelyColombia.
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Credits
Viva Colombia Video CD. MinDesarrollo,Genoma Ltda. Colombia 2002.
http://www.yocreoencolombia.com/
http://www.themodernword.com/gabo/ http://www.wag.caltech.edu/home-pages/ajarami
http://www.geocities.com/colombia_botero/
http://www.americas-fr.com/musique/cartes/carl
2003 C. Giraldo, A. Calixto and M. Rodriguez - ColombianStudentsAssociation
http://www.yocreoencolombia.com/http://www.themodernword.com/gabo/http://www.wag.caltech.edu/home-pages/ajaramil/http://www.geocities.com/colombia_botero/http://www.americas-fr.com/musique/cartes/carlos-vives.html/http://www.americas-fr.com/musique/cartes/carlos-vives.html/http://www.geocities.com/colombia_botero/http://www.wag.caltech.edu/home-pages/ajaramil/http://www.themodernword.com/gabo/http://www.yocreoencolombia.com/8/3/2019 Colombia Fast Facts
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For more information visit or
e-mail us at:http://stuact.tamu.edu/stuorgs/csa/
colombia@stuact.tamu.edu
http://stuact.tamu.edu/stuorgs/csa/http://stuact.tamu.edu/stuorgs/csa/