Common Life CharacteristicsBiology : “the study of life”

-their relationships to theirenvironment

-their relationships to each other

-organisms

Organism: an individual capableof carrying out life processes (re-production, energy use, synthesis)Ex: ants, trees, humans, bacteria

Community: a naturally occurringgroup of interacting organismsin a certain defined area.

Colony: a homogeneous group of organisms within a community.

Ex: Forest community, coral reefcommunity, desert community

Examples:- a bee hive within a forest-a school of fish within the coral reef community-an ant hill -a colony of penguins in the Antarctic

Community

Colonies

Food/Energy Relationships

-The energy is used for life functions, such as repair, growth,reproduction, and movement.

-Energy is obtained in the form of food.

-All organisms need a constant supply of energy to live.

Organisms that produce their ownfood are called PRODUCERS orAUTOTROPHS.

-Producers are all forms of green plants, from algae to trees.

-Producers capture sunlight energyand convert it into food.

Producers use the process ofPHOTOSYNTHESIS to capturethe suns energy.

WaterCarbon Dioxide

+Suns energy =Sugar and Oxygen

-Consumers depend directly orindirectly on Producers for all of their food.

-Consumers utilize the energy in the food that they obtain.

Organisms that need to obtain their food are called CONSUMERS orHETEROTROPHS.

Types of Consumers

-animals that eat both plants and meat are called OMNIVORES

-animals that eat only meat arecalled CARNIVORES

-animals that eat only plants are called HERBIVORES

Animals that hunt other animals arecalled PREDATORS.

Organisms that take their food from a dead host or its waste are SAPROPHYTES or DECOMPOSERS.

Organisms that take their food from a living HOST are called PARASITES.

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration (it’s a cycle)

Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

Oxygen and Sugar

Carbon Dioxide and Water

Uses of Energy

Review:What are some life functions?

Sugar is “burned” via cellularrespiration, to release energyneeded for various life functionsthat need it.

The “fuel” for all life is made byproducers, in the form of sugar.

1)Growth and Development

Growth is the increase in the amount of living material in an organism.

Ex: a plant growing new leaves a baby growing larger

Development is a series of changes that an organism goes through as it matures. Ex: seed sprout plant

newborn adolescent adult

Growth and Development often occur at the same time, and are extremely interrelated. Ex: growth of a plant is Coordinated with its development into a mature individual.

Growth and Development can alsooccur individually, and not be related. Ex: aging of human being not necessarily tied to more growth.

Growth Development

Use this diagram to list things that are common to both, or are unique to each.

2) Homeostasis-the steady state of internal operation regardless of externalchanges.Ex: Mammal body temperature

water content of organismsheart ratedisease resistance

3) Reproduction-the process where organisms makenew copies of themselves. Reproduction takes 2 main forms:

a) Sexual reproduction: the combination of sex cells from amale and a female to form a newindividual (combining genes).

b) Asexual reproduction: the reproduction of an individual without genetic recombinationbetween individuals.Ex: Cloning, budding of plantsBacterial fission

SexualReproduction

AsexualReproduction

Use this diagram to list things that are common to both, or are unique to each.