COMMUNICATION AND INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

P.JEYANTHIM.Sc(N) I Year

Apollo CON

TERMINOLOGY• Active listening• Assertiveness• Autonomy• Channel• Empathy• Environment• Feedback• Interpersonal communication• Message• Meta communication

• Nonverbal communication• Perceptual bias• Public communication• Receiver• Referent• Sender• Small group communication• Sympathy• Therapeutic communication

DEFINITION

“Communication is a process by which two or more people exchange ideas, facts, feelings, or impressions in ways, that each gains a common understanding of meaning, intent and use of a message.”

-PAUL LEAGENS

“Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons.”

-NEWMAN AND SUMMER

PURPOSES1. It is not logically contradictory.2. Should be expressed in terms of human

behaviour.3. Should be specific enough for us to be able to

relate it to actual communication behaviour.4. Should be consistent with the ways in which

people do communicate.

OBJECTIVESAwareness of informationAction informationContinuing informationUpdating information

FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION• Knowledge management• Decision making• Coordinating work activities• Fulfils relatedness needs• Information• Education• Motivation• Instructions• Raising morale• Advice• warning

PRINCIPLES• Know your audience• Know your purpose• Know your topic• Anticipate objectives• Present a round picture• Achieve credibility with your audience• Follow through on what you say• Communicate little at a time• Present information in several ways• Develop a practical, useful way to get feedback• Use multiple communication technique• Communication is complex

PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION• SENDER --> MESSAGE --> VISUAL / ORAL / WRITTEN -->RECIPIENT

Setting Channel

Sender-Receive

r

Sender-ReceiverNoise

Setting Channel

Message-Feedback

Message-Feedback

Interference

Where

Response to each other

Ideas and feelings

People

Elements of Communication• Sender-Receivers

– the people• Messages

– ideas and feelings to be shared• Symbols ( something that stands for something else)

– verbal, concrete, abstract, nonverbal• Channels

– the route traveled by a message– sound and sight (listen and look at each other)– the media (radio, records, television, newspapers, magazines)

• Feedback– the response

• Noise– the interference

• Setting– Where the communication occurs

CHANNELS

•Visual•Auditory•Tactile

FEEDBACK

It’s the information that sender receiver about the receiver reaction to the message.

Communication is reciprocal in both sender and receiver must be involved

Types of communication

Based on• means of delivering the message• purposes of communication• the levels of communication• the patterns of communication

BASED ONMEANS OF DELIVERING THE MESSAGE

• Verbal–Spoken–Written–Tele–Electronic

• Non verbal– Touch– Eye contact– Facial expression– Posture– Gait– Gesture– Physical appearance– Sound– Silence

BASED ON PURPOSES OF COMMUNICATION

• Formal • Informal• Therapeutic

BASED ON LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION

• Interpersonal communication• Intrapersonal communication• Transpersonal communication• Small group communication• Public communication

BASED ON THE PATTERNS OF COMMUNICATION

• One-way communication• Two- way communication• One-to- many communication• many-to-one communication

OTHER TYPES• Inter disciplinary communication• Therapeutic communicationInter disciplinary communicationHealth care team consists of the client and all

medical personal involved in providing care Its important that all health care team members

communicating each other regarding assessment, intervention, outcomes and client status.

Therapeutic communication Its use of communication for the purpose of

creating a beneficial outcome for the client. It facilitate the establishment of nurse client

relationship and fulfill the purpose of the nursing, Its purposeful and goal oriented as well defined

boundaries Client focus Non judgmental Its uses well planned and selected techniques

MODES OF COMMUNICATION

It occurs in a variety of ways through words, action or combination of words and action, they are

verbal messageNon verbal messageFacial expression verbal messageIt is communicated through words and language

either spoken or writtenVerbal messages are accompanied through

paraverbal [paralinguistic ] cues

FACILITATIVE COMMUNICATION

• Positive attitude about communication • Improving communication skill• Evaluate communication skill• Goal oriented communication• Approach communication as a creative

process• Accept the reality of miscommunication.

Others…..

• Clarity• Completeness• Conciseness• Concreteness• Correctness• Consideration

BARRIERS OF

COMMUNICATION

Physiological

Environmental

Psychological

Social

Cultural

Semantic

OrganizationalCommunication process

related

Barriers to therapeutic communication

• Language barriers • Cultural difference

TECHNIQUE OF EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

Conversational skill

Listening skill

Technical skill

EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNICATION

• Related to timing• Related to choice of channel• Related to message structure• Related to delivery• Related to mode

INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

DYNAMICS OF IPR

Dyad

Group Triad

PURPOSES

• For individual• For nurses• For patients

TYPES

• Friendship• Family• Marriage• Professional relationship• Love• Brotherhood and sisterhood• Acquaintance

PHASES

• ORIENTATION• IDENTIFICATION• EXPLOITATION• RESOLOTION

BARRIERS

• PERSONAL• SITUATIONAL• SOCIOCULTURAL

JOHARI WINDOW

A MODEL of self awareness , personal development, group development and understanding relationship

JOHARI WINDOW• The Johari Window model was developed by

American psychologists Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in the 1950's

• Interestingly, Luft and Ingham called their Johari Window model 'Johari' after combining their first names, Joe and Harry.

In early publications the word actually appears as 'JoHari'

JOHARI WINDOW – 4 REGIONS• Open Area -what is known by the person about

him/herself and is also known by others - open self, free area, free self, or 'the arena'

• Blind Area - what is unknown by the person about him/herself but which others know - blind area, blind self, or 'blind spot'

• Hidden Area - what the person knows about him/herself that others do not know - hidden area, hidden self, avoided area, avoided self or 'facade'

• Unknown Area -what is unknown by the person about him/herself and is also unknown by others - unknown area or unknown self

Questions.…