Comp 107chp 1

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Subject Name Code Credit HoursFUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE & PROGRAMMING

COMP 107 FUNDAMENTAL COMPUTER PRINCIPLE &

PROGRAMMING

ByD.Balaganesh

Overview Of Computer

D.Balaganesh LINCOLN UNIVERSITY COLLGE

Data Hardware Software ResultProcess

Using Given

Definition of Computer

• A computer is an electronic device.• It can accept data (input), manipulate

(process), and produce information(output).

General Operations

• Computers can perform four general operations, which comprise the information processing cycle:

1. Input.2. Process.3. Output.4. Storage.

Data and Information

• All computer processing requires data,• Data is a collection of raw facts, figures and

symbols, such as numbers, words, images, video and sound, given to the computer during the input phase.

• Computers manipulate data to create information.

• Information is data that is organized, meaningful, and useful.

• During the output phase, the information that has been created is put into some form, such as a printed report.

Computer Characteristics

• High speed.• Accuracy.• Reliability.• Mass storage of information. • Communication with other computers

through network like internet.

COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

Primary Components of a computer

• Input devices.• Central Processing Unit.• Memory.• Output devices.• Storage devices.

Input devices

• Mouse.• Keyboard.• Touch pad.• Pointing stick.• Scanner.

CPU (Central Processing Unit )

• Interprets instructions to the computer, performs the logical and arithmetic processing operations, and cause the input and output operations to occur.

• Performs all the calculations within the computer.

• CPU speed measured in MHz.

Memory:

• RAM:Random Access Memory.Temporary memory.Electronic components that store data including

numbers, letters, graphics and sound.Information stored is lost when the computer is

turned off.Measured in Mbytes, i.e 512 Mbytes

Memory

• ROM:Read Only Memory.Permanent memory.Chip that has start-up directions for your

computer.

Unit of Information

• BytesOne character takes up about one Byte.One byte is equal to eight bits.Bits means binary digit.

1 Bit = 0 or 1 8 Bits = 1 Bytes

1024 Bytes = 1 KB1024 KB = 1 MB1024 MB = 1 GB1024 GB = 1 TB

Output Devices

• Computer screen.• Printer.• Speaker.

Storage Devices

• Floppy Disks• Compact Disks (CD)• Hard Disk• Digital versatile Disk (DVD)• Flash Disk

Comparing Types of Memory Storage Devices

• Sometimes storage is a trade off between speed, capacity, price and reliability.

Hardware and Software

• Hardware: The term hardware refers to the physical

components of you computer such as the computer screen, mouse, keyboard etc…

• Software: Computer software is the key to productive

use of computers.

Types of Software

Software

• The computer hardware on its own has no intelligence and therefore must be supplied with instructions to perform any task.

• Software or programs, consist of step-by-step instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task.

• Software is divided into two main categories: – system software and – application software.

Types of Software

•Operating System Software.•Application Software.

Operating System Software

• It is a program that controls the computer and enables it to run application software.

• It allows the computer to manage its internal resources.

• The software runs the basic computer operations – it tells the hardware what to do, how to do it, and when to do it.

Operating System Software

• Examples of Operating system software:

Windows XP Windows Vista

Application Software

Consists of programs that tell a computer how to produce information.

Some of the more commonly used packages are:

Word processing. Electronic spreadsheet.

Presentation.

• This is software that help the user carry out specific task such as word-processing, spreadsheet, databases and presentation software.

• Application fall under two styles– Tailor-made: software designed for the particular

customer.– Off-the-shelf: for use by the general public

• MS Word ( Word Processing ): Word Processing software is used to create and print

documents• Spreadsheet ( MS Excel )Electronic spreadsheet software allows the user to add,

subtract, and perform user-defined calculations on rows and columns of numbers. These numbers can be changed and the spreadsheet quickly recalculates the new results.

MS Powerpoint ( Presentation)

• MS Powerpoint allows the user to create documents called slides to be used in making the presentation.

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