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CORNELL A&S + AAP / MELLON SEMOINAR / SPRING 2016 ARCH 6308 / SHUM 6308 / ROMS 6682
BRUNO BOSTEELS + TAO DUFOUR
Forest Cartographies
Mapping Amazonian Urbanities and the Politics of Nature
Urbanismo Rural: Satellite image of the Altamira project in the Amazon basin showing the fishbone pattern of urbanization/deforestation along the Trans-Amazonian Highway based on the 1970s state plan of ‘rural urbanism’.
Later, little by little, they disband and disperse. Following the current, which straightens out from the meanders, they go in single file, or one by one at random, processionally, to the river below, descending, descending, ever descending.
Euclides da Cunha, ‘Entre os serigais’ Instructors: Bruno Bosteels bosteels@cornell.edu Tao DuFour dufour@cornell.edu Meeting times: Thursdays, 2:30pm – 4:25pm Class location: East Sibley Hall, Room 142
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II. Course Aims and Objectives
This seminar explores the relationship between the economies of emerging cities and the urbanization of fundamental historical
ecologies. The seminar focuses on the geographical context of the Brazilian Amazon and the conditions of its urbanization,
occasionally in dialogue with ongoing political processes in neighboring Bolivia. The urbanization that is characteristic of the Amazon
rainforest is an extraordinarily complex phenomenon. It involves dimensions extending from the pole of industrial resource extraction
and the resultant formation of advanced capitalist economies in the heart of the forest, to the fragile continuity of the traditions of
indigenous societies whose economic structures and spatial environments are experienced as fundamentally intertwined with ritual
and mythic horizons. Uniquely, global and local interests converge within an ecological territory of extraordinary biotic, historical and
cultural differentiation. Through a process of mapping geographical, morphological and ecological transformations of urban and
corresponding hinterland environments over time, students will develop a geo-spatial understanding of the nature of the formation
of territorial frontiers that extend beyond the physical limits of cities. These frontiers emerge as a function of purely urban economic
and political interests. Underlying this geo-spatial territorial expansion and, to a more limited extent contraction of urban generated
frontiers is an ontology, whose manifestation is in the form of a political economy. In order to interrogate this urban driven form of
spatial and territorial expansion in the Amazon, the seminar will inquire into the political economies that motivate it, and thus the
orienting ontology, specifically, the ontological assumptions about the meaning and significance of the natural world. In so far as the
rainforest remains the habitus of indigenous societies, the seminar will in contrast explore their ontologies, specifically, their manifest
conceptions of human/non-human relations that take the form of spatial practices and technologically mediated appropriations of
the environment.
Anthropologists have proposed that Amerindian understandings and technological manipulations of the natural world have
historically contributed to the enrichment, rather than effacing, of biotic diversity, to the extent that the very constitution of large
areas of rainforest are anthropogenic. In proposing a theoretical framework of ontological plurality, the seminar aims to explore the
possibility for an engagement between modern economic conceptions and technological transformations of the space of ‘nature’ –
conceived ontologically as inanimate and determined by relations of empirical causality, thus able to serve as pure resource – and
Amerindian understandings and technical practices through which the spatiality of the natural world is understood as essentially
animated. By considering ontological plurality at the level of spatial practices and technologies, the seminar aims to explore the
possibility of complementarity between the global industrial economic tendency toward urbanization and ‘modernizing’, and the
local, traditional orientation toward ‘ecologizing’ as the basis for an imagined political economy that is at the same time a politics of
ecology.
III. Format and Procedures:
The seminar will be organized in a series of clusters with an interdisciplinary focus combining elements of architecture, ethnography,
anthropology, cartography, political economy, and political philosophy. Clusters include theories of urbanization; nature/culture and
human/nonhuman dualisms and critique; life-world and intentionality; commune, community, and state; primitive accumulation and
neoextractivism; geophilosophy and cognitive mapping; human ecology and the Anthropocene.
IV. Assumptions
Since this is an experimental graduate seminar that uses the topic of urbanization as a vehicle to question broader topics of a
theoretical and philosophical nature, we expect students to research on their own the issues that they want to investigate in the
framework provided in the different course clusters. Since this course brings together humanities, architecture and art, we also
assume and expect that the students will engage with a variety of disciplinary perspectives beyond their individual specialties and
comfort zones.
V. Course Requirements:
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1. Class attendance and participation policy: attendance and participation is expected of all students at all times
2. Course readings:
(a) Required readings: as per course schedule for each week
(b) Internet resources:
http://www.usgs.gov/
http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
http://infoamazonia.org/datasets
http://www.inpe.br/ingles/
http://raisg.socioambiental.org/
3. This is a 4 credit course.
4. Additional requirements:
(a) Equipment needed for course (and estimated expenses): As per student project proposals. ArcGIS software is
available through Cornell AAP IT Services. Students should also acquire photographic equipment and possible film/video equipment
to document conditions of interest during the field trip.
(b) Expected travel for course (and expected expenses not covered by Dept.): see your respective department
administrators for details about the fieldtrip planning and costs.
VI. Grading Procedures:
(a) Attendance and active participation in class discussions: 40%
(b) Final project, which can be a mapping project, film or photographic essay, research paper, or other, to be discussed in advance
with the instructors: 60%
For details of Cornell University grading criteria see: http://theuniversityfaculty.cornell.edu/pdfs/CUgrading.pdf
VII. Academic Integrity
Each student in this course is expected to abide by the Cornell University Code of Academic Integrity.
http://cuinfo.cornell.edu/Academic/AIC.html
Any work submitted by a student in this course for academic credit will be the student's own work, except in the cases of projects
that are specifically structured as group endeavors.
You are encouraged to study together and to discuss information and concepts covered in lecture and the sections with other
students. You can give "consulting" help to or receive "consulting" help from such students.
However, this permissible cooperation should never involve one student having possession of a copy of all or part of work done by
someone else, in the form of an e mail, an e mail attachment file, a diskette, or a hard copy.
Should copying occur, both the student who copied work from another student and the student who gave material to be copied
will both automatically receive a zero for the assignment. Penalty for violation of this Code can also be extended to include failure
of the course and University disciplinary action.
During examinations, you must do your own work. Talking or discussion is not permitted during the examinations, nor may you
compare papers, copy from others, or collaborate in any way. Any collaborative behavior during the examinations will result in
failure of the exam, and may lead to failure of the course and University disciplinary action.
VIII. Accommodations for students with disabilities
In compliance with the Cornell University policy and equal access laws, I am available to discuss appropriate academic
accommodations that may be required for students with disabilities. Requests for academic accommodations are to be made
during the first three weeks of the semester, except for unusual circumstances, so arrangements can be made. Students are
encouraged to register with Student Disability Services to verify their eligibility for appropriate accommodations.
IX. Tentative Course Schedule (May change to accommodate guest presenters & student needs):
Week 1 1/28
BB + TD
Introduction to the course: topic, themes, technique
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Film clip: Werner Herzog, Fitzcarraldo (1982).
Reading: Shelton H. Davis. ‘Brazil – Multinational Corporations and the Amazon Mining Frontier’ in Shelton H. Davis and
Robert Mathews, The Geological Imperative (Cambridge, Mass.: Anthropology Resource Center, 1976), pp.25-49.
Susana B. Hecht, ‘A Short Prelude: From Os Sertões to As Selvas’ and ‘Maps, Texts, and History’, in The Scramble for
the Amazon and the Lost Paradise of Euclides da Cunha (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2013), pp.3-14
and pp.347-379.
Paulo Tavares, ‘The Geological Imperative: On the Political Ecology of the Amazon’s Deep History’, in Etienne
Turpin, ed., Architecture in the Anthropocene: Encounters Among Design, Deep Time, Science and Philosophy
(Michigan: Open Humanities Press, 2013), pp.209-239.
Week 2 2/4
TD
Theme: Toward a philosophical interpretation of ‘historical ecology’.
Reading: William Balée, ‘Time, Complexity, and Historical Ecology’ in William Balée and Clark Erickson, eds., Time and
Complexity in Historical Ecology: Studies in the New Tropical Lowlands (New York: Columbia University Press,
2006), pp.1-17.
William Balée and Anne Gély, ‘Managed Forest Succession in Amazonia: The Ka’apor Case’ in Resource
Management in Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies, Advances in Economic Botany Vol.7: 129-158, 1989.
Anna Roosevelt, ‘Resource Management in Amazonia before the Conquest: Beyond Ethnographic Projection’ in
Resource Management in Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies, Advances in Economic Botany Vol.7: 30-62,
1989
Dan Zahavi, ‘The Early Husserl: Logic, Epistemology, and Intentionality’ in Husserl’s Phenomenology (Stanford:
Stanford University Press, 2003), pp.7-42.
Dermot Moran, ‘Edmund Husserl’s Phenomenology of Habituality and Habitus’ in Journal of the British Society for
Phenomenology, 42:1: 55-77, 2011.
Week 3 2/11
BB
Theme: Marx and primitive accumulation.
Reading: Karl Marx, Grundrisse: Foundations of the Critique of Political Economy (Rough Drafts), trans. Martin Nicolaus
(London: Penguin, 1973), pp. 459-544.
Karl Marx, "So-Called Primitive Accumulation" (Chapters 26-33), in Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, vol. 1,
trans. Ben Fowkes (London: Penguin, 1976), pp. 871-940.
Kevin Anderson, "From the Grundrisse to Capital: Multilinear Themes," in and "Late Writings on Non-Western
Societies and Precapitalist Societies," in Marx at the Margins: On Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Non-Western Societies
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010), pp. 154-195.
Silvia Federici, "The Accumulation of Labor and the Degradation of Women," in Caliban and the Witch: Women, the
Body and Primitive Accumulation (New York: Autonomedia, 2004),pp. 61-132.
Week 4 2/18 [February Break 2/13 – 2/16]
Workshop on geographical information systems (GIS) and remote sensing software – ArcGIS / invited specialist.
Suggested
reading: Paulo Tavares, ‘Modern Frontiers: Beyond Brazilia, the Amazon’ In Latin American Modern Architectures:
Ambiguous Territories, ed. Patricio del Real, Patricio and Helen Gyger eds (London: Routledge, 2013) 191-212.
Paulo Tavares, ‘The Geological Imperative: On the Political Ecology of the Amazon’s Deep History’ In Marc Angélil
and Rainer Hehl eds., Empower! Essays on the Political Economy of Urban Form Vol.3, (Berlin: Ruby Press) pp.20-
59.
Susanna Hecht, ‘The Realm of Nature’ and ‘The Heritage of Fire’ in The Fate of the Forest: Developers, Destroyers,
and the Defenders of the Amazon. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1990) pp.16-37 and 38-62.
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Laura Kurgan, ‘Introduction’ and ‘Lexicon’ in Close-up at a Distance: Mapping, Technology and Politics (New York,
Zone Books, 2013) pp.9-36 and 37-54.
Denis Cosgrove, ‘Liminal Geometry and Elemental Landscape: Construction and Representation’ in James Corner
ed., Recovering Landscape: Essays in Contemporary Landscape Architecture (New York: Princeton Architectural
Press, 1999) pp.102-119.
Week 5 2/25
Student preliminary presentations.
Week 6 3/3
TD
Theme: Epistemology and the constitution of ‘the savage mind’.
Reading: Claude Lévi-Strauss, ‘The Science of the Concrete’ in The Savage Mind (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press),
pp.1-33.
Eduardo Kohn, ‘The Living Thought’ in How Forests Think: Toward an Anthropology Beyond the Human (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 2013), pp.71-100.
Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, ‘Images of Savage Thought’ in Cannibal Metaphysics, trans. Peter Skafish (Minneapolis:
Univocal, 2014), pp.77-93.
Valentin Y. Mudimbe, ‘The Patience of Philosophy’ in The Invention of Africa: Gnosis, Philosophy, and the Order of
Knowledge (Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press), pp.135-186.
Paul Clastres, ‘Copernicus and the Savages’ in Society Against The State, trans. Robert Hurley and Abe Stein (New
York: Urzone Inc, 1978), pp.7-26.
Week 7 [Field trip to Amazonas 3/4 – 3/13]
Week 8 3/17
TD
Theme: Ontology and the phenomenology of ‘wild being’.
Reading: Maurice Merleau-Ponty, ‘The Intertwining – The Chiasm’ and ‘Preobjective Being: The Solipsist World’ in The
Visible and the Invisible, ed. Claude Lefort, trans. Alphonso Lingis (Evanston, Illonis: Northwestern University Press),
pp.130-155 and pp.156-162.
Renaud Barbaras, ‘The Flesh: The Visible and the Invisible’ in The Being of Phenomenon: Merleau-Ponty’s Ontology,
trans. Ted Toadvine and Leonard Lawlor (Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2004), pp.153-173.
Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, ‘The Metaphysics of Predation’ in Cannibal Metaphysics, trans. Peter Skafish
(Minneapolis: Univocal, 2014), pp.139-149.
Philippe Descola, ‘The Schemas of Practice’ and ‘Relations with Self and Relations with Others’ in Beyond Culture
and Nature, trans. Janet Lloyd (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2013), pp.91-111 and pp.112-125.
Week 9 3/24
BB
Theme: Commons, commune, community
Reading: Karl Marx, "The Civil War in France," in Political Writings, vol. 3, The First International and After, ed. David
Fernbach (London: Penguin, 1974), pp.187-268.
Karl Marx-Vera Zasulich, "Marx-Zasulich Correspondence," in Late Marx and the Russian Road, ed. Teodor Shanin
(London: Monthly Review Press, 1983), pp. 97-126.
Kevin Anderson, "Late Writings on Non-Western Societies and Precapitalist Societies," in Marx at the Margins: On
Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Non-Western Societies (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2010), pp. 196-236.
Jean-Luc Nancy, "The Inoperative Community," in The Inoperative Community, ed. Peter Connor (Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota Press, 1991), pp. 1-42.
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Raquel Gutiérrez-Aguilar, "Beyond the 'Capacity to Veto': Reflections from Latin America on the Production and
Reproduction of the Common," The South Atlantic Quarterly 113:2 (Spring 2014): 259-270.
Week 10 [Spring Break 3/26 – 4/3]
Week 11 4/7
BB
Theme: Geopolitics and extractivism in the Amazon
Readings: Álvaro García Linera, Geopolítica de la Amazonía: Poder hacendal-patrimonial y acumulación capitalista (La Paz:
Vicepresidencia del Estado, 2012). English translation as Geopolitics of the Amazon: Landed-Hereditary Power and
Capitalist Accumulation, trans. Richard Fidler (climateandcapitalism.com).
Maristella Svampa, "Resource Extractivism and Alternatives: Latin American Perspectives on Development," in
Beyond Development: Alternative Visions from Latin America, ed. Miriam Lang and Dunia Mokrani (Quito:
Fundación Rosa Luxemburg; Amsterdam: Transnational Institute, 2013). p. 117-143.
Henry Veltmeyer and James Petras, "Theses on Extractive Imperialism and the Post-Neoliberal State," in The New
Extractivism: A Post-Neoliberal Development Model or Imperialism of the Twenty-First Century (London: Zed Books,
2014), pp. 222-249.
Week 12 4/14
TD
Theme: The concept of ‘perspective’ in the constitution of the ‘natural world’.
Reading: Dalibor Vesely, ‘The Perspectival Transformation of the Medieval World’ in Architecture in the Age of Divided
Representation (Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2004), pp.110-173.
Klaus Held, ‘Husserl’s Phenomenology of the Life-World’ in The New Husserl: A Critical Reader, ed. Donn Welton
(Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2003), pp.32-62.
Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, ‘Perspectivism’ and ‘Multinaturalism’ in Cannibal Metaphysics, trans. Peter Skafish
(Minneapolis: Univocal, 2014), pp.49-75.
Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, ‘The Anti-Narcissus’ in From the Enemy’s Point of View (Chicago: The University of
Chicago Press, 1992), pp.273-305.
Week 13 4/21
BB
Theme: Cognitive mapping, geography and geophilosophy
Reading: Michel Foucault, "Questions on Geography," in Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews & Other Writings. Ed. Colin
Gordon (New York: Pantheon, 1980), pp. 63-77.
Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, " Geophilosophy," in What Is Philosophy? trans. Hugh Tomlinson and Graham
Burchell (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994), pp. 85-113.
Fredric Jameson, "Cognitive Mapping," in Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, ed. Cary Nelson and
Lawrence Grossberg (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988), pp. 347-60.
Weeks 14-15 4/28 and 5/5
Presentations Guest discussants t.b.c.
X. Additional Resource Readings
Balée, William and Anne Gély. 1989. ‘Managed Forest Succession in Amazonia: The Ka’apor Case.’ In Resource Management in
Amazonia: Indigenous and Folk Strategies, Advances in Economic Botany Vol.7: 129-158.
Balée, William and Erickson, Clark L., eds. 2006. Time and Complexity in Historical Ecology: Studies in the Neotropical Lowlands.
New York: Columbia University Press.
Balée, William, ed. 1998 Advances in Historical Ecology. New York: Columbia University Press.
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-----. 2013. Cultural Forests of the Amazon: A Historical Ecology of People and Their Landscapes. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: The
University of Alabama Press.
Benjamin, Walter. 1999. The Arcades Project, trans. Howard Eiland and Kevin McLaughlin. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard
University Press.
Bosteels, Bruno. ‘A Misreading of Maps: The Politics of Cartography in Marxism and Poststructuralism.’ In Signs of Change:
Premodern, Modern, Postmodern, ed. Stephen Barker. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996. 109-138.
___. 2011. The Actuality of Communism. London: Verso.
___. 2016. Philosophies of Defeat: The Jargon of Finitude. London: Verso.
Browder, John O. and Brian J. Godfrey. 1997. Rainforest Cities: Urbanization, Development, and Globalization of the Brazilian
Amazon. New York: Columbia University Press.
Carr, David. 1974. Phenomenology and the Problem of History: A Study of Husserl’s Transcendental Philosophy. Evanston:
Northwestern University Press.
Clastres, Paul. 1987. Society Against The State: Essays in Political Anthropology, trans. Robert Hurley and Abe Stein. New
York: Urzone Inc.
Cronon, William, ed. 1996. Uncommon Ground: Rethinking the Human Place in Nature. New York: Norton.
Davis, Shelton H. and Robert O. Mathews. 1976. The Geological Imperative. Cambridge, Mass.: Anthropology Resource Center.
Derrida, Jacques. 1989. Edmund Husserl’s Origin of Geometry: An Introduction, trans. John P. Leavey. Lincoln: University of Nebraska
Press.
___. 1997. Of Grammatology, trans. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Descola, Philippe and Gísli Pálsson eds. 1996. Nature and Society: Anthropological Perspectives. London: Routledge.
Descola, Philippe. 1996. In the Society of Nature: A Native Ecology in Amazonia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-----. 2013. Beyond Nature and Culture, trans. Janet Lloyd. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
-----. 2013. The Ecology of Others, trans. Geneviève Godbout and Benjamin P. Luley. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press.
Despres, Leo A. 1991. Manaus: Social Life and Work in Brazil’s Free Trade Zone. Albany, NY: State University of New York
Press.
Drayton, Richard. 2000. Nature’s Government: Science, Imperial Britain, and the ‘Improvement’ of the World. New Haven: Yale
University Press.
DuFour, Tao. 2012. ‘The Sense of Architecture in Husserlian Phenomenology: The Example of a Candomblé-Caboclo Ritual
of Tupinikim’. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Architecture, Cambridge University, 2012.
Elden, Stuart. 2013. The Birth of Territory. The University of Chicago Press.
Esch, Elizabeth. 2011. ‘Whitened and Enlightened: The Ford Motor Company and Racial Engineering in the Brazilian Amazon.’
In Oliver J. Dinius and Angela Vergara, eds., Company Towns in the Americas: Landscape, Power, and Working-Class
Communities, 91-110. Athens, Georgia: The University of Georgia Press.
Foucault, Michel. 1977. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books.
-----. 2004. The Birth of Biopolitics: Lectures at the Collège de France 1978-1979, ed. Michel Senellart, trans. Graham Buchell.
New York: Picador.
García Linera, Álvaro. 2014. Plebeian Power: Collective Action and Indigenous, Working-Class and Popular Identities in
Bolivia, trans. Shana Yael Shubs, Ruth Felder, Carlos Velásquez Carrillo, Mariana Ortega Breña, Bécquer Medak and
Bruno Bosteels. Amsterdam: Brill.
Goulding, Michael, Ronaldo Barthem and Efrem Ferreira. 2003, 2010. The Smithsonian Atlas of the Amazon. Washington:
Smithsonian Books.
Grandin, Greg. 2009. Fordlandia: The Rise and Fall of Henry Ford’s Forgotten Jungle City. New York: Picador.
Harley, J. B. and David Woodward. 1987. The History of Cartography. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Heckenberger, Michael J. 2005. The Ecology of Power: Culture, Place, and Personhood in the Southern Amazon, A.D. 1000-
2000. New York: Routledge.
Holston, James. 1989. The Modernist City: An Anthropological Critique of Brasilia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hecht, Susana B. 2013. The Scramble for the Amazon and the Lost Paradise of Euclides da Cunha. Chicago: The University of
Chicago Press.
Hecht, Susana B and Alexander Cockburn. 1990. The Fate of the Forest: Developers, Destroyers, and the Defenders of the
Amazon. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
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Ingold, Tim. 2000. The Perception of the Environment: Essays on Livelihood, Dwelling and Skill. London: Routledge.
Latour, Bruno and Woolgar, Steve. 1986. Laboratory Life: The Construction of Scientific Facts, imtro. Jonas Salk. Princeton:
Princeton University Press.
Latour, Bruno. 1993. We Have Never Been Modern, trans. Catherine Porter. Cambridge Mass.: Harvard University Press.
-----. 2004. The Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy, trans. Catherine Porter. Cambridge Mass.:
Harvard University Press.
-----. 2005. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
-----. 2013. An Inquiry into Modes of Existence: An Anthropology of the Moderns, trans. Catherine Porter. Cambridge Mass.:
Harvard University Press.
Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1983. The Raw and the Cooked: Mythologiques Volume One, trans. John and Doreen Weightman.
Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
-----. 1996. The Savage Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lynch, Kevin. 1960. The Image of the City. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
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Moran, Dermot. 2011. ‘Edmund Husserl’s Phenomenology of Habituality and Habitus’ in Journal of the British Society for
Phenomenology, 42:1: 55-77.
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. 2003. Nature: Course Notes from the Collège de France, compiled and with notes by Dominique Séglard,
trans. Robert Vallier. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
Monmonier, Mark, ed. 2015. The History of Cartography Vol 6: Cartography in the Twentieth Century. Chicago: The University of
Chicago Press.
Mudimbe, Valentin. 1988. The Invention of Africa: Gnosis, Philosophy and the Order of Knowledge. Bloomington: Indiana
University Press.
Sader, Emir. 2011. The New Mole: Paths of the Latin American Left, trans. Iain Bruce. London: Verso.
Tavares, Paulo. 2013. ‘Modern Frontiers: Beyond Brazilia, the Amazon.’ In Latin American Modern Architectures: Ambiguous
Territories, ed. Patricio del Real, Patricio and Helen Gyger eds, 191-212. London: Routledge.
-----. 2013. ‘The Geological Imperative: On the Political Ecology of the Amazon’s Deep History.’ In Etienne Turpin, ed.,
Architecture in the Anthropocene: Encounters Among Design, Deep Time, Science and Philosophy, 209-239.
Michigan: Open Humanities Press.
Read, Jason. 2003. The Micro-Politics of Capital: Marx and the Prehistory of the Present. Albany: State University of New York
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Ricoeur, Paul. 2006. Memory, History, Forgetting, trans. Kathleen and David Pellauer. Chicago: The University of Chicago
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Ross, Kristin. 2015. Communal Luxury: The Political Imaginary of the Paris Commune. London: Verso.
Schmink, Marianne and Charles H. Wood. 1992. Contested Frontiers in Amazonia. New York: Columbia University Press.
Tible, Jean. 2014. Marx selvagem. São Paulo: Annablume.
Vergara-Camus, Leandro. 2014. Land and Freedom: The MST, the Zapatistas and Peasant Alternatives to Neoliberalism.
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Vesely, Dalibor. 2004. Architecture in the Age of Divided Representation: The Question of Creativity on the Shadow of
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Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo. 1992. From the Enemy’s Point of View: Humanity and Divinity in an Amazonian Society, trans.
Catherine V. Howard. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
-----. 2009. Cannibal Metaphysics, ed. and trans. Peter Skafish. Minneapolis: Univocal Publishing.
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