Post on 21-Jan-2016
transcript
Cultural Conformity & Adaptation
Chapter 3
There are no values that are central to the American way of life. True: The population of the U.S. is extremely
diverse and the variety of values Americans hold reflect this diversity
False: Values such as freedom, liberty, and democracy, are fundamental to America’s government, and as a result are central to the American way of life
Truth or Fiction
The only reason people comply with the norms of society is to avoid being punished. True: Without laws and the threat of
punishment for breaking them, people would do whatever they desired .
False: People also conform to society norms to be accepted and liked, gain friends, and achieve positive results, such as success or awards.
Truth or Fiction
Cultures change at the same rate and for the same reasons. True: Although the world’s cultures may vary a
great deal, they are all changing continuously and for the same basic reasons, such as advances in technology.
False: The diversity of cultures and cultural values in the world illustrates that cultures change at different rates for different reasons.
Truth or Fiction
1. Temperance: eat not to dullness; drink not to elevation.
2. Silence: speak not but what may benefit others or yourself.
3. Order: let all your things have their places… 4. Resolution: resolve to perform what you
ought; perform without fail what you resolve 5. Frugality: make no expense but to do good to
other or yourself; i.e., waste nothing
Ben Franklin’s Virtues
6. Industry: lose no time; be always employ’d in something useful; cut off all unnecessary action.
7. Sincerity: use no hurtful deceit; think innocently and justly….
8. Justice: wrong none by doing injuries… 9. Moderation: avoid extremes; forebear
resenting injuries, so much as you think they deserve
10. Cleanliness: tolerate no uncleanliness
Ben Franklin’s Virtues
What do you think some of America’s core values are based on the Bill of Rights and Franklins virtues?
American Core Values?
Personal Achievement Surprise? America built on this idea and competition Evident in areas of employment Achievement often measured in power and
wealth Good or bad?
Traditional American Valuesby Robin M. Williams
Individualism Individual effort is key to personal
achievement Hard work and initiative = success Person is to blame if they don’t have success
Traditional American Values
Work Regardless of rewards involved, Americans
value it Discipline, dedication, and hard work = virtue Those who don’t are lazy or even immoral
Traditional American Values
Morality and Humanitarianism America founded on religious faith, belief in
justice, and equality Charity toward less fortunate Place high value on morality, view things right
from wrong Quick to help those who are less fortunate
Traditional American Values
Efficiency and Practicality Americans are practical and inventive people Every problem has a solution Find the most efficient technique for dealing
with a situation Determine the most practical response to issue
at hand
Traditional American Values
Progress and Material Comfort Americans have always looked to the future
with optimism Hard work and determination will lead to
improved living standards Belief in the ability of science and technology
to make the world better and more comfortable
High value of material comfort
Traditional American Values
Equality and Democracy U.S. founded on the principle of human
equality. “We hold these truths to be self evident, that all men are created equal.”
Human equality=equal opportunity and chance at success
Not everyone will have equal success. Democracy
Traditional American Values
Freedom Personal freedoms (name some…think
Constitution) Try and protect these from government
interference in daily lives and business
Traditional American Values
Name some other values we have no discussed
Values are vital to a stable society Values can also lead to conflict
Not everyone agrees on what are acceptable American vales Individuals don’t always uphold all values the
same
Traditional American Values
Values are like all aspects of society…they change Some disappear, some new ones emerge
New American values? Leisure time, physical fitness, and youthfulness
Self-fulfillment: commitment to the full development of one’s personality, talents, and potential
This can be seen as narcissism: extreme self-centeredness
Our Changing Values
Some sociologists saw danger in focusing on the self Weakens the est. values of hard work and
moderation Some saw it as a beneficial change, moving
away from satisfaction based on material gain
1990’s Caring for the environment 2000’s caring less
Our Changing Values
9 groups of 4 GROUP 1: Jazmin, Tia, Gabby, Alex GROUP 2: Keke, Daniel, Isis, David GROUP 3: Iman, Ellis, John, Kency GROUP 4: Catherine, Christian, Christina, Kemric GROUP 5: Asia, Ruvi, Megan, Giselle GROUP 6: Olivia, Ashley, Dazmen, Precious GROUP 7: Dakisha, Giordana, Kelli, Marcelo GROUP 8: Dillan, Antwanesha, Angel, Shavon GROUP 9: Nelson, Sylvia, Evelina, Lametrius
Group Up!
GROUP 1: PERSONAL ACHIEVMENT GROUP 2: INDIVIDUALISM GROUP 3: WORK GROUP 4: MORALITY AND HUMANITARIANISM GROUP 5: EFFICIENCY AND PRACTICALLITY GROUP 6: PROGRESS AND MATERIAL COMFORT GROUP 7: EQUALITY AND DEMOCRACY GROUP 8: FREEDOM GROUP 9: LIESURE AND FITNESS
Group Up!
You are to artistically demonstrate the American value you have been assigned
BE CREATIVE! EACH member WILL contribute or your grade
will suffer (I will be floating) Use the entire space given
Draw Some Knowledge On Me
Remember norms? What do norms reflect? Cultural values society deems important
For a functional society, norms must be upheld
Norms are enforced two ways: Internalization and Sanctions
Section 2. Social Control
When a norm is believed to be good, useful, or appropriate…what do we expect?
Internalization: the way norms become part of our personality, conforming us to society’s expectations Cover your face when you sneeze or cough Having manners, “please” “thank you”
Internalization of Norms
Not everyone follows norms without conscious thought
Not everyone internalizes societies norms…some people must be motivated
Sanctions: are rewards or punishments used to enforce conformity to norms
Four types of sanctions
Sanctions
Sanctions
An action that rewards a particular kind of behavior is a positive sanction Usually taught positive sanctions at an early
age… Give me some examples of positive
sanctions Parental praise for good behaviors Teachers remarks for good work or answers Employers give pay raises to dedicated/hard
workers Fans cheering for a great play
Positive Sanctions
A punishment or threat of punishment used to enforce conformity is a negative sanction Threat is usually enough to force
conformity Name some negative sanctions
“NO PARKING ZONE” “TOW AWAY ZONE” “NO LOITERING”
Negative Sanctions
If rewards or punishments aren’t regular or don’t follow a particular behavior…what happens? Become meaningless and they lose their
power Formal sanctions: reward or
punishment given by a formal organization or agency School, business, or government Positive formal sanction? Negative formal
sanction?
Formal Sanctions
Formal sanctions play a major role in maintaining social stability
But the majority of norms are forced through…
Informal sanctions: spontaneous expression of approval given by an individual or group Positive: standing O’s, compliments,
smiles, gifts Negative: gossip, frowns, insults,
ridicule
Informal Sanctions
The enforcing of norms through either internal or external means is called social control
Various agents of social control perform external enforcement through sanctions Police, courts, religion, family, public opinion
No society can survive long without an efficient system of social control
Social Control
Some cultures change faster than others The more culture traits, the faster change is
possible The automobile:
Changed transportation Employment Shopping Housing Leisure
Section 3. Social Change
Society is interrelated parts (says who?) Changes in society produce change throughout
Same for values and beliefs Ideology: beliefs or ideas that justify the
social, moral, religious, political, or economic interest held by a group or society Often spread through social movement: long
term effort to promote social change Examples?
Sources of Social Change: 6 Factors Values and Beliefs
Log onto a computer www.scoop.it Search: sociology, 3rd square down on left
(CCW Sociology- Social Movements) 3rd square down on the right: “Kony 2012
and the 5 craziest social movement in recent history”
Interwebs
Read through the 6 slides about the “5 craziest social movements in recent history”
Pick 1 movement, describe when at what it was/is, explain how social media helped, explain how this prompted social change, and lastly your opinion if you think it is/was/will have an impact on culture
CITE AND QUOTE EVERYTHING OR ITS PLAGARISM
Interwebs
Knowledge and tools used to manipulate the environment is also known as technology Technologies arise through discovery and
invention Discovery: new uses for existing elements or
understand thing in new ways Inventions: using existing knowledge to
create something new
Technology
Population brings changes to culture Immigrants bringing traditions, food, language
Affects economic demands for goods and services Affects how many jobs are available
Can create housing, food, & energy crises
Population
Diffusion: spreading culture traits from one society to another is called Mass transportation and communication Material culture/technology quicker than
ideas/beliefs Reformulation: adapting borrowed
cultural traits Diffusion is a 2 way street
Diffusion
How can the physical environment affect culture? Some cultures rely on their land to plant crops
Some cultures import their foods The scarcity or intro. Of new foods can bring
cultural change How can a natural disaster change culture?
Building practices, preemptive measures, etc? Change in supply of natural resources can change
culture as well…how?
Physical Environment
How does a war affect a culture? Rapid change in short time Replacing destroyed cities Producing war materials Advances in technology and medicine
Morphine, cell phones, radar, GPS
Wars and Conquest
Change almost always comes with opposition Interpersonal and Societal level
After time many accept the new ideas Others may never accept it, but adapt
Examples of societal change? Women in the workforce Gay marriage Pro choice
Resistance to Change
Using Africa, Americas, Asia, and Europe as categories, name the traits mentioned in the article according to their origin. How have Native Americans and immigrant
groups influenced American Culture? What can we conclude about the extent of
cultural diffusion that has taken place in the U.S.?
Think About It
Some traits change rapidly, and the transformation of others may take considerable time, this is time is cultural lag Material culture changes faster than
nonmaterial School system: summer break
Cultural Lag
If we are comfortable do we like change? Imperfection is better than an unknown future
Vested interest is protecting or promoting whatever is to our own personal advantage
Oil crisis 1970…current?
Vested Interest