Culture-Inspired approach for designing sustainable practice

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A study of sustainable bathing practice for the Living Lab project

A Culture-Inspired Approach to Gaining Insights for

Designing Sustainable Practice

Noriko Matsuhashi (Sudo)

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1. Background

2. Research questions and approach

3. Research phase 1

4. Research phase 2

5. Conclusions

Contents

Key words:• Cross-cultural research, • Design method, • Eco-Design, • Product Development, • Sustainability, • Household routines

Presenter
Presentation Notes
--------- cross-cultural research, eco-design, design methods, household routines, product development, sustainability, user-centered design

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1.Background

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Practice oriented co-design approach

Aim: Generate insights on less resource-intensive everyday practices

D

Shorten the time for shower

Take shower less frequently

Different kinds of insights can help participants to generate ideas with radical innovations

Difficult for participants to let go of common practice

Shower culture

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How to obtain different kinds of insights?

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Looking at everyday practicein different cultures

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Information about everyday practice in different culture can be a source of inspiration to generate insights on possible less resource-intensive practices.

+ inspiration from different cu

lturesCulture-Inspired Approach

Practice-oriented Co-design

D

Shower culture

Assumption

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2.Research questions and approach

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Questions

1.What kinds of information about the everyday practice can play a role in insight and design idea generation?

2.What kinds of insights and ideas are generated by the information about the everyday practice in multiple cultures?

3.How to collect the information about the everyday practice from multiple cultures?

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1.What kinds of information about the everyday practice can play a role in insight and design idea generation?

2.What kinds of insights and ideas are generated by the information about the everyday practice in multiple cultures?

3.How to collect the information about the everyday practice from multiple cultures?

Questions

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Approach

ConclusionsPhase 1

Information collection

Phase 2

Insight and idea generation

Qualitative research:

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Study topic

Bathing practice

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3.Research phase 1: Information collection

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Experimental culture survey

Target cultures (countries):The Netherlands, India and Japan

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Elements of bathing practice

Recording units:

Expectation Resource (water)

Action

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Cultural probes (self-observation tools)

Recording format:

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Results of the culture survey

• Participants: 3 Dutch, 2 Indian and 3 Japanese • Total 11 bathing experiences were collected

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6. Combination of shower, reservoir and bathtub

2. Bathtub only

5. Combination of shower and reservoir

4. Combination of shower and bathtub

3. Reservoir only1. Shower only

= 20 liters

Different ways of bathing and respective water consumption

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Different ways of doing single tasks

Task: Rinse soap off from the body

Shower (fixed)standing

get clean

reservoir Shower (by hand)standing & sitting

get clean get clean

sitting

4–8 liters 4–8 liters2-4 liters

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4.Research phase 2: Insight and idea generation

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Experimental insight and idea generation

Methods:

• Qualitative interpretation by researcher• Creative workshop with designers

Communication materials used in the creative workshop

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Results of insight and idea generation

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Participant designers of the creative workshop: 3 Dutch master-level students in TU Delft

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Directions to reduce the water use• Using a water reservoir

• Frequent turn on/off the running water

• Reuse the water used for adjusting the water temperature

New possible styles of bathing• Combination of standing posture and use of a water reservoir

60 ‐115 liters

20 liters

Insights on less resource-intensive practice

“Rinse soap off from the body”

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Ideas of less resource-intensive practice and products

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Technology-oriented

User behavior-oriented

Alternative practice-oriented

e.g. Computer-aided pinpoint shower

e.g. Clock-timer shower e.g. Bathing suit

Three types of ideas

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30%

15%

Looking at different styles of bathing can encourage designers to step out of their own rituals (shower)

50%

Technology-oriented

User behavior-oriented

Alternative practice-oriented

Three types of ideas

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5.Conclusions

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Insights:•Directions to reduce the use of resource•New possible styles of the practice

Research question:What kinds of insights and ideas are generated by the information about the everyday practice in multiple cultures?

Idea:Alternative practice-oriented

Bathing suit Standing

+

Reservoir

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Culture-inspired approach can…

Provide a wider variety of insights on possible styles of everyday practice than a mono cultural survey

Encourage participants to let go of their conventions and generate ideas with radical innovation that has higher resource-saving potential

D

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Thank you!

Noriko Matsuhashi (Sudo)

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Appendix

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Behavioralnorms

Values and Basic 

assumptions

Materials

Model of culture(Based on Moalosi, Popovic and Hickling-Hudson, 2007)

IMAGE

SKILL

STUFF

Model of everyday practice(Shove, after Scott, 2008 )

Recording unit

• As many details as possible• Breaking the bathing practice into many easy elements• Two basic models

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Answer to  

questions

Customize 

cultural probes

Work on cultural probes,take photos

Hand in answers

Send out a questionnaire

Send out 

cultural probes

Hand in cultural probes and photosFeedback interview

1 2

3

4 56

7

8

PR

PR

STEP 1Preparation

STEP 2Self-observation

R RP

P

P

Researcher

Participant

R

STEP 3Wrap-up and complement

Follow‐upInterviewCultural probe

(workbook & recording format)

Survey tools & techniques: PR

P

R

P

Feedback & follow up Interview

Preparatory

interview

Data analysis

Process of information collection

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Unique actions and respective expectations

Smell goodGet soft 

Relax 

appr. 80-160 liters

Soaking in a bathtub

Get soft

Relax 

Get warmRelax muscles

appr. 15-25 liters

Standing under the running water for a while

Brushing teeth under the running water

(without using it)

appr. 10-15 liters

Get warm

Feel 

betterGet 

clean

Get warmStimulate blood flowRelax muscles

Example of survey findings:

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Watch the 

introduction movie

Introduction movie 

Homework (workbook)

Personal cardset

1

2

STEP 1Preparation for the

workshop

STEP 2Workshop

(creative session)

homework 

D

D

3

Conclusions

D Designer

Presentation of the 

information 

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Idea generation round 2(products)

D

D

D

D

D

D

D

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Idea generation round 1(practices)

Communication tools:

D

D D

Present design assignments

STEP 3Focus group interview

ResearcherR

Questionnaire

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RD

D D

Fill in a questionnaire and interview

Ice break and 

introduction

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Idea evaluation 

and selection

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Unfinished storyboard 

Process of information communication

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PreparationHomework

FeedbackFocus group interview

Process and tools/techniques

STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

R

D

DD

Idea generationWorkshop

Cardsets

Storyboards

Introduction movie

Workbook

Based on “Guidelines for communicating rich experience

information to designers”Sleeswijk Visser (2009)

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Research question 1:

What kinds of information about the everyday practice can play a role in insight and design idea generation?

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Understanding the everyday practice of different cultures• Local context (climate, conditions of resource supply, economic and residence)

• Context of the everyday practice (timing, frequency, duration)

• Facilities and products • Procedure

Generating insights and design ideas• A variety of styles and their respective resource consumption • Actions and their respective resource consumption • Posture and product use• Body movement • Expectations for action with resource• Feelings and emotions during the action

Information that can play a role in…

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General context•Climate•Resource supply condition•Economic condition•Residential condition

Local life

Expectationaction with water use

Context •

Location •

Timing •

Frequency•

Duration (total)•

Style •

Social aspects

Expectation – Action link Action – Resource link

Expectation – Resource link

Resourcebathingeach action

Action•Procedure•Duration•Posture •Movement•Product •Feeling & 

Emotion

Bathing practice

Recording units for culture survey

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Research question 3:

How to collect the informationabout everyday practice from multiple cultures?

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The three step survey method with self-observation probes resulted in a rich source of data on the actions involved in the bathing practice from people in three countries. However….

Method used in this study

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R

Researcher

P P

P P P

P PP P

C

Contact person

Participants

• Finding participants and a contact person in unfamiliar countries• Handling of the differences in communication means

Challenges in the survey process

Face‐to‐face

Calling 

E‐mail

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• Reduction in the overall workload of participants • Definition of ‘single action’

Handling of the differences in means for recording resource use • Localization of distribution means and languages

Challenges in the survey tools

= duration of shower (min) x 8 liter

= number of mugs x 0.5 liter

Definition of single action can vary by participants

Difference in the way of measuring the amount of water

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Discussion

• A variety of different bathing practices may also be collected through survey in one culture by looking at different people or past

• What is the incentives to change practice? (when and why people have adopted new ways of doing practice in the past?)

• Small-scale experiment of insight and idea generation (depends on researcher and designers)

• Estimation of resource consumption of the new ideas (how to judge the idea is less resource-intensive than current practice)?

• Application of the approach to other everyday practices

• Ideas with radical innovations may be difficult to try out in context of co-designer’s own home

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Further directions

Validation of the effectiveness of culture-inspired approach• Conducting more experimental information collection and

insight/idea generation (mono vs multi culture, with info vs without info)

Method improvements• Process and tools for collecting information (on-line survey?) • Process and tools for communicating information with designers

Practical applications • Application to other everyday practices (different resource)• Incorporation into the practice-oriented co-design (scale and timing)