Deconstruction Architecture

transcript

ARCHITECTURE

Deconstruction

“When we deconstruct anything, we simply do not destroy, dissolve or cancel the legitimacy of what we will be constructing”.

-Jacques Derrida-

ABSTRACT

Then, what is the Deconstruction?

1• INTRODUCTION

2• PHILOSOPHY

3• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

4• DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

5• CRITIQUES

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION PHILOSOPHY HISTORICAL BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICS CRITIQUES

Basic Shape

Fragmentation

Transformation

Recombining

It is an architectural movement that began in the early 1980s. It is influenced by the theory of "Deconstruction". It is characterized by fragmentation, and interest in manipulating a structure's surface or

skin through transform the basic Volumes of architecture (Cube, Cuboid, Pyramid & sphere) in order to recombine it in a new hybrid shapes.

INTRODUCTION - What?

Deconstructivism rejected the postmodern acceptance of the historical references, as well as the idea of ornament as an after-thought or decoration.

INTRODUCTION - Why?

Modern

Postmodern

Deconstruction

Deconstructivism attempts to move away from the supposedly constricting 'rules' of modernism such as:

INTRODUCTION - Goals

Truth to materialsPurity of formform follows function

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Deconstructivism came to public notice with the 1982 Parc de la Villette architectural design competition.

(especially the entry from Jacques Derrida and Peter Eisenman and Bernard Tschumi's winning entry).

The Museum of Modern Art’s (MoMA) 1988 Deconstructivist Architecture exhibition in New York, organized by Philip Johnson and Mark Wigley.

Philip Johnson

Mark Wigley

and the 1989 opening of the Wexner Center for the Arts in Columbus, designed by Peter Eisenman.

The New York exhibition featured works by Frank Gehry, Daniel Libeskind, Rem Koolhaas, Peter Eisenman, Zaha Hadid, Coop Himmelb(l)au, and Bernard Tschumi.

Since the exhibition, some architects associated with Deconstructivism have distanced themselves from it.

Nonetheless, the term has stuck and has come to embrace a general trend within contemporary architecture.

PHILOSOPHY

Deconstruction is a literary theory and philosophy of language derived principally from Jacques Derrida's 1967 work Of Grammatology.

PHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND CHARACTERISTICS CRITIQUES

INTRODUCTION PHILOSOPHY

AnalyzeDescribe

the clearest explanation on Derrida’s thinking, which I also found to be notoriously difficult. it’s fundamental to Derrida’s extraordinary view of the world that nothing has much meaning anyway.

That’s why he struggles so hard not to communicate with us; he actually intends it to be difficult for us to find out what he says, if he has anything to say at all!

Many attempts to explain or to analyze Deconstruction have been violently rebutted on the grounds that such approaches violate the very nature of Deconstruction.

Its proponents insist that "it cannot be described and stated as other positions can" because it is a new form of logic that has superseded the old traditional logic in which such analyses are couched.

PHILOSOPHY

Subjects

1. Metaphysics 2. Clarity 3. Logocentrism 4. Meaning 5. Feelings 6. Binary Thinking 7. Phonocentrism 8. Palimpsest

Derrida tends to work not so much by initiating ideas as by reacting, forcibly, to what others have written already.

In each case Derrida aims to refute thinkers with arguments derived from the author’s own writings, to demonstrate -successfully in many cases- that the very premises on which the authors base their cases will, if pursued to their logical conclusions, defeat the original arguments.

Deconstruction, after all, is literally concerned -as Derrida insists- with written texts. His attacks are especially focused on subjects such as:

PHILOSOPHY

Metaphysics is the age-old search for “truth” and the “essence of being” that has been the center of occidental Philosophy. Derrida despises this search through the centuries

for the ultimate truth, for the reason of our existence & the idea that there should be some kind of "absolute knowledge", "prime mover" or "God".

PHILOSOPHY

1. Metaphysics

This is relevant to architecture in that, for Derrida, there is no "one best way", no "International Style", no roots from which all architecture has grown. So there are no received truths - Classical, Modernist or other.

PHILOSOPHY

Absolute knowledge

Absolutesin

Architecture

PHILOSOPHY

To "deconstruct" at all -program, form or structure- is to demonstrate one's view that there are no absolutes in architecture, that attempts, such as Heidegger's (in philosophy) or Le Corbusier’s, Wright’s and others (in architecture) to find such absolutes are doomed to failure.

Church of the year 2000, Rome by Eisenman.(Deconstruction itself rejects the existence

of God)

Clarity in Structuralist predecessors is to write simply, directly, clearly and unambiguously, Derrida is part of the Post-Structurlist movement

that strongly reacted against the clarity.

PHILOSOPHY

2. Clarity

PHILOSOPHY

Ambiguous

Diffuseincoherent Ambiguous

Struggle to Understand

Give up

Accept as it is

“It is my evident desire to insinuate my thoughts into your brain, and thus ‘colonize’ your mind! That is why they write deliberately in such an unclear, diffuse, incoherent and ambiguous way that will get you so angry that, in your struggle to understand, you will be forced into having your own thoughts.” -Broadbent-.

Deconstructivist architecture is ambiguous as a Deconstructivist text, whereas clarity is what we see when analyzing Modern architecture, simplicity in its structure, coherence in its programme.

PHILOSOPHY

Robert Venturi, an exponent of Post-Modernism, had demonstrated a parallel kind of thinking in architecture when in "Complexity and Contradiction" (1966) he attacked "Modernist transparency". Outside of a building should not be molded

according to its inside logic

Logocentrism: analyzing the structure of our language -in believe that language is what allows us to think- to unveil the structure of our thoughts and thus arrive at those "ultimate truths".

PHILOSOPHY

3. Logocentrism

Derrida despises Logocentrism and even rejects any relationship between a word and its meaning. That is why he uses words in any way he pleases, and makes it so difficult for us to understand him.

He wants words (and presumably buildings) to literally have no single meaning.

PHILOSOPHY

Word / Building

Single Meaning

He sees Deconstruction as our attempt to recover from the Tower of Babel! “The builders of the Tower sought political domination by imposing on the world their universal language and their universal architecture, exactly as Modern Architecture.

PHILOSOPHY

Tower of Babel

PHILOSOPHY

According to Derrida, our aim should not have been to find another "only absolute" view but to seek a diversity of views.” This is a view clearly contrary to that of Modernism.

Some architects took literally the notion of no single meaning and tried to create buildings with no meaning at all, organized according to pure geometric rules that

would convey no meaning.

Meaning: “Syntagmatic / Associative” ,“Signifier / Signified” Saussure, like many others before him, tended to think in pairs, or "binary oppositions".

PHILOSOPHY

4. Meaning

The denial of meaning from Derrida was taken by Deconstructivist architects and translated as an architecture of pure "syntax" without any "semantic" meaning.

PHILOSOPHY

Eisenman's aim when designing most of his early buildings was this, he used extremely pure, geometric "syntaxes" with no semantic references of the kind we loosely call "meaning".

Semantic architecture

Peter Eisenman says: "People have been concerned with relating themselves to their physical environment as a source of security. I believe that if the physical environment makes them anxious they might turn inward and the true source of security is internal. The physical environment can never provide that, it can provide physical comfort, shelter, but it can never provide psychological shelter."

PHILOSOPHY

5. Feelings

When it comes to Eisenman buildings, he creates a really disturbing spacing completely dislocated and every time you don't know where you are, or at what level you are, you never know.

PHILOSOPHY

For Heinrich Klotz, Deconstruction is "an indication of how we perceive our lives today and a good part of it is the uncertainty we feel".

Eisenman is concerned in causing an uncertainty in people

DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS

Deconstruction Style

Layering Angular Organic (Curvilinear) Chaos

DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS - Classification

PHILOSOPHY HISTORICAL BACKGROUND CRITIQUES

INTRODUCTIONCHARACTERISTICS

DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS - Common

No physically pure basic volume. Fragmented Mass. New Material (Metals, Glass, Concrete). Complicated Structure, and thus advanced structural systems. Relatively high Void percentage. Open Plan. Distinguishing from Context.

DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS - Layering

Definition: essentially based on fragmenting pure basic Volumes into vertical & horizontal Planes which create different layers.

Basic Shape

Notable Architects:

Richard Meier

Nationality: American.

Born: 1934.

Qualifications: BCS of Architecture

degree from Cornell University.

Lines: Straight parallel lines & Arch.

The Getty C

enter - California, U

Richard

5 Corners: Right Angle.

The Getty C

Richard

5 Appearance of Original Basic Volumes: Still visually.

The Getty C

Richard

5Articulation: through relation between layers & Masses.

The Getty C

Richard

5Openings: by Subtraction & Addition.

The Getty C

Richard

Burda Museum

, Baden-Baden, Germ

Richard

International Center for Possibility

Thinking - California, USA

Richard

House III - Connecticut, U

Rosenthal C

enter for

Contem

porary Art - O

hio, USA

Richard

Church of 2000 - Rom

e, Italy

Richard

DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS - Angular

Definition: essentially consists of complicated composition of hybrid volumes with Acute angles.

Basic Shape

Notable Architects:

Daniel Libeskind

Born: 1946.

Qualifications: BCS of Architecture

degree from University of Essex.

Lines: Almost Straight Non-parallel lines.

Daniel

Colorado, USA

5 Corners: Acute angles.

Daniel

Colorado, USA

5Appearance of Original Basic Volumes: Disappear.

Daniel

Colorado, USA

5Articulation: through relation between Masses.

Daniel

Colorado, USA

5Openings: Mainly by Subtraction .

Daniel

Colorado, USA

INTRODUCTIONCHARACTERISTICS Dan

ELL’EDILIZIA O

ALESSA

, Alessandria, Italy

Toronto, Canada

The Villa - Libeskind Signature

Series

eadquarters- Beijing,

The Deep A

quarium- H

ull, UK

DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS - Organic

Definition: essentially consists of complicated sculptured volumes with curvy lines.

Basic Shape

Notable Architects:

Dame Zaha Mohammad Hadid

Nationality: Iraqi-British.

Born: 1950.

Qualifications: BCS of Architecture degrees

from Architectural Association in London.

Lines: Curvy lines.

Heydar A

liyev Center- Baku,

Azerbaijan

5Corners: Almost No Corners but curves.

Heydar A

liyev Center- Baku,

Azerbaijan

5Appearance of Original Basic Volumes: Disappear.

5Articulation: sculpturing.

Heydar A

liyev Center- Baku,

Azerbaijan

5Openings: Mainly by Subtraction.

Heydar A

liyev Center- Baku,

Azerbaijan

Archite

Design M

useum H

olon- Holon,

Israel

Mix-use Building - Belgrade, Serbia

Interfaith Chapel Proposal -

Florida, USA

Archite

Dalian Planning M

useum - D

alian,

Galaxy Soho - Beijing, China

DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS - Chaos

Definition: essentially consists of complicated composition of hybrid volumes with wide variety of lines & angles.

Basic Shape

Notable Architects:

Frank Gehry

Nationality: Canadian-American.

Born: 1929.

from University of Southern California.

Lines: Both Straight & Curvy lines.

Guggenheim

Museum

- bilbao,

5Corners: Both Right &Acute angles & curves.

Guggenheim

Museum

- bilbao,

Guggenheim

Museum

- bilbao,

Appearance of Original Basic Volumes: Disappear.

5 Articulation: through relation between Masses.

Guggenheim

Museum

- bilbao,

5Openings: by Subtraction & Addition.

Guggenheim

Museum

- bilbao,

INTRODUCTIONCHARACTERISTICS Fr

Vitra D

esign Museum

and Factory-

Weil am

Rhein, Germ

The Lou Ruvo Brain Institute-

Nevada, U

Walt D

isney Concert H

all- Los

Angeles, U

o Milu

nić &

Walt D

isney Concert H

all- Prague,

The Hotel M

arques de Riscal-

Elciego, Spain

Other Notable Architects:

1. Peter Eisenman

Born: 1932.

Qualifications: Ph.D. of Architecture degrees

from the University of Cambridge.

2. Bernard Tschumi

Born: 1944.

from ETH in Zurich.

3. Wolf D. Prix (Coop Himmelblau)

Nationality: Austrian.

Born: 1942.

Qualifications: Ph.D. of Architecture degrees from

Southern California Institute of Architecture.

4. Helmut Swiczinsky (Coop Himmelblau)

Nationality: Polish.

Born: 1944.

Qualifications: BCS of Architecture degrees from

Architectural Association in London.

Notable Architects:

5. Rem Koolhaas

Nationality: Dutch.

Born: 1944.

from Architectural Association in London.

CRITIQUES

Certainly arrowheads directed to School of Architecture deconstruction is ready, and the most important principle of causality or function architecture, it is possible to find a column in the dining room unnecessarily, or find a weapon of iron and glass cutter roof of the building without a cause functional convincing except for the art form outside.

CRITIQUES

As well as the abandonment of the cultural heritage of civilization, it approaches disassembly abandon motifs and architectural elements and replace it with other elements sharp and vehicle and shocking to the eye.

CRITIQUES

Geometric movement calling for the demolition of all the bases Engineering Alakulaidsah.

CRITIQUES

Calls for the dismantling of facilities to the parts.

CRITIQUES

Difficult to understand for the general public.

CRITIQUES

work needs to be seen by reading about it.

Wall house

Theo Van Doesberg

CRITIQUES

You need to understand a catalog of ideas.

CRITIQUES

Building cracker and asymmetry and non-consistency.

Done by:Husam AlMuzainyAlaa AlbdourAli AthamnehAbdullah OdatAhmad Sdoudi

ARCHITECTURE

Deconstruction