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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 1Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
Sustainable Design of Geopolymers - Integration of Economic and
Environmental Aspects in the Early Stages of Material Development
Marcel Weil,Katja Dombrowski, Anja Buchwald
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 2Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
Development of Geopolymers supported by System Analysis
A. Buchwald BauhausUni. Weimar
K. Dombrowski TU Freiberg
M.Weil Forschungs-zentrum Karlsruhe
materials
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 3Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
What Are Geopolymers?
AAlumosilicatic polymeric binderslumosilicatic polymeric binders
BBinderinder
Ability to build non-Ability to build non-crystalline networks crystalline networks (molecules)(molecules)
Silicate: Si-O-SiSilicate: Si-O-SiAluminate: Al-O-AlAluminate: Al-O-Al
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 4Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
Geopolymer
Binder
Geopolymer
Setting
Mixing
Binding material:•Metakaolin•Slag•Fly ash•Activated clay•...
Solid
Alkaline activator:•NaOH/KOH•Sodium water glass•Potassium water glass•...+ Water
Fluid
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 6Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
Geopolymer
- high strength- resistance against acids- temperature resistance - cold setting- quick setting
technical performance
environmental impact
costs (LCC)
- use of secondary raw materials - extended lifetime
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 7Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
Material Development
Early stage
Material development
Degree of freedom
TP
Information
Product development
TM [t]
Late stage
Product
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 8Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
Goal
Selection and optimisation of the most promising geopolymer compositions for specific fields of
application
by the use of system analytical tools
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 9Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
Approach
3rd Step:Detailed LCA, LCC, and optimisation of most promising geopolymers
1st Step: Screening of mineral raw materials
1st Step: Screening of mineral raw materials
2nd Step: Streamlined LCA, LCC, and key properties of geopolymers
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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 10Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
• Situation: 58 raw materials (35)
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 11Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
Raw materials
Secondary resources
Ceramic waste materials• tiles• sanitary porcelain• kiln lining material
Ashes• hard coal ash• soft coal ash• sewage sludge ash
Slags• blast furnace slag• steel slag• copper slag• municipal waste slag
Others• broken down masonry • brick scrap• glass industry waste
Primary resourcesClays• kaolinitic clays• ilitic clay• dolomitic clay
Volcanic deposits• trass• tuff• basalt
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 12Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
• Task: Screening of raw materials• What should not happen: Loosing valuable
candidates• Strategies:
1. Select a group of promising candidates
2. Use different methods for the screening process
• Situation: 58 raw materials (35)
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 13Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
Non-compensatory method
Without weighting of the indicators and objectives
Compensatory method
With weighting of the technical indicators and the objectives technology, economy, ecology/health
Methodes
selection of dominant alternatives
X
°A3 °A1
°A4
°A8
°A2
°A6
°A7
°A9
°A5 °A12
°A10 X
X X X
°A11
°A14
°A15 °A13
ranking order
P1A26A53A25A16A5A1A17A3A15
P1A3
A53A17A16A5A1
A25A26A15
Pre-selection
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 15Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
Indicators
Technical
- reactivity (quantitative)
- mechanical strength (quantitative)
- resistance against acids (qualitative)
- temperature resistance (quantitative)
- setting time (quantitative)
- workability (qualitative)
- handling (qualitative)
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 16Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
IndicatorsEconomy- raw material costs (quantitative)- costs of the thermal activation of raw materials (qualitative)- costs of grinding raw materials (qualitative)- follow-up costs caused by slow setting (qualitative)- follow-up costs caused by high water absorption (qualitative)Ecology/Health- availability/consumption of mineral resources (quantitative)- consumption of energy resources (qualitative)- toxic load (qualitative)- health and safety at the workplace (qualitative)
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 17Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
Compensatory method - Application fields
cost sensitive
require high performance
acid resistant coating
mass construction material
temperature resistant plate
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 19Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
Compensatory method
Specifications of the application P1P2...Pn
AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process)
weighting stage 2Objectives
Atributes/Indicator a1 a2 .... an b1 b2 ... bn c1 c2 ... cnweighting stage 1
raw materialsA1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A9A10A11A12.....An
Ecology/HealthTechnology Economy
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 20Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
Ranking order of the alternatives for different application fields
Problem:
Determination of the cut-off level
P1 P2 ... PnA3 A53 ...
A53 A1A17 ...A16A5A1
A25A26A15A33A24
..
Compensatory method
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 21Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
Results (compensatory method)
acid resistant coating
temperature resistant plate
construction material
SM SM SP3
SP3 SP3 S2
T2 M1b O3
P1 K1 T2
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 22Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
Non-compensatory method
„dominance concept“
• No weighting of objectives• No consideration of application field
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 23Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
XX
XX
„dominance concept“
°A3 °A1
°A4
°A8
°A2
°A6
°A7
°A9
°A5°A12°A10
°A11
°A14
°A15°A13
technology
economy
Ecology/Health
Stage 1 (preselection)
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 24Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
„dominant concept“
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 25Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
Conclusions
• Introduction of Life Cycle Thinking in the early phase of material development is possible
• Preselection is important step
• too strong -> exclusion of valuable alternatives
• too weak -> additional work, costs, …
• Compensatory methods allows a good decision support in screening phase
• Dominance concept is a powerful tool for a rough screening
Forschungszentrum Karlsruhein der Helmholtz - Gemeinschaft
Folie: 26Dr.-Ing. Marcel Weil ITC-ZTS
Technical perspective
Economic perspective
Application
Raw materials
Development of materials
Ecological perspective
Thank
You