Haiti

The History

• Haiti was discovered by Columbus in 1492– Natives killed off in 25 years

• Seceded to France, became center for slave trade

• First black republic to declare independence in 1804

• Constitution: First approved 1987

Haiti’s Environmental, Energy & Infrastructure Issues

Geography of Haiti

• Area: 27,750 sq. km.• Capital: Port-au-Prince

• Terrain: Rugged mountains with small coastal plains and river valleys, and a large east-central elevated plateau.• Climate: Warm, semiarid, high humidity in many coastal areas.• Natural resources: Bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble. 

The IssuesDeforestation, Energy, Waste/Water, Infrastructure

“In 1923 forests covered nearly 60 percent of the country; today they cover less than 2 percent.” –Global

Security

The Bottom Line: Deforestation

The Bottom Line: Deforestation

The Cause & Effects of Deforestation

DeforestationTopsoil erosion

Flooding & degradation

• Cause: Dependence on charcoal• Charcoal- 75%• Hydroelectricity- 5%• Petroleum products- 20%

Desperately need alternative energy!!

Infrastructure

Infrastructure after the Earthquake

“There are no patterns of traffic, no recognizable right of ways, no sense of order to the mass chaos in and

around the capital Port au Prince — the epicenter of the massive quake.” –World Focus

Waste & Water

10-Year Strategic Plan

Let heaven and earth praise him, the seas and all that move in them, for God will save Zion and rebuild the

cities of Judah. Then people will settle there and possess it; the children of his servants will inherit it,

and those who love his name will dwell there.

-Psalm 69:34-36

Comprehensive Diagram

Haiti 10-yr Strategic Growth Plan

Phase I (1-2)

AIdentify problems/issues

Develop plans

Environment Energy Infrastructure

Phase II (3-6)

IPlans/Programs

Regional Local

Phase III (7-10)

MSustainability

Resources Population

-allocate-

-implement-

-manage-

AA•Allocate appropriate land and develop specific plans/programs•Identify environmentally sensitive, hazardous and flood prone areas•Identify rich cultivated areas

II•Agriculture Plan•Reforestation program•Crop/Produce program•Water Management program•Surface/Groundwater

MM•Management/Mitigation Plan•Sustain current and future resources for Haiti•Economic development•Export resources

Environment

Reforestation Environment•Reforestation Program- To protect and sustain forest life in Haiti 

• Short term (3-6 years): Increase forested areas by 30%

• Long term (7-10 years): Increase forested areas by 70%

Planting Species

• Short Term - planting fast growing species

•“Bayahonda”

• Grows anywhere and can be harvested in 3 years

• Long Term - regenerate species

• "Bamboo“

• Re-grows spontaneously after it is cut

• Restore soil & agriculture industry• export oil, cocoa, coffee and mangoes 

Water filtration for surface water flow

Bioswales

Retention ponds

Water Environment

AA•Allocate appropriate land and develop specific plans/programs•Identify rich cultivated areas

II•Alternative Energy Plan•Bio-fuel program•Renewable Energy program•Solar Power•Wind

MM•Management/Mitigation Plan•Sustain current and future resources for Haiti•Expand bio-fuel crop industry•Export bio-fuel and other energy source

Energy

• 10-Yr Goal: Shift energy dependency from wood fuel to bio fuel• Biofuel- Jatropha Curcas

– Renewable & burns cleaner– 1 ton seeds 600 L bio-diesel– Sells in US average $3.20/gallon

• Requires education, technology, & time– Ex. Brazil’s ethanol- 20 years– Educate Haitians in 10 years

• Why in Haiti?• Optimal weather conditions• Self sustaining energy• Economic benefits

– Provide jobs and income– Useful in producing other consumer products

Bio-fuel Energy

Renewable Energy ProgramLPG is the short-term plan for source of energy/ fuel:•LPG ( Liquefied Petroleum Gas)•Low-carbon, low-polluting fossil fuel•Widely available•Used for many commercial and domestic applications•Used alongside renewable technologies

•Alternative energy substitute for wood fuel

Alternative Energy

•Minimize damage on the forest•More efficient energy than charcoal•1 ton of LPG is equivalent of 4.7 tons of charcoal•Environment friendly

Alternative Energy

• Renewable Energy Program• Wind Energy is the long-

term plan for source of energy/ fuel:– Wind Energy:

• Significant wind potential (NW, Significant wind potential (NW, W, N) “Wind Corridor”W, N) “Wind Corridor”

• Falls in key zone of consistent Falls in key zone of consistent windswinds

• Elevated wind speedsElevated wind speeds• Lasts more than 30 yearsLasts more than 30 years• 20 can be built within 1 sq km20 can be built within 1 sq km• 1.8MW turbine 1.8MW turbine 1000+ US 1000+ US

homeshomes

Wind Energy

AA•Allocate appropriate land and develop specific plans/programs•Landfills•Water•City/Community

II•City/Community Plan•Smart Growth•Waste Management Plan•Solid waste management program•Recycle program•Clean Water Plan•Well program•Water purifier program

MM•Management/Mitigation Plan•Sustain current and future resources for Haiti•Self-sustaining

Infrastructure

Clean Water

Rain water harvesting system•Collect rainwater in:1.Individual home2.Community3.Regional System

Find locations for possible well drillingUltimate goal is to move water away from city

Water Infrastructure

Infrastructure and telecommunication Environment

Infrastructure Program: Community protection, growth, and sustainability

• Short term (3-6 years):

• Buildings codes & organized city layout

• Closed sewage system for water & waste control

•Aim for eco-friendly, pedestrian-friendly city

• Bike-dependant community

• Long term (7-10 years):

• Connect nation- highways & public transportation

• Implement landfills, recycling and composting

Telecommunication program:

•Short term (3-6 years): Operate radio network

•Long term (7-10 years); Implement landline system

Agriculture & industry in haiti

Introduction

Plantations were very successful early on

Shift to small scale subsistence farming led to significant decrease in export crops

Currently, agriculture is the main source of income for 67% of Haitians

Makes up 28% of national GDP Potential is not being maximized

Current Situation

No investment Low level agricultural technology and

practices Mass subsistence farming

Fragmented land (no coordination) Cash crops are not focused on

Current Income

Half of population makes $60 a year Legal minimum wage is 70 Gourdes

($1.70 US) Currently, many Haitians are receiving

17 Gourdes (41 cents) maximum wage More than half the Haitians live with less

than a dollar a day

Future Goal

Commercialize agriculture Defragment landholdings Allot more land for cash crops Invest in modern agricultural technology Integrate modern practices Establish minimum wage and benefits

Coffee

The growing season for coffee lasts four months

Constitutes a large portion of national agriculture

Provides at minimum 400,000 jobs 10% expected annual growth Eliminate middle-seller and directly

export to increase grower’s profit

Mangoes

Exports only 20% of its potential output High demands in local and foreign

market Growing and harvesting season lasts

approximately ten months Brings in more than $10 million revenue Over 500,000 small and medium-scale

farmers and enterprises involved

cacao

Two growing seasons per year (Harvested from April to May and November to December)

20% annual growth 4-5 year period before trees bear fruit Life of cacao tree is about 30 years

Projected export of food based on 10% the income (monthly) growth

food item

2010 2011 2020

Wage Wage Wage

Produced Amount Produced Amount Produced Amount

Coffee(Four

months)

210 Gourdes / month

231 Gourdes / month

420 Gourdes / month

28,000 tons 30,800 tons 56,000 tons

Mangoes(Ten

months)

360 Gourdes / month

396 Gourdes / month

720 Gourdes / month

2,250 tons 2,475 tons 4,500 tons

Cacao(Two

seasons)

330 Gourdes / month

363 Gourdes / month

660 Gourdes / month

5,000 tons 6,000 tons 10,000 tons

Rice

2009-2010, the price of imported rice per pound was $0.70 USD, locally produced rice was $1.17 USD

20% of the population is engaged in rice production

However the agriculture of rice in Haiti has suffered due to inflow of cheap US rice as a part of foreign aid

Small tariff on rice imports to help Haitian rice farmers to compete with US rice farmers

Sugar

Production cost of Haitian sugar is three times more than the world price

Currently there is little sugar production Currently Haiti is searching for

alternative crops to sugar such as soybeans

Production & Import Comparison / projection chart

Food item 2010 2011 2020

Produce Import Produce Import Produce Import

Rice66.137

tons379.189

tons85.977

tons266.059

tons132.274

tons186.559

tons

Sugar -246, 051

tons25,000

tons196,760

tons250,000

tons87,294

tons

Alternative source (JatrophaCurcas)

Non edibel oil crop, used to produce bio-diesel

Can be used to make paper, soap, cosmetics, toothpaste, and even cough medicine

Grows best in sell drained soils, 600mm rainfall per year

Can withstand long periods of drought

Alternative source cont.,

1 ton seeds produces 600 liters bio-diesel

30kg can be harvested per person Processing 24 hours 1 year – 4.5 tons 1 gallon = $3.20 USD = 127.20 Gourdes 600 liters = 158.5 gallons (bio-diesel) 1 ton = 907 kg 30kg = 5.28 gallons bio-diesel = 671.62 Gourdes

Alternative source projection (20%)

2013 2014 2023

Wage (30kg /bag) Wage (30kg /bag) Wage (30kg /bag)

produced produced produced

Total profit Total profit Total profit

JatrophaCurcas

671.62 Gourdes 805.94 Gourdes 2,014.86 Gourdes

4.5 tons(713.25 gallons)

5.4 tons(855.90 gallons)

13.5 tons(2,139.75 gallons)

90,725.94 Gourdes($28,351.86 USD)

130,644.71 Gourdes

($40,826.47 USD)

816,533.46 Gourdes($255,166.71

USD)

Industry

Some facts

The industry sector makes up 20% of the nations GDP

Potential has been stagnated due to strong lack of investment

Relies heavily on imports for many manufactured goods, machinery, and other industrial products

Major objectives

Strengthen the industrial sector through financial investments Subsidies for leading enterprises with

significant contributions to the economy Subsidies for struggling enterprises in key

industries Micro-loans for small businesses

Short-term goals

Restructure production processes to maximize efficiency and increase output

Introduce more advanced machinery Worker training Develop competent and honest leaders Push for non taxed exports Provide basic business and management

advice along with start up loans for small businesses

Long-term Goals

Establish minimum wages Establish worker benefits in proportion

to the profitability of the business Attract private investors and

entrepreneurs to create businesses in weak industries

Major Industries

Textiles and apparel Food processing

Sugar refining, flour milling Beverages Tobacco products

Textiles and Apparel

Apparel sector accounts for 2/3 of Haitian exports and 1/10 of GDP

Tariff free trade with the US market for textile exports provided for by HOPE (Haitian Hemispheric Opportunity through Partnership Encouragement ) Act until 2018

Food Processing

The lack of sugar refineries has severely limited sugarcane farming which was once very successful in Haiti

Haiti’s only major flour mill was damaged during earthquake

General facts before the earthquake

Health Facts

• 80% below poverty line• Less than 50% has access to clean

drinking water• Deficient sanitation systems• Poor nutrition• Life expectancy: 44 years• WHO (World Health Organizations)

estimates that 43 percent of the target population receives the recommended immunizations

• In terms of health care spending, Haiti was last in the Western Hemisphere.

– $83 annually on health care.

• There are 25 physicians and 11 nurses per 100,000 population.

• Only one-fourth of births are attended by a skilled health professional.

This isn’t Haiti’s first major natural disaster…

• 10 recorded hurricanes since 1935

• 1 other recorded earthquake in 1946 with an 8.1 magnitude (the 2010 earthquake had 7.0 magnitude)– Killed an estimate of

15,000 people all throughout history.

– This also has spiritual implications…

• God has been putting Haiti through so much. Not only America but also Haiti

General facts after the earthquake

Health Facts• 80% below the poverty line• 3 million people affected.• Buildings and infrastructure in Port-Au-Prince are extensively

damaged and basic water and electricity is not nonexistent.– Health issues of immediate concern include search and rescue of trapped

survivors; treatment of injuries such as lacerations, broken and fractured bones, burns, and crush injuries; respiratory problems due to inhalation of dust and building materials; treatment for and prevention of infection; distribution of clean water and food; proper sanitation; care and feeding of infants and young children; and management of a growing number of deceased. As of this writing, The Red Cross estimates is estimating that 45,000 - 50,000 have died in the earthquake.

– So far, 160 medical sites (both fixed and mobile) set up around Haiti.

– Rape increased– Only 40% of the population have received emergency medical materials.

– “On a good day in Haiti," Williams said, "there's not enough food to go around, there's not enough potable water, there are not enough sanitation facilities, the hospitals are marginally staffed, they're poorly equipped, and they don't have enough medications." Medpage Today

Current Issues

Diseases

• AIDS. – Haiti has the highest infection rate for

the virus that causes AIDS in the Western Hemisphere.

– 1 in 50 people are infected with HIV AIDS.

• Malaria• Typhoid • Hepatitis• Respiratory Infections

Other issues• Lack of medical care (only $83 annually from the

government) especially where MOM is located. • Transporting individuals to shelters for treatment due to road

damage.• No Haitian doctors that will make healthcare in Haiti self-

sustaining.• Hospitals, schools, and other important are either destroyed

or damaged.

• Rape in the community– Sex-for-food is not uncommon in the camps, said a report issued

Tuesday by the Interuniversity Institute for Research and Development in Haiti. "In particular, young girls have to negotiate sexually in order to get shelter from the rains and access to food aid." 

10 year plan

 ”For I know the plans I have for you," declares the LORD, plans to prosper you and not to harm you, plans to give you hope and a future.” Jeremiah 29:11

Goals and Objectives– To establish and repair

health care facilities, equipped with medication and equipment, ready to be used by long-term or Haitian permanent doctors, and to make Haiti a healthy, self-sustaining country in order to treat not only agricultural health related issues but also for the general need of health and sanitation in the desired area for the sake of demonstrating the grace of God.

Phase 1 (Preparation for Immediate Relief) Years 1-3

– Clean up trash around the area in which the tents/health center/ agriculture fields are going to be

• Missionary workers

• Salvation Army

– Locations:

» Chantal in the region of Sud

» Les Anglais in the region of Sud.

» Fonds- Verrettes in the region of Sud-Ouest. Les Anglais in the region of Sud-Ouest.

» Ouanaminthe in the region of Nord-Est.

– Begin to bring in and set up tents

• ***These shelters must have a plumbing system***

– Begin to bring in medication

Phase 2 (Transitioning from immediate relief preparation to

long-term preparation) Years 3-5– Start constructing health

centers/ start reconstructing damaged hospitals

• Martissant health centre• Solidarite maternity

hospital• Doctors Without Borders

Trinité trauma center hospital

– Missionary volunteers– Salvation Army

– Most tents around the immediate area should be set up and ready to go.

• Plumbing is crucial and thus must also be completed.

Phase 3 (Beginning of Immediate Treatment and

Continuing to Prepare for Long term) Year 5-7

– Begin treatment in the tents either using the long-term doctors or Haitian doctors (meaning that the first Haitian doctors, nurses, RNs, and TBAs should be educated and have the appropriate credentials)

• All Haitian medical staff must be permanent.

– Continue to bring in medication (they will run out and eventually need more)

– Continue to build health center/ rebuild health centers.

• For rebuilding health centers, by now the outer structure must be constructed and the electricity, plumbing, air conditioning, etc will be in progress during this phase.

– Summary: Tents must now be ready for treatment of patients. Medications are still coming in and replenishing tents that have already used them on patients.

Phase 4 (Completion of Long-term, Self-sustaining) Years 7-10

– Health center completed and ready to treat patients.( Haiti must now be self-sustaining in producing doctors, nurses, midwives, RNs, and TBAs.)

– Continue to bring in medication (they will run out and eventually need more)(in this way the health center must be self-sustaining in itself)

– Summary: The tents and the health center must now be complete and ready to that patients. Reconstruction of hospitals can still be on going. The end of the plan is only determined if Haiti is now self-sustaining and further planning is unnecessary.

Obstacles

Sources of Medication– Different

organizations will be able to supply medication to MOM.

MOM

QuakeKareGlobal Giving

Medical Teams

international

Bringing in Medication

Utilizing seaports

Utilizing airports

Ability to bring in medication from desired locations (U.S

Cuba)

Bringing in Medication

- Air– 14 airports– Port-Au-Prince

airport is the only international airport in Haiti.

– 4 airports of paved runways

– 10 airports of unpaved runways

Bringing in Medication

• Sea– Port of Cap Haitian

– Port of Corail

– Port of Gonaives

– Port of Jacmel

– Port of Jeremie

– Port of Les Cayes

– Port of Mirogoane

– Port of Petite Goave

– Port of Port de Paix

– Port of Port-au-Prince

– Port of Saint Marc

Ports

Medication from Cuba

11 ports all around

Haiti

Medication from U.S

10 YEAR MEDICAL PLAN FOR HAITI

PRINCIPLES

-Accessibility-Comprehensiveness-Universality-Need based-Reducing wait times and improvingaccess-Transparent progress to citizens

“…the need to transition to recovery and to building a long-term, very sustainable infrastructure for health and health care in Haiti…”

-Dr. Nicole Lurie

-185 Hospitals-150 sq km per hospital-2 doctors per 10,000 people-1.8 nurses per 10,000 people-Less than 300 doctors graduate from Haitian Med schools

District of Port-au-Prince :-Martissant Health Facility-Solidarite Hospital

District of Nord:- Justinian Hospital in Cape-Haitien

District of Nord-Ouest:-Immaculate Conception Hospital of Port-de-Paix

District of Sud:- Les Cayes General Hospital

-60% of medical facilities damaged or destroyed-Influx out of Port-au-Prince to other health centers-Towns suchs as Gonaives, Port-de-Paix, Cap Haitien lack earthquake related needs

YEAR ONE-Help from 33 Medical Organizations

-Necessary Materials to Hospitals (Donations and organizations)

-Link hospitals with PIH, AmeriCares, GHESKIO, MSF, etc

-More Beds: Goal: at least 250 beds per hospital

-Begin Infrastructure

-3,500 Haitians have access to Antiretroviral drugs.

-National goal: 25,000 to 30,000 by 2020

Year 3-Support of 25 health organizationsExit: Klinik Fanm, UNOPS, SOE, Institut PANOS, Medecins du Monde, HIMNET, CECI, Caritas

-All hospitals to provide antiretroviral treatment (ART) --- Support: GHESKIO, Global Fund to Fight AIDS, FHI

- Case study: Immaculate Conception Hospital in Cayes

-7,800 Haitians have access to ART

-Propose Territorial Health Access Fund to government ($150 million over 10 years)

-Propose Law to keep Med school graduates in Haiti

-HIV/AIDS center in all Hospitals

-Rebuilding Martissant Health Facility and Solidarite Hospital

Year 5-Support of 15 Health Organizations Exit: Carrefour Haiti, ADRA, City Med/M.A.R.C.H., H.E.L.P. Inc., PROFAMIL, OPS/OMS, Zanmi La Sante, Etc.

-Start Emergency Medical Center in Hospitals

- Build radiology section in Martissant Health Facility and Solidarite Hospital

-12,100 Haitians have access to ART

-Port-de-Paix Hospital to adopt Red Cross blood bank (only one in the area)

-Hospital-University Partnerships Case study: Justinian Hospital

- United Nations Development Program to improve roads for ambulances

Year 7

-Support of 5 Health Organizations Exit: INHSAC, Institut Cardinal Leger, AOPS, Red Cross, IPPF, WHR, etc.

-16,400 Haitians have access to ART

-Continue rebuilding Martissant Health Facility and Solidarite Hospital

-Les Cayes General Hospital to adopt Cuban field hospital

- 250 beds at least in all hospitals

-Telemedicine support in hospitals

-Advanced HIV testing equiptment in all hospitals

- Increase obstetrical operations in hospitals so that 95% of births are attended by skilled health professionals (now 25%)

Year 10-Completely Independent Health system Exit: MSF, Red Cross, GHESKIO, Pan American Health Organization, etc.

-25,000-30,000 Haitians with access to ART

-Complete rebuilding Martissant Health Facility and Solidarite Hospital

-400 beds in each hospital

-100% of pregnancies attended by skilled professionals

-Pass Territorial Health Access Fund to government ($150 million over 10 years)

-Emergency center in all hospitals

-1: 250 doctor to patient ratio

-1: 20 nurse to patient ratio

HEALTH EDUCATION:Proactive Prevention + Protection

Common Problems Education Must Address

– Infant Mortality, Malnutrition, Anemia and Parasites, Childbirth Complications, Cervical Cancer, STDs

Absence of Health Education System

• The gov’t FAILS to provide public health education. The ABSENCE of a healthcare system and education on proactive PREVENTION + PROTECTION results in:

• – >40% of the population has no access to health care – >70% of the population has no access to medication – <50% of children are vaccinated. – Lack clean water + adequate sanitization– Cities rampant with violence and grime– Haitians are some of the most malnourished people in the world

Health Education Haiti’s Recovery:

• Proper EDUCATION of nutrition, basic hygiene, available resources greatly PREVENTS:

– Malnutrition– Childbirth complications– Anemia + Parasites– STDs

–…education of the next generation will help us create a healthy Haiti

4 Areas of Education

• HYGIENE - Nutrition - Disease Control - Rape + PREGNANCY

Hygiene

• Washing hands• Anti-bacterial/Soap: Hand sanitizer• Covering up/protecting wounds•  

Nutrition/ Dietary Concerns • WATER (teach them to boil it!)

– Lack of clean water and sanitation is a major root cause of diseases/ dietary complications

• Danger of INEDIBLE FOOD CONSUMPTION• WHAT foods /alternatives are available + WHERE

Disease Control

• CONTAGIOUSNESS of viruses/bacteria• Hygienic TECHNIQUES such as covering

coughs/sneezes• PROTECTION against STDs

Rape/Pregnancy

• Rape VICTIMS:– Educate on imp. of physical

EXAMINATION, for:• bruises and cuts, tears and

bleeding, collection of fluid for investigation purpose and for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

– Emotional COUNSELING:• Victims need to be counseled

and given comforts, while obtaining the story of the circumstances where she was in. 

•

– "Morning-after pills”•

Rape/Pregnancy

• Pregnancy EDUCATION:

– Nutrition during pregnancy– Importance of psychological

stability to baby during pregnancy

– How to safely give birth/recover (6-8 weeks recovery)

– Proper care for newborn infants

• HOW TO improve the maternal/pregnancy health outcome

Rape/Pregnancy

• Proper Midwife Training:– The high maternal and infant mortality

rate impacts socioeconomic status/ability to improve

• Requirements– MIDWIFE: 3-4 years training necessary– RNs, 1-2 additional years

• TBAs (Traditional Birth Attendant):– Example from another developing

country, Cambodia: • No formal training • In Cambodia there are laws prohibiting

any people to deliver babies.  The Cambodia government encourages the education of midwives and TBAs to improve the maternal/pregnancy health outcome. 

10 Year Plan• PHASE 1 (Year 1-2)

– Draw a crowd, PLANT THE SEED of Project

• Bring in Health Teachers, Drs., RNs, Midwives, Medical teams, Volunteer staff to TREAT + TEACH

• Treating: • Begin a soup kitchen / medical

center to draw• Provide consultation to rape victims,

injured, etc.

• Teaching• Survey needs• Develop teaching curriculum

10 Year Plan• Phase 2 (Year 3-6)

– Treat• Continue treatment facility,

expand

– Teach• Recruit Haitian Medical Team

to train, including:– Midwives – RNs– Health Education Teachers

– *goal: educate community leaders to create self sufficient learning system

–

10 Year Plan

• Phase 3 (Year 7-10) :– Watch Haiti take

ownership

• Treating: • Continue sending medical

teams/ needs

• Teaching• Continue sending teachers• Allow Haitian practitioners

to teach other Haitians

Important Notes

– MOBILIZE + MAXIMIZE resources Haitians have– ACCULTURATE to the community – UNDERSTAND culture/values before attempting to – EDUCATE or CHANGE it

Rebuilding HaitiEDUCATION

Educational History

First schools in 1805 Free and compulsory primary education Education promoted in principle but

comprehensive, accessible education not developed

Curriculum emphasized literature

Educational History

1860- Education under the control of Roman Catholic Church

Education modeled on the French system

7 yrs primary, 7 yrs secondary

Secondary – admission test

l Lycee (public), college(private)

Educational History

1970's Reform 1978: Primary school restructured 10 years of basic education, 3 yrs secondary Use of Haitian Creole in the first four grades Grouping children by ability Discovery Learning

Educational History

1982 → 65% of children over 10 no formal education, 8% get more than primary education

Education is highly valued, but not accessible Cannot afford the fees, school supplies,

uniforms

Educational Culture

Fluency in French is a marker of success Memorization (vs. Analysis, synthesis) Grading is very strict Teacher authority

Culture

Dualistic Culturel European vs. Africanl French vs. Creolel Mulatto Elites vs. Black massesl Urban vs. Rurall Christianity vs. Voodoo

Religion

Voodoo is national religion 80% Roman Catholic 20% Protestants of

various denomination Most Haitians practice at

least some aspect of voodoo

“voodoo” - means “spirit” in West Africa

Intermediaries with a single God Almighty

THE CURRENT STATE• in Haiti’s 21st Century Education System

THE CURRENT STATEin Haiti’s 21st Century Education System

Gross: total of all agesNet: total of ages of school age

THE CURRENT STATE

Public schools enrollment is stagnant.

Private schools account for 80% of student enrollment

For-Profit

Evangelical, Catholic

Community School

The enrollment between the first and last year of Primary school decreases by over 50%.

Vocational/Technical Education lacks in consistency and effectiveness.

Higher education is pursued in the Dominican Republic, Canada, or USA.

in Haiti’s Education System in the 21st Century

THE CURRENT STATE

80% of teachers do not hold official teaching certificate.

Students are just not learning.

Overcrowding

Ineffective learning environment (buildings, outside noise, etc)

Inexperienced/untrained/uneducated teachers

Weak and Inconsistent Ministry of Education (government).

Inconsistency and insecurity of the government keeps many foreign donors from supporting the education sector.

in Haiti’s Education System in the 21st Century

THE FINDINGS

Negatively affects social, cultural, and spiritual.Unreliable government support. The Haitian government alone is not capable of

resolving the educational crisis. The crisis has to be tended to community by

community; and each community must take ownership of its schools and community center.

The education system has to be built up on integrity.

BeforeBefore AfterAfter

Haiti Schools

THE PLAN

10-year plan Phase I Years 1-2: Resources

“Rebuilding our Community”-- Open house for potential local teachers, staff, and volunteers.• Interview, train, shadow, co-teach. • INCENTIVE: Meals and shelter during the training, ID and

certificate of completion, guaranteed paid position upon the successful completion of training.

•Gather teacher trainers from USA, Canada, and France (preferably from Haitian descent) for short-term on-site teacher training position.

Phase II Years 3-5: Schools open Phase III Years 5-10: Evaluate schools and open

community center.

Purpose: Starting point of education to build up future

leaders for the nation School System: 1st-6th grade

PRIMARY EDUCATION

Curriculum

-- Courses: Math, Science, Language Arts, Social Studies (applies to all grades)

-- 4th grade: Select second language: English or Spanish

-- 6th grade: Preparation for admission exam (gifted or public school)

Sample Schedule

AGENDA: 9AM-1:30PM

TIME COURSES

9-9:30am Morning Assembly (Announcements &

Praise)

9:30-10:20am Math

10:20-11:10am Social Studies

11:10-11:50am Snacks & Recess

11:50am-12:40pm Science

12:40-1:30pm Language Arts

Building Plan

PHASE II: 15-20 students/classPHASE III: 20-25 students/class

*we will hire teachers based on student enrollment

Vocational/Career School

SECONDARY EDUCATION

Purpose: Prepare students for completion of basic high school

academics and train them for the career in which they are interested.

School System: 7th to 10th grades

Curriculum

-- Courses: Math, Science, Language Arts, Social Studies, Spanish (applies to all grades)

-- End of 8th grade: Choose career field interested in

-- 9th and 10th grade: Take job training courses in selected field

-- 9th and 10th grade: English is offered as an option to those who would like to learn English

Vocations offered

AgricultureUtility workers

(Plumber, Electrician, etc.)

TeachingFashion (Sewing, etc.)

Sample Schedule

Agenda: 9AM to 2:30PM

Time Course

9:00AM – 9:20AM Morning Assembly (Announcements, prayer, praise,

etc.)

9:25AM – 10:15AM Math

10:20AM – 11:10AM Social Studies

11:15AM – 12:05PM Language Arts

12:10PM – 12:50PM Lunch and Recess

12:55PM – 1:45PM Science

1:50PM – 2:30PM Foreign language and Dismissal

Building Plan

PHASE II: 30 students per class

PHASE III: 40 students per class

*2 teachers per class*based on the number of

students and teachers recruited, we will adjust the student-teacher ratio

Gifted Secondary Education

Purpose: To educate & train the future leaders of Haiti by providing a rigorous education program in order to equip them to become college-bound.Requirements: Entrance exam Agenda: 9AM – 2:30PM

School System

Middle school: 2 yearsHigh school : 3 yearsGoal: Enter a general university in Haiti or

participate in exchange and cooperation training programs with prominent agricultural universities in Haiti or Dominican Republic

CurriculumMiddle School

Language Arts Math Science Social Studies Language: English or

Spanish Physical Education Computer Skills

High School Language Arts (Including AP

English Lang. & Comp.) Math (Including AP Calculus) Science (Including AP Physics) Social Studies (Including AP

Economics) Language: English or Spanish Physical Education Computer Skills

Sample Schedule

Time Course

9:10AM – 9:30AM Morning Assembly (Announcements/praise)

9:40AM – 10:30AM Math

10:40AM – 11:30AM Science

11:40AM – 12:10PM Lunch

12:20PM – 1:10PM Social Studies

1:20PM – 2:10PM Language Arts

2:20PM – 2:30PM Dismissal

Agenda: 9AM to 2:30PM

Building Plan

PHASE II: 25-30 students per class

PHASE III: 20-25 students per class

*2 teachers per class*based on the number of

students and teachers recruited, we will adjust the student-teacher ratio

Building Communities in Haiti

Current Events

“Traffickers targeting Haiti’s children, human organs, PM says...” http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/27

/haiti.earthquake.orphans/index.html

“How Haitian teens will end up on your online porn” (humantrafficking.org) http://humantrafficking.change.org/blog/view/

Current Events continued...

“In spite of everything, Haiti’s children still dream and laugh...” (cnn.com) http://www.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/05/04/danticat.haiti.children/index.html

“The January 12, 2010, earthquake changed their lives. Many watched loved ones die, lost family members and other caretakers, one or both of their parents, siblings. Many were stuck in the rubble of their homes and were rescued several days later.”

“Haiti's children have suffered more than any child, or adult, should have to, yet they still represent the best that Haiti has to offer. The potential for a better country rests on their shoulders. The survival of Haiti's children means the survival of Haiti. Their success guarantees the country's future.”

“Parents willingly gave their children to Idaho Baptists”

Building a Community CenterMission Statement: A center

where a safe, loving, and encouraging environment is given for all children and youth in developing their health and social well being, working in rebuilding the community of the Haitians for this and the next generation. Praying of God’s Kingdom coming upon

Haiti Encouraging the people to dream their

dreams: healing, new life, and overcoming evil

Developing a place where God’s compassion will flow through the people servings to make an impact upon the Haitians Cambodia Mission Statement in

Community Rebuilding - Lausanne World Plus Organization

Centers Included...Day Care Center

Mission Statement: to provide a childcare program that is designed to provide safe and loving environment for children (ages 0-4 years) from single parent homes or homes where both parents work and care is needed (UCIC Learning Center: Bothell, WA) Gives parents a chance to work in assurance of the safety

of their children in a qualified center with trained volunteers and teachers

Where a child can develop healthy physically and emotionally, especially from the after effects of the earthquake

Teen/Student Center Mission Statement: to provide support and hope for those

impacted by the disaster in delivering critical services such as counseling, educational support, recreational activities, and family programs. (YMCA Haiti)

Day Care Center

Hours: 6:00am to 6:00pm (tentatively)Where children feel safe and become healthy

lots of love from caregivers providing sanitation (cleaning, washing, bathing) providing foods (following nutritional guidelines)

Where children can have fun and socialize with those around them play areas donated toys art and crafts (hands on activities) : painting

rocks music play

Day Care Center continued...

Volunteers made up of out of the country to build those of in the country (mainly moms) Those that have a

heart in serving the children

Offer families of volunteers (esp. single moms) to have a place of shelter and meals throughout the day

Teen/Student Center

After-school program (3pm to 7pm, tentatively)

volunteers made up of mostly older

siblings or parents and teachers

gain benefits in getting provided with food, free education, and possibly health care (later on)

Teen/Student Center Providing counseling sessions for

those emotionally and mentally hurt by the earthquake

Providing student centers for students one on one private sessions

with teachers/older student volunteers

Providing sports and recreational activities team games equipment and centers

Providing informative classes required for those who want to

serve and become involved in the center

SEX ED / Health