Development and Management of Innovation Clusters in Korea ... · clusters with industry, academia,...

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Development and Management of Innovation Clusters in Korea and Policy Implication

3rd International Conference on Science, Technology, Innovation (STI) and Development

(STEPI-World Bank)

Seoul, Sep. 6 2017

Deok Soon Yim, Ph.D.

Senior Research Fellow Science and Technology Policy Institute (STEPI)

Contents

Development with Science and Technology

Issues of Innovation Cluster

Innovation Cluster Policy in Korea

Daedeok Innopolis

Technopark

Conclusion and Discussion

Note: The earlier version was presented in various workshops and training programs

Research Background and Questions

Science and Technology is a key factor for Korea’s

development.

And STI park is one of the main S&T policy focus

So many Science, Technology and Innovation Parks in the

world. Are they successful?

What are the Korean Experience and Policies?

Are there any lessons to be learned from Korea?

Development with Science and Technology

Korea’s Development with Science & Technology

1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s

S&T Policy

Technology Imitation

Fundamental R&D

National R&D Program

Global S&T Player

Technology Imitator

Second-tier Innovator

Top-tier Technology Leader

Industrial Policy

Export- Oriented

Light Industries

Heavy and Chemical Industries

Technology Intensive Industries

High Tech Industries, Innovation

Clusters

New Future Industries

Per Capita GDP

255 US$ (1970)

1,660 US$ (1980)

6,303 US$ (1990)

11,292 US$ (2000)

20,562 US$ (2010)

Characteristics of Korea's STI development

Awareness of the STI importance from both

public (government) and private sectors

Government driven development

Harmony with industrial development

From field technology applied tech.

fundamental tech. basic tech.

Establishment of technological

innovation system: Gov't sponsored labs,

S&T universities, ST Parks

Rapid Increase of R&D investment: Ratio

of R&D investment (4.15% (2013) No. 1 in

the world)

Gov’t Policy

R&D Inst. S&T Park S&T Univ.

Industry

Innovation Actors 1970~80 1990~2010 2010~

Gov't ☆☆☆☆☆ ☆☆☆☆ ☆☆☆

Industry ☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆☆☆

University ☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆

Gov't labs. ☆☆☆☆☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆

Promotion Agency ☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆

Finantial Inst. ☆ ☆ ☆☆

Regional Gov't ☆ ☆☆☆ ☆☆☆

Issues of Innovation Cluster Issues

Guro industrial Complex (1970) Guro Digital Complex (2006)

Traditional industrial complex vs. modern innovation cluster

Source: [조선일보] 2006년 02월 16일

Guro: Shopping Cluster?

자료: 조선일보 자료: yahoo.co.kr

Sinchon: Entertainment Cluster?

Type What is the difference?

Science Park Science Town Technology Park Techno-park Techno-valley ??? valley Technopolis Innopolis Innovation Cluster

- Focus (science, technology, innovation) - Size of Area - History

So many S&T Parks and Innovation Clusters

Generation Characteristics

1st Science Park: Science and Technology-Push

2nd Technology Park: Market-Pull

3rd Innovation Cluster: Interaction between S&T and Market

4th Business Resort: Future Generation Innovation Cluster

Virtual network + Quality of Life ?

Source: Modified from (Yim, 2007)

From Science Park to Innovation Cluster

An innovation cluster is a networked group of innovation actors and location(s), where the actors are creating economic and technological values by interacting, competing and collaborating with other actors in innovation processes, which functions as the source of innovative activities for the region/nation, and has global competitiveness (Yim, 2008; Yim, 2002).

Def. of Innovation Cluster

Market,

Acceptance,

Size of

System

Max. of

total system

Begin Grow Expand New Start, Maintain, Decrease

(Yim, 2008)

S type curve of Innovation Cluster Life Cycle

• Initial Conditions – Location, Technology, People, Culture, Venture

Capital and Consulting Firm, Other Infrastructure

• Down-stream Evolution (Yim, 2000) – From Production to Research

• Up-stream Evolution (Yim, 2000)

– From Research to Production

Evolutionary Process

Secondary Value Functions

Human Resource, Venture Capital, Information Supply, Consulting Service

Primary Value Functions

Upstream Development Pattern

Downstream Development Pattern

Production

Knowledge Transfer)

Marketing

(Creation of Value)

(S&T Knowledge

Creation)

Two development Patterns of Innovation Cluster

Incubator

Capital Culture

Human Resource

R&D Base

Policy & Management

Large market ?

Location

Key Success Factors of Successful Clusters

- Many government s– both local and

national – are trying to make successful

innovation clusters (STPs).

- How many of them are successful?

- Can they produce the expected results?

- What are the reasons for this phenomena?

Success Rate of Innovation Cluster?

Innovation Cluster Policy in Korea

Existing ones - S&T Parks - Technoparks - Industrial Complex

Change them from simple agglomerated complex into networked Innovation Cluster

New ones - National S&T Complex - Regional Gov’t initiated Technology Complex

Plan and put the cluster concept from the plan

Innovation Cluster

Direction of innovation cluster policy in Korea

Ministry of Health and Welfare

Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy

Ministries (Central Gov’t.)

Regional Gov’t

Ministry of Science and ICT

- Industrial complexe

- Digital Media City (Seoul)

- Gwanggyo Technovalley, - Pangyo Technovalley (Gyeonggi Province)

Presidential Committee on Regional Development

President

- Osong Bio-technopolis

- Innopolis

(As of year 2017)

Ministry of SMEs and Startups

- Technoparks - Center for Creative Economy and Innovation

Innovation cluster and concerned ministries

Paradigm Belief on the Effects of Innovation coming from organic clustering of Actors in the cluster

(or same region, or complex)

Authority Ministry of Science

and ICT Ministry of Science

and ICT Ministry of SMEs

and Startups

Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family

Affairs

Regional

Gov’t .

Innovation Cluster

Daedeok Innopolis Industrial Complex

Technopark, Center for Creative

Economy and Innovation

Bio-technopolis

Digital Media City, Gwanggyo

Technovalley, Pangyo Technovalley

Aim of Policy

To make R&D based innovation

cluster

To make manufacturing

oriented industrial innovation complex

To support technological

innovation at the region

To create bio innovation cluster

To create regional innovation cluster

Agency Daedeok Innopolis

Management Office

KICOX (Korea Industrial Complex

Corp.) Foundation

MM and Development Task Force office

Agencies of Regional Governments

Policy direction

Changing the simply

agglomerate R&D actors to

networked actors

Creating mini-clusters with

industry, academia, and research centers

Supporting technology transfer,

incubation and providing

equipments

Creating new innovation clusters for specific

purposes

Creating new innovation clusters for specific

purposes

(As of year 2017)

Overview of Innovation cluster policies

Innopolis

Establishment 1973. Nov. (Plan Announced)

Location Daedeok,

Size 27.8Km2 → 70.4Km2

Employment 69,679 (13,484 Ph.D.s)

Tenant

Organizations

- 1,611 Organizations in Total, including 60 (public: 25, and private: 35) research institutes, 7 Universities and 1,521 companies

- 31 of start-ups have gone public at KOSDAQ)

Major Fields

(as of 2007)

IT (40%), BT (14%), Material Science (9%),

Chemical Engineering (8%), Energy Resource (8%)

Current status - Symbol of Korea's Science and Technology, - Hub for high-tech commercialization, creative economy

Source: https://www.innopolis.or.kr/eng/

Overview of Daedeok Innopolis (As of year 2017)

Stage Period Features

Establishment 1973 - 1992

- Concept for the plan (1973)

- Construction completed and Government Research Institutes began to move in (1978 -1992)

Innovation Creation

1993 -1997 - Private research institutes began to move in (1993)

- Various S&T achievements from R&D

Formation of Innovation

Cluster 1998 -2003

- Daedeok Science Town Administration Law enacted (1999)

- Many venture companies spin-offed from the government research institutes right after 1997 economic crisis

Growing Innovation

Cluster. 2004 -

- High-tech start-ups started moving in, DST renamed as (2004)

- Daedeok Special R&D Zone Law enacted (2005)

- Establishment of Daedeok Innopolis with new Daedeok Innopolis Management Office (HQ) and bigger budget (2005)

Historical Development of Daedeok Innopolis

Expansion of Innopolis to other regions

Source: innopolis.or.kr

Science Park Model

S&T and Market Interactive Park Model

Innovation Cluster Model

Science Based Complex (S&T Island Approach)

S&T + Production + Market Interaction

- Network & Synergy

- Open Innovation System

Policy Direction

Change of policy paradigm

Technopark

Source: http://www.technopark.or.kr

History of Technopark

Vision and Mission of Technopark

Role of Technopark

Expansion of Technopark to other regions

Related Actors Collaboration

Central Gov’t Ministry

Ministry of SMEs and Startups Policy Guidance

Regional Government

Each Province or Metropolitan City

Direct Guidance

Research institute

Regional branch of Government Research Institutes + Private Research Institutes

Weak Collaboration

University Universities in the region Weak Collaboration

Industry Technology based venture companies

Weak Collaboration

Other Public Citizen Minimum Collaboration

Each Technopark

Mngt. Office

(Foundation)

Governance and Mngt. of Technopark

- Gov’t initiated clusters do not have exact success factors as can be found in naturally created ones

- Fail to understand the characteristics of innovation cluster (Long time project, big budget requirement and so on)

- Neglecting the S/W side of innovation cluster, mainly the management and governance system

- Mismatch between the management capability, authority, and resources

Why many innovation cluster fail?

- S/W policy is equally important

- Governance and management are important but neglected

- There is a difference between western culture and east-Asian

culture. (Horizontal vs. Vertical socio-political system)

- How to incorporate S/W perspectives in the master plan?

- How to secure constant support to make sustainable innovation

cluster?

Software side policy needs to be incorporated

Policy / Management

H/W factors

Performance

Location

Governance

Management Body Other given

conditions

Relationship of Performance Factors

Industries, universities, Research institutes

Activity

Development

Administrative or Management Body

Construction company

Innovation Cluster Planner

Policy Researcher

Activities of Related bodies for the Development of Innovation Cluster

Management Body for Innovation Cluster

Policy Research

- Cluster policy - Global trend monitoring

Infrastructure Building

Promotional Programs

Administrative Support

- Networking - Marketing - Incubation - Global assistance

- Liaison function - Gov’t budget - Admin. Service - External affairs

- Community Center - Transportation - Security Service - Entertainment - Community Service

Integrative Management W/ Good Governance

Evolutionary Stage Contents

1st Stage

(Planning cluster)

Participation in the planning process of innovation activities

2nd Stage

(Activity cluster)

Some activities among innovation processes are happening like joint R&D

3rd Stage

(Integrated cluster)

Compete and collaborate in almost all the innovation process so that industry, university and research institutes are very closely connected and prosper as the member of whole IUR cluster

Evolutionary Process of Univ-Ind-RI relationship

Starbucks: Knowledge Place

Pojangmacha: Korean Bar

Communication, Space and Culture

Deok Soon Yim, Ph. D. Senior Research Fellow

Science and Technology Policy Institute

yimdeoks@gmail.com

Thank You! Any question?

Development and Management of Innovation Clusters in Korea ... · clusters with industry, academia,...

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