DNA

"The Blueprint of Life"

DNA stands for...

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

DNA FACTS

• established by James Watson, Francis Crick, and Rosalind Franklin

• Shape of a double

helix

• codes for your genes (traits) • made of repeating subunits called

nucleotides

What is a nucleotide?

Has three parts: PHOSPHATE

DEOXYRIBOSE (sugar) BASE (A,T,G,C)

Base-Pair Rule

Adenine <==> Thymine

Guanine <==> Cytosine

The sides of the DNA ladder are phosphate & sugar held together by hydrogen bonds

Base Pair Rule

One side: A T A T C A T G C G G G

Other side:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5iS1f0

How the Code Works

The combination of A,T,G,C determines what traits you might have, for ex. C A T C A T = purple hair T A C T A C = yellow hair

Think of the bases of DNA like letters. Letters form words.... Words form sentences.... *endless combinations

Let's Review What We Know About DNA

1. DNA stands for: De _____ ribo ______ acid

2. What is the shape of DNA? _______________

3. Who established the structure of DNA? ____________

4. Adenine always pairs with _______________

5. The sides of the DNA ladder are deoxyribose and _____

6. Guanine always pairs with _____________

7. What is the complimentary sequence: A A T G C A

8. The two sides of DNA are held together by _______ bonds. 9. DNA is composed of repeating subunits called ______________________

10. What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? _______________________________________

DNA REPLICATION

the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself (cell division)

SEMI-CONSERVATIVE - half of the old strand is saved

"ADN animation" by brian0918™ - Own work. Licensed under

Public domain via Wikimedia Commons -

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ADN_animation.gif#mediav

iewer/File:ADN_animation.gif

"DNA Structure+Key+Labelled.pn

NoBB" by Zephyris - Own work.

Licensed under Creative

Commons Attribution-Share Alike

3.0 via Wikimedia Commons -

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wi

ki/File:DNA_Structure%2BKey%

2BLabelled.pn_NoBB.png#media

viewer/File:DNA_Structure%2BK

ey%2BLabelled.pn_NoBB.png

"DNA Structure+Key+Labelled.pn NoBB" by Zephyris - Own work. Licensed under Creative Commons

Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons -

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DNA_Structure%2BKey%2BLabelled.pn_NoBB.png#mediaviewer/

File:DNA_Structure%2BKey%2BLabelled.pn_NoBB.png

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hfZ8o9D1tus

RNA - the messenger *single strand

*ribose sugar *contains no thymine, uracil instead

*follows base pair rule

DNA: A T A G C G

RNA:

RNA carries the "message" to the ribosomes, where proteins are made

DNA --> RNA --> Protein

Proteins are the building blocks of the organism (traits)

Transcription - process where RNA is made from DNA

Translation - process where proteins are made from RNA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zr_O8aJKHnI